A&P1, CH.1.6, membranes and organs
the 9 abdominal regions uses how many planes and which planes are they
4 primarily by anatomists, uses two transverse and two parasagittal planes
The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what two regions and what do those regions contain
the superior abdominal region contains digestive structures, spleen, and other organs; and the inferior pelvic cavity contains urinary and reproductive structures, and the rectum
the pelvic cavity contains what organs
the urinary bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs
The superior subdivision of the ventral body cavity is the _______cavity and is surrounded by what
thoracic the ribs and muscles of the chest
pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
Joe went to the emergency room where he complained of severe pains in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. What might be his problem?
He may have appendicitis if the pain is in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen.
___________ membranes within the ventral body cavity are double-layered membranes that cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surfaces of organs
Serous
how is freedom of movement important when it comes to organs and how does serous fluid play a role
The slippery serous fluid allows the organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions. This freedom of movement is especially important for mobile organs such as the pumping heart and the churning stomach.
is essentially a continuation of the brain
The spinal cord
The _________ cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
abdominopelvic
function of serous fluid
allows organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and between each other
The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into (insert directional term) ________cavities and the _________
lateral pleural mediastinum
What is the landmark you'll use to visualize the quadrants while doing assessments. This is the point at which the two planes cross.
The navel
explain how the relationship between the serosal layers are like pushing your fist into a limp balloon
The part of the balloon that clings to your fist can be compared to the visceral serosa clinging to an organ's external surface. The air would be the serous cavity The outer wall of the balloon represents the parietal serosa that lines the walls of the cavity.
When the body is subjected to physical trauma (as in an automobile accident), the abdominopelvic organs are most vulnerable. Why?
This is because the walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis.
what organs are in this region right lumbar region
ascending colon of large intestine
Which of these 2 membranes produce serous fluid
both
unlike the balloon, the parietal serosa is never what
exposed but is always fused to the cavity wall
The hypogastric (pubic) region is located ________ to the umbilical region
inferior
In the middle ear cavity, how does sound travel
it contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.
The right and left iliac, or inguinal, regions are located _______ to the hypogastric region
lateral
The right and left lumbar regions lie _________ to the umbilical region
lateral
what organs are in this region right hypochondriac region
liver, gallbladder
Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions, the parasagittal planes lie just _____ to the nipples.
medial
Many internal organs lie in _________ lined body cavities
membranes
Both the brain and the spinal cord are covered by membranes called _______.
meninges
The ______ _________ cavities in the skull lie just _______ to the eardrums.
middle ear medial
Of the uterus, small intestine, spinal cord, and heart, which is/are in the dorsal body cavity?
only spinal cord
The _______ cavities in the skull house the eyes and present them in an _______ position
orbital anterior
parietal pericardium
outer layer of the serous pericardium
inflammation of the pleurae inflammation of the peritoneums
pleurisy peritonitis
List the 9 abdominopelvic regions in order from top left to bottom right
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region right iliac (inguinal) region hypogastric (pubic) region left iliac (inguinal) region
All four quadrants contain portions of what
the small and large intestines
When serous membranes are inflamed what happens
their normally smooth surfaces become roughened. This roughness causes the membranes to stick together and drag across one another. Excruciating pain results.
The ________cavity is a superior division of the ventral cavity that is subdivided into what two categories. What does each include
thoracic pleural cavities that surround each lung medial mediastinum contains the heart, and its protective sheath, the pericardium, pericardial cavity, . It also contains the tracheal bifurcation and the left and right main bronchi.
the ______ cavity is part of the respiratory system passageways
nasal
The _______ cavity, commonly called the mouth, contains the teeth and tongue. This cavity is part of and continuous with the cavity of the digestive organs, which opens to the body exterior at the anus.
Oral (leads to digestive cavities)
list what organs each of the 4 quadrants contains
Right Upper Quadrant: Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, and the right adrenal gland. Left Upper Quadrant: Liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and the left adrenal gland. Right Lower Quadrant: appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter. Left Lower Quadrant: left ureter, reproductive organs
The nasal cavity is located where onto relation of the nose
within and posterior to the nose
When you rub your cold hands together, the friction between them results in heat that warms your hands. Why doesn't warming friction result during movements of the heart, lungs, and digestive organs?
As mobile organs work, friction is greatly reduced by the presence of serous fluid. Serous fluid allows the surrounding serous membranes to glide easily over one another.
Why divide the abdominal area into regions/quadrants
Because the abdominopelvic cavity is large and contains several organs, it helps to divide it into smaller areas for study
spaces within the body that are closed to the outside and protect the internal organs
Body cavities
Serous membranes are named for the specific _____or ______with which they are associated.
cavity organs
what organs are in this region right iliac (inguinal) region
cecum appendix
The dorsal body cavity is the space that houses the ________ system, what are it's subdivisions
central nervous system the cranial cavity, which houses the brain the vertebral cavity, which houses the spinal cord
The umbilical region is the centermost region _________ to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel).
deep
The cranial cavity is ___ to the skull and contains what
deep the brain
what organs are in this region left lumbar region
descending colon
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
a dome-shaped muscle important in breathing
diaphragm
what organs are in this region left hypochondriac region
diaphragm, spleen
Anatomy and physiology textbooks typically describe two sets of internal body cavities called the _____ and _______ body cavities
dorsal ventral
The abdominopelvic region is divided into ___ ___ ___ or ____ ___ ____
either four quadrants nine abdominopelvic regions
vertebral/spinal cavity's purpose
encloses the delicate spinal cord (which runs within the bony vertebral column)
The right and left hypochondriac regions lie lateral to the __________region and _________ to the ribs
epigastric deep
thoracic organs
esophagus, the trachea, the thymus and the lymph nodes of the central chest.
Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions the inferior transverse plane is just superior to the ______
hip bones
the four quadrants are created by an intersecting ________plane and the ______ plane
horizontal (transverse) median (midsagittal)
Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions the superior transverse plane is just ________ to the ribs
inferior
use two directional terms to describe where the pelvic cavity sits in relation to the abdominal cavity
inferior, partially posterior
what organs are in this region left iliac (inguinal) region
initial part of sigmoid colon
Is there a lot of room between the parietal and visceral serosa
no, the slitlike cavity is filled with serous fluid
The abdominopelvic cavity, as its name suggests, has two parts; what are they separated by
nothing (trick question) the abdominal and pelvic regions are not physically separated by a muscular or membrane wall
the _______ _________ lines the pericardial cavity and folds back as the _______ ______, which covers the heart. Likewise, the______ _______ line the walls of the thoracic cavity, and the ______ ________ cover the lungs
parietal pericardium visceral pericardium parietal pleurae visceral pleurae
The _______ __________is associated with the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity, while the _______ ______ covers most of the organs within that cavity
parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum
The ______ _______ lines the body cavity walls and folds in on itself to form the ______ _________ , which covers the outer surfaces of organs.
parietal serosa visceral serosa
The mediastinum contains the _______ cavity which encloses the ____, and it also surrounds the remaining _______organs (esophagus, trachea, and others).
pericardial heart thoracic
what separates the parietal and visceral pericardium
pericardial cavity
When looking at a person in the anatomical position, list from top left to bottom right the names of the quadrants
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant
membranes lining synovial cavities help movement
secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the bones move across one another.
The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin, double-layered membrane, the _________, or _______ ________. The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is called the _______ _______. It folds in on itself to form the _______ _________, covering the organs in the cavity.
serosa/serous membrane parietal serosa visceral serosa
Serous membranes secrete what
serous fluid
fills the space between cavity walls and the outer layer of organs
serous fluid
what fluid is within the pericardial cavity
serous fluid
what organs are in this region epigastric region
stomach
The epigastric region is located ____________ to the umbilical region
superior
_________ cavities are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround ___ ___ ___ of the body
synovial freely movable joints (such as the elbow and knee joints)
the abdominal cavity contains what organs
the greater part of the digestive tract, the liver and pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands located above the kidneys.
what organs are in this region umbilical region
transverse colon of large intestine small intestine
what organs are in this region hypogastric (pubic) region
urinary bladder
The ______ body cavity is anterior to and larger than the _______ cavity and has two main subdivisions. What are they
ventral dorsal ventral cavity subdivisions: the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity
The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities is the ______ ______ cavity
ventral body cavity
The ventral body cavity houses internal organs collectively called the ______
viscera (vis′er-ah; viscus = an organ in a body cavity), or visceral organs.)
inner layer of serous pericardium that surrounds the heart
visceral pericardium