A&P1, CH.1.6, membranes and organs

the 9 abdominal regions uses how many planes and which planes are they

4 primarily by anatomists, uses two transverse and two parasagittal planes

The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what two regions and what do those regions contain

the superior abdominal region contains digestive structures, spleen, and other organs; and the inferior pelvic cavity contains urinary and reproductive structures, and the rectum

the pelvic cavity contains what organs

the urinary bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs

The superior subdivision of the ventral body cavity is the _______cavity and is surrounded by what

thoracic the ribs and muscles of the chest

pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Joe went to the emergency room where he complained of severe pains in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. What might be his problem?

He may have appendicitis if the pain is in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen.

___________ membranes within the ventral body cavity are double-layered membranes that cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surfaces of organs

Serous

how is freedom of movement important when it comes to organs and how does serous fluid play a role

The slippery serous fluid allows the organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions. This freedom of movement is especially important for mobile organs such as the pumping heart and the churning stomach.

is essentially a continuation of the brain

The spinal cord

The _________ cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm

abdominopelvic

function of serous fluid

allows organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and between each other

The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into (insert directional term) ________cavities and the _________

lateral pleural mediastinum

What is the landmark you'll use to visualize the quadrants while doing assessments. This is the point at which the two planes cross.

The navel

explain how the relationship between the serosal layers are like pushing your fist into a limp balloon

The part of the balloon that clings to your fist can be compared to the visceral serosa clinging to an organ's external surface. The air would be the serous cavity The outer wall of the balloon represents the parietal serosa that lines the walls of the cavity.

When the body is subjected to physical trauma (as in an automobile accident), the abdominopelvic organs are most vulnerable. Why?

This is because the walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis.

what organs are in this region right lumbar region

ascending colon of large intestine

Which of these 2 membranes produce serous fluid

both

unlike the balloon, the parietal serosa is never what

exposed but is always fused to the cavity wall

The hypogastric (pubic) region is located ________ to the umbilical region

inferior

In the middle ear cavity, how does sound travel

it contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

The right and left iliac, or inguinal, regions are located _______ to the hypogastric region

lateral

The right and left lumbar regions lie _________ to the umbilical region

lateral

what organs are in this region right hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder

Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions, the parasagittal planes lie just _____ to the nipples.

medial

Many internal organs lie in _________ lined body cavities

membranes

Both the brain and the spinal cord are covered by membranes called _______.

meninges

The ______ _________ cavities in the skull lie just _______ to the eardrums.

middle ear medial

Of the uterus, small intestine, spinal cord, and heart, which is/are in the dorsal body cavity?

only spinal cord

The _______ cavities in the skull house the eyes and present them in an _______ position

orbital anterior

parietal pericardium

outer layer of the serous pericardium

inflammation of the pleurae inflammation of the peritoneums

pleurisy peritonitis

List the 9 abdominopelvic regions in order from top left to bottom right

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region right iliac (inguinal) region hypogastric (pubic) region left iliac (inguinal) region

All four quadrants contain portions of what

the small and large intestines

When serous membranes are inflamed what happens

their normally smooth surfaces become roughened. This roughness causes the membranes to stick together and drag across one another. Excruciating pain results.

The ________cavity is a superior division of the ventral cavity that is subdivided into what two categories. What does each include

thoracic pleural cavities that surround each lung medial mediastinum contains the heart, and its protective sheath, the pericardium, pericardial cavity, . It also contains the tracheal bifurcation and the left and right main bronchi.

the ______ cavity is part of the respiratory system passageways

nasal

The _______ cavity, commonly called the mouth, contains the teeth and tongue. This cavity is part of and continuous with the cavity of the digestive organs, which opens to the body exterior at the anus.

Oral (leads to digestive cavities)

list what organs each of the 4 quadrants contains

Right Upper Quadrant: Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, and the right adrenal gland. Left Upper Quadrant: Liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and the left adrenal gland. Right Lower Quadrant: appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter. Left Lower Quadrant: left ureter, reproductive organs

The nasal cavity is located where onto relation of the nose

within and posterior to the nose

When you rub your cold hands together, the friction between them results in heat that warms your hands. Why doesn't warming friction result during movements of the heart, lungs, and digestive organs?

As mobile organs work, friction is greatly reduced by the presence of serous fluid. Serous fluid allows the surrounding serous membranes to glide easily over one another.

Why divide the abdominal area into regions/quadrants

Because the abdominopelvic cavity is large and contains several organs, it helps to divide it into smaller areas for study

spaces within the body that are closed to the outside and protect the internal organs

Body cavities

Serous membranes are named for the specific _____or ______with which they are associated.

cavity organs

what organs are in this region right iliac (inguinal) region

cecum appendix

The dorsal body cavity is the space that houses the ________ system, what are it's subdivisions

central nervous system the cranial cavity, which houses the brain the vertebral cavity, which houses the spinal cord

The umbilical region is the centermost region _________ to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel).

deep

The cranial cavity is ___ to the skull and contains what

deep the brain

what organs are in this region left lumbar region

descending colon

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

a dome-shaped muscle important in breathing

diaphragm

what organs are in this region left hypochondriac region

diaphragm, spleen

Anatomy and physiology textbooks typically describe two sets of internal body cavities called the _____ and _______ body cavities

dorsal ventral

The abdominopelvic region is divided into ___ ___ ___ or ____ ___ ____

either four quadrants nine abdominopelvic regions

vertebral/spinal cavity's purpose

encloses the delicate spinal cord (which runs within the bony vertebral column)

The right and left hypochondriac regions lie lateral to the __________region and _________ to the ribs

epigastric deep

thoracic organs

esophagus, the trachea, the thymus and the lymph nodes of the central chest.

Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions the inferior transverse plane is just superior to the ______

hip bones

the four quadrants are created by an intersecting ________plane and the ______ plane

horizontal (transverse) median (midsagittal)

Regarding the The nine abdominopelvic regions the superior transverse plane is just ________ to the ribs

inferior

use two directional terms to describe where the pelvic cavity sits in relation to the abdominal cavity

inferior, partially posterior

what organs are in this region left iliac (inguinal) region

initial part of sigmoid colon

Is there a lot of room between the parietal and visceral serosa

no, the slitlike cavity is filled with serous fluid

The abdominopelvic cavity, as its name suggests, has two parts; what are they separated by

nothing (trick question) the abdominal and pelvic regions are not physically separated by a muscular or membrane wall

the _______ _________ lines the pericardial cavity and folds back as the _______ ______, which covers the heart. Likewise, the______ _______ line the walls of the thoracic cavity, and the ______ ________ cover the lungs

parietal pericardium visceral pericardium parietal pleurae visceral pleurae

The _______ __________is associated with the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity, while the _______ ______ covers most of the organs within that cavity

parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum

The ______ _______ lines the body cavity walls and folds in on itself to form the ______ _________ , which covers the outer surfaces of organs.

parietal serosa visceral serosa

The mediastinum contains the _______ cavity which encloses the ____, and it also surrounds the remaining _______organs (esophagus, trachea, and others).

pericardial heart thoracic

what separates the parietal and visceral pericardium

pericardial cavity

When looking at a person in the anatomical position, list from top left to bottom right the names of the quadrants

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

membranes lining synovial cavities help movement

secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the bones move across one another.

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin, double-layered membrane, the _________, or _______ ________. The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is called the _______ _______. It folds in on itself to form the _______ _________, covering the organs in the cavity.

serosa/serous membrane parietal serosa visceral serosa

Serous membranes secrete what

serous fluid

fills the space between cavity walls and the outer layer of organs

serous fluid

what fluid is within the pericardial cavity

serous fluid

what organs are in this region epigastric region

stomach

The epigastric region is located ____________ to the umbilical region

superior

_________ cavities are joint cavities. They are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround ___ ___ ___ of the body

synovial freely movable joints (such as the elbow and knee joints)

the abdominal cavity contains what organs

the greater part of the digestive tract, the liver and pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands located above the kidneys.

what organs are in this region umbilical region

transverse colon of large intestine small intestine

what organs are in this region hypogastric (pubic) region

urinary bladder

The ______ body cavity is anterior to and larger than the _______ cavity and has two main subdivisions. What are they

ventral dorsal ventral cavity subdivisions: the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities is the ______ ______ cavity

ventral body cavity

The ventral body cavity houses internal organs collectively called the ______

viscera (vis′er-ah; viscus = an organ in a body cavity), or visceral organs.)

inner layer of serous pericardium that surrounds the heart

visceral pericardium