A&P1 Test 1
The nuclear membrane contains ___________, which regulate the "flow of traffic" into and out of the nucleus. A. nuclear pores B. channel proteins C. microtubules D. enzymes
nuclear pores
Smallest unit of life
Cell
What size (in diameter) are most human cells? a. 10-15 nanometers long b. 10-15 micrometers wide c. 0.1 mm wide d. 10-15 Angstroms
10-15 micrometers wide
All of a cell's ribosomes are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A. True B. False
False
Any change in form or function over the lifetime of an organism is referred to as: A. reproduction B. development C. evolution D. equilibrium
development
The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.
diffusion.
Which of the following terms is defined as, "the study of structure by means of the cutting and separation of tissues"? A. percussion B auscultation C. dissection D. palpation
dissection
The theory of evolution: A. is based on very little documented evidence B. is irrelevant to the study of modern physiology C. explains the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans. D. does not relate to bacterial resistance E. predicts what new species will look like prior to their appearance on earth
explains the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans.
What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A. exocytosis B. active transport C. ciliary beating D. protein synthesis E. osmosis
protein synthesis
Membrane phospholipids arrange themselves with their hydrophilic ends toward the _________ of the membrane and their hydrophobic ends toward the ________ of the membrane. external face, internal face internal face, external face surface , center center, surface
surface , center
___ is enclosed by a two unit membrane, with folds called cristae projecting from the inner membrane that extend across the organelle. The nuclear envelope A. A mitochondrion B. A lysosome C. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. A Golgi complex
A mitochondrion
What type of cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward their ends? a. fusiform b. stellate c. discoid d. spheroid
fusiform
These increase a cell's external surface area, aid in absorption and are found on intestinal cells: A. cilia B. microvilli C. flagellae D. glycocalyx E. ribosomes
microvilli
The sum of all chemical activity in the body
Metabolism
At least 50 lysosomal enzymes have been identified. Which of the following describes the function of these enzymes? A. Hydrolyze proteins and carbohydrates B. Break down stored glycogen in the liver to release C. glucose into the blood D. digest and dispose of nonvital organelles E. All of the above
All of the above
Chemical reactions that synthesize
Anabolism
Integrating center for most feedback mechanisms
Brain
Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle? A. mitochondria B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. a centriole D. peroxisome E. the Golgi complex
Centriole
Internal state of body in which conditions fluctuate within a limited range
Dynamic Equilibrium
An organ is a mass of similar cells that forms a discrete region of our body, and performs a particular function. A. True B. False
False
Which of the following medical imaging tests assesses the metabolic state of a tissue, and determines which tissues are most active at any given moment? A. PET scan B. CT scan C. X-ray D. MRI
PET scan
Study of the simplest components of a human
Reductionism
Both cilia and microvilli often play sensory functions in many cells. True False
True
Positive feedback is a self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction. A. True B. False
True
The nucleus is the largest organelle. A. True B. False
True
What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death? A. the rough endoplasmic reticulum B. the nucleus C. a centriole D. a lysosome E. a mitochondrion
a lysosome
Which kind of statement is intended to summarize what is already known, predict what might happen, and suggest directions for further study? A. a statement of fact B. a statement of theory C. a statement of principle or law of nature D. a hypothetical statement
a statement of theory
Which of the following describes the function of the cytoskeleton? A. provide structural support to a cell B. determine shape of cell C. organization of cellular contents D. all of the above
all of the above
Of the following factors, which does not affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane? A. amount of ATP available B. kinetic energy of the particles C. molecular weight D. temperature E. permeability of membrane
amount of ATP available
Which of the following would be considered a cell inclusion? A. an oil droplet B. a mitochondrion C. a ribosome D. a centrosome E. all of these
an oil droplet
During low back surgery, Dr. Smith notices that his patient has 6 lumbar vertebrae rather than the "normal" number of five. This is an example of: A. evolution B. differentiation C. abnormality D. anatomic variation
anatomic variation
The Na+ K+ pump is an example of a/an: A. uniport B. passive transport system C. antiport D. all of the above.
antiport
Cells dispose of worn-out organelles by a process called A. autophagy. B. exocytosis. C. cytolysis. D. apoptosis. E. transcytosis.
autophagy.
Blood cells in a hypotonic solution will A. burst (hemolysis). B. shrink (crenation). C. stay the same size. D. plasmolyze.
burst (hemolysis)
Microvilli are characterized by all of the following except a. they appear as a brush border. b. their primary function is absorption. c. they are best developed on squamous cells d. they increase the surface area of a cell.
c. they are best developed on squamous cells
The cells in the nervous system (neurons), do not contain centrioles. These neurons most likely cannot undergo which vital cellular process? A. production of ATP. B. cell division. C. production of enzymes. D. intercellular transportation
cell division.
The ___ is a clear gel, with no visible structure of its own, in which the organelles of a cell are embedded. A. nucleoplasm B. cytoplasm C. cytosol D. ectoplasm E. protoplasm
cytosol
Which of the following is not part of the modern cell theory? a. All organisms are composed of cells. b. The cell is the simplest structural and functional unit of life. c. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of its cells. d. Cells arise by spontaneous generation
d. Cells arise by spontaneous generation
When blood pressure in capillaries forces water and dissolved solutes out into the tissue fluid, this is called A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.
filtration.
Which of the following organelles completes the process of protein synthesis? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. ribosomes C. golgi complex D. mitochondria
golgi complex
The tendency for the bodies of living things to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as: A. the cell theory B. set point C. positive feedback D. homeostasis E. dynamic equilibrium
homeostasis
When the extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid, we may say the extracellular fluid is: A. osmotic B. actively transported C. hypertonic D. isotonic E. hypotonic
hypertonic
If a scientist were to speculate about the causes of a phenomenon without any definitive proof, it would be a/an: A. hypothesis B. theory C. law of nature D. fact E. double blind
hypothesis
In scientific research, understanding nature can be described as either fact, theory, or a law of nature. Which of the following describes a level of knowledge that can be used to predict how matter and energy behave? A. fact B. theory C. law of nature
law of nature
The fundamental way in which the body detects a change and activates a mechanism to negate, or reverse the effects of this change is referred to as: A. homeostasis B. negative feedback C. set point D. the cell theory E. positive feedback
negative feedback
A person can be declared legally dead if he or she has A. very slow reflexes B. an erratic heartbeat C. weakened respiration D. no brainwaves for 24 hours
no brainwaves for 24 hours
The net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water is called: A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.
osmosis
The hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis is known as A. filtration pressure. B. diffusion pressure. C. transport pressure. D. osmotic pressure.
osmotic pressure.
A protein that does not penetrate through the phospholipid bilayer, but adheres to one face of the plasma membrane is called a(n) peripheral protein. integral protein. transmembrane protein. none of the above
peripheral protein.
These organelles, which are abundant in the liver and kidneys, contain enzymes that detoxify alcohol and kill bacteria. These organelles are called A. lysosomes. B. centrosomes. C. mitochondria. D. peroxisomes. E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
peroxisomes.
The process of cleaning the cell by engulfing particles such as bacteria and debris is known as: A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. vesicular transport D. receptor mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of A. macrocytosis. B. pinocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. phagocytosis. E. active transport.
phagocytosis.
When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a vesicle called a ___ in its cytoplasm. A. pinocytotic vesicle B. secretory vesicle C. clathrin-coated vesicle D. phagosome E. lysosome
phagosome
The process of taking in droplets of ECF-containing molecules of some use to the cell, like proteins, is called A. phagocytosis. B. endocytosis. C. pinocytosis. D. exocytosis. E. transcytosis.
pinocytosis.
Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. ATP synthesis B. protein synthesis C. DNA synthesis D. active transport E. polysaccharide hydrolysis
protein synthesis
The cell membrane is made up mainly of: A. proteins and phospholipids B. carbohydrates and steroids C. phospholipids and cholesterol D. glycolipids and phospholipids E. proteins and glycolipids
proteins and phospholipids
Large molecules, such as insulin, may be transported through cells by this specific process: (p.99) A. secondary active transport B. receptor-mediated endocytosis C. exocytosis D. phagocytosis E. facilitated diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Membrane proteins that aid in communications from other cells are: A. enzymes B. Second messenger systems C. receptors D. glycocalyx E. carriers
receptors
All living things react to stimuli in their environment. This statement most closely relates to which characteristic of life? A. metabolism B. development C. responsiveness D. assimilation E. reproduction
responsiveness
This organelle is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and manufactures proteins to be secreted from the cell or packaged in organelles such as lysosomes. A. smooth ER B. rough ER C. Golgi complex D. centrosome E. peroxisome
rough ER
Pasteur provided experiments that disproved this idea: the cell theory A. evolution B. every cell from a cell C. spontaneous generation D. fluid-mosaic model
spontaneous generation
Blood cells in a 0.9% NaCl solution will A. burst (hemolysis). B. shrink (crenation). C. stay the same size. D. plasmolyze.
stay the same size.
If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature? A. sweating and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels B. shivering and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels C. sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels D. shivering and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels