A&P1 Test 1

The nuclear membrane contains ___________, which regulate the "flow of traffic" into and out of the nucleus. A. nuclear pores B. channel proteins C. microtubules D. enzymes

nuclear pores

Smallest unit of life

Cell

What size (in diameter) are most human cells? a. 10-15 nanometers long b. 10-15 micrometers wide c. 0.1 mm wide d. 10-15 Angstroms

10-15 micrometers wide

All of a cell's ribosomes are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A. True B. False

False

Any change in form or function over the lifetime of an organism is referred to as: A. reproduction B. development C. evolution D. equilibrium

development

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.

diffusion.

Which of the following terms is defined as, "the study of structure by means of the cutting and separation of tissues"? A. percussion B auscultation C. dissection D. palpation

dissection

The theory of evolution: A. is based on very little documented evidence B. is irrelevant to the study of modern physiology C. explains the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans. D. does not relate to bacterial resistance E. predicts what new species will look like prior to their appearance on earth

explains the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans.

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A. exocytosis B. active transport C. ciliary beating D. protein synthesis E. osmosis

protein synthesis

Membrane phospholipids arrange themselves with their hydrophilic ends toward the _________ of the membrane and their hydrophobic ends toward the ________ of the membrane. external face, internal face internal face, external face surface , center center, surface

surface , center

___ is enclosed by a two unit membrane, with folds called cristae projecting from the inner membrane that extend across the organelle. The nuclear envelope A. A mitochondrion B. A lysosome C. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. A Golgi complex

A mitochondrion

What type of cells are thick in the middle and tapered toward their ends? a. fusiform b. stellate c. discoid d. spheroid

fusiform

These increase a cell's external surface area, aid in absorption and are found on intestinal cells: A. cilia B. microvilli C. flagellae D. glycocalyx E. ribosomes

microvilli

The sum of all chemical activity in the body

Metabolism

At least 50 lysosomal enzymes have been identified. Which of the following describes the function of these enzymes? A. Hydrolyze proteins and carbohydrates B. Break down stored glycogen in the liver to release C. glucose into the blood D. digest and dispose of nonvital organelles E. All of the above

All of the above

Chemical reactions that synthesize

Anabolism

Integrating center for most feedback mechanisms

Brain

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle? A. mitochondria B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. a centriole D. peroxisome E. the Golgi complex

Centriole

Internal state of body in which conditions fluctuate within a limited range

Dynamic Equilibrium

An organ is a mass of similar cells that forms a discrete region of our body, and performs a particular function. A. True B. False

False

Which of the following medical imaging tests assesses the metabolic state of a tissue, and determines which tissues are most active at any given moment? A. PET scan B. CT scan C. X-ray D. MRI

PET scan

Study of the simplest components of a human

Reductionism

Both cilia and microvilli often play sensory functions in many cells. True False

True

Positive feedback is a self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction. A. True B. False

True

The nucleus is the largest organelle. A. True B. False

True

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death? A. the rough endoplasmic reticulum B. the nucleus C. a centriole D. a lysosome E. a mitochondrion

a lysosome

Which kind of statement is intended to summarize what is already known, predict what might happen, and suggest directions for further study? A. a statement of fact B. a statement of theory C. a statement of principle or law of nature D. a hypothetical statement

a statement of theory

Which of the following describes the function of the cytoskeleton? A. provide structural support to a cell B. determine shape of cell C. organization of cellular contents D. all of the above

all of the above

Of the following factors, which does not affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane? A. amount of ATP available B. kinetic energy of the particles C. molecular weight D. temperature E. permeability of membrane

amount of ATP available

Which of the following would be considered a cell inclusion? A. an oil droplet B. a mitochondrion C. a ribosome D. a centrosome E. all of these

an oil droplet

During low back surgery, Dr. Smith notices that his patient has 6 lumbar vertebrae rather than the "normal" number of five. This is an example of: A. evolution B. differentiation C. abnormality D. anatomic variation

anatomic variation

The Na+ K+ pump is an example of a/an: A. uniport B. passive transport system C. antiport D. all of the above.

antiport

Cells dispose of worn-out organelles by a process called A. autophagy. B. exocytosis. C. cytolysis. D. apoptosis. E. transcytosis.

autophagy.

Blood cells in a hypotonic solution will A. burst (hemolysis). B. shrink (crenation). C. stay the same size. D. plasmolyze.

burst (hemolysis)

Microvilli are characterized by all of the following except a. they appear as a brush border. b. their primary function is absorption. c. they are best developed on squamous cells d. they increase the surface area of a cell.

c. they are best developed on squamous cells

The cells in the nervous system (neurons), do not contain centrioles. These neurons most likely cannot undergo which vital cellular process? A. production of ATP. B. cell division. C. production of enzymes. D. intercellular transportation

cell division.

The ___ is a clear gel, with no visible structure of its own, in which the organelles of a cell are embedded. A. nucleoplasm B. cytoplasm C. cytosol D. ectoplasm E. protoplasm

cytosol

Which of the following is not part of the modern cell theory? a. All organisms are composed of cells. b. The cell is the simplest structural and functional unit of life. c. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of its cells. d. Cells arise by spontaneous generation

d. Cells arise by spontaneous generation

When blood pressure in capillaries forces water and dissolved solutes out into the tissue fluid, this is called A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.

filtration.

Which of the following organelles completes the process of protein synthesis? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. ribosomes C. golgi complex D. mitochondria

golgi complex

The tendency for the bodies of living things to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as: A. the cell theory B. set point C. positive feedback D. homeostasis E. dynamic equilibrium

homeostasis

When the extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid, we may say the extracellular fluid is: A. osmotic B. actively transported C. hypertonic D. isotonic E. hypotonic

hypertonic

If a scientist were to speculate about the causes of a phenomenon without any definitive proof, it would be a/an: A. hypothesis B. theory C. law of nature D. fact E. double blind

hypothesis

In scientific research, understanding nature can be described as either fact, theory, or a law of nature. Which of the following describes a level of knowledge that can be used to predict how matter and energy behave? A. fact B. theory C. law of nature

law of nature

The fundamental way in which the body detects a change and activates a mechanism to negate, or reverse the effects of this change is referred to as: A. homeostasis B. negative feedback C. set point D. the cell theory E. positive feedback

negative feedback

A person can be declared legally dead if he or she has A. very slow reflexes B. an erratic heartbeat C. weakened respiration D. no brainwaves for 24 hours

no brainwaves for 24 hours

The net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water is called: A. filtration. B. diffusion. C. osmosis. D. osmotic pressure.

osmosis

The hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis is known as A. filtration pressure. B. diffusion pressure. C. transport pressure. D. osmotic pressure.

osmotic pressure.

A protein that does not penetrate through the phospholipid bilayer, but adheres to one face of the plasma membrane is called a(n) peripheral protein. integral protein. transmembrane protein. none of the above

peripheral protein.

These organelles, which are abundant in the liver and kidneys, contain enzymes that detoxify alcohol and kill bacteria. These organelles are called A. lysosomes. B. centrosomes. C. mitochondria. D. peroxisomes. E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

peroxisomes.

The process of cleaning the cell by engulfing particles such as bacteria and debris is known as: A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. vesicular transport D. receptor mediated endocytosis

phagocytosis

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of A. macrocytosis. B. pinocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. phagocytosis. E. active transport.

phagocytosis.

When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a vesicle called a ___ in its cytoplasm. A. pinocytotic vesicle B. secretory vesicle C. clathrin-coated vesicle D. phagosome E. lysosome

phagosome

The process of taking in droplets of ECF-containing molecules of some use to the cell, like proteins, is called A. phagocytosis. B. endocytosis. C. pinocytosis. D. exocytosis. E. transcytosis.

pinocytosis.

Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. ATP synthesis B. protein synthesis C. DNA synthesis D. active transport E. polysaccharide hydrolysis

protein synthesis

The cell membrane is made up mainly of: A. proteins and phospholipids B. carbohydrates and steroids C. phospholipids and cholesterol D. glycolipids and phospholipids E. proteins and glycolipids

proteins and phospholipids

Large molecules, such as insulin, may be transported through cells by this specific process: (p.99) A. secondary active transport B. receptor-mediated endocytosis C. exocytosis D. phagocytosis E. facilitated diffusion

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Membrane proteins that aid in communications from other cells are: A. enzymes B. Second messenger systems C. receptors D. glycocalyx E. carriers

receptors

All living things react to stimuli in their environment. This statement most closely relates to which characteristic of life? A. metabolism B. development C. responsiveness D. assimilation E. reproduction

responsiveness

This organelle is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and manufactures proteins to be secreted from the cell or packaged in organelles such as lysosomes. A. smooth ER B. rough ER C. Golgi complex D. centrosome E. peroxisome

rough ER

Pasteur provided experiments that disproved this idea: the cell theory A. evolution B. every cell from a cell C. spontaneous generation D. fluid-mosaic model

spontaneous generation

Blood cells in a 0.9% NaCl solution will A. burst (hemolysis). B. shrink (crenation). C. stay the same size. D. plasmolyze.

stay the same size.

If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature? A. sweating and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels B. shivering and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels C. sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels D. shivering and vasodilation of surface blood vessels

sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels