AB FINAL

Which is an INACCURATE statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior? A) Genes probably play no part in mental disorders. B) The Human Genome Project, completed in 2000, helped identify relationships between various genes and mental disorders. C) Each human cell contains about 30,000 genes, some of which may contribute to mental disorders. D) In most cases, several genes combine to help produce dysfunctional behavior.

Genes probably play no part in mental disorders.

One who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: A) genome mapping is a waste of time. B) the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. C) at one time what is now often seen as abnormal helped us survive. D) people can inherit physical but not mental capacities.

at one time what is now often seen as abnormal helped us survive.

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by: A) eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder. B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18. D) dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.

creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality? deviance distress danger dysfunction

danger

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be "on" or "off." In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a: A) flashlight, running on batteries. B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on. C) candle, which may be blown out at any time. D) capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.

dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system. A) autonomic B) endocrine C) nervous D) exocrine

endocrine

1. If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was: A) suffering from a mental illness. B) deviant but not dangerous. C) exhibiting a typical reaction. D) statistically deviant.

exhibiting a typical reaction

Which is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders? A) the reliability of the diagnosis B) the validity of the diagnosis C) distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder D) incorporating new research into the new edition

incorporating new research into the new edition

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: A) mental patients should be deinstitutionalized. B) organic factors can cause mental illness. C) antibiotics cannot "cure" viral diseases. D) physicians should be the ones treating mental illnesses.

organic factors are responsible for mental disorders

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT: A) incessant lying. B) periods of very high anxiety. C) persistent violation of others' rights. D) lack of conscience after committing crimes.

periods of very high anxiety.

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? A) psychogenic B) somatogenic C) demonological D) moral

psychogenic

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

schizotypal personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to: A) schizophrenia. B) social anxiety. C) mania. D) eating disorders.

social anxiety.

Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: A) dendrites. B) axons. C) neurotransmitters. D) synapses.

synapses.

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a: A) treatment. B) classification system. C) syndrome. D) medical condition.

syndrome

The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is: A) trisomy 21. B) mosaicism. C) translocation. D) PKU.

trisomy 21.

Comorbidity describes a situation in which: A) one disorder develops into another. B) one disorder automatically implies the other. C) two disorders occur together in an individual. D) the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it.

two disorders occur together in an individual.

Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is an ancient king. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n) __________ drug. A) Stimulant B) Antianxiety C) Antipsychotic D) Antidepressant

Antipsychotic

The group of hormones that appears to be most involved in arousal due to stress is A) beta-blockers. B) prolactins. C) Cortisols D) adrenalaltoids.

Cortisols

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know the child's diagnosis, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder? A) The child argues defiantly with parents. B) The child is not responsive to other people. C) The child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents. D) The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task.

The child is not responsive to other people.

The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a: A) nomothetic approach. B) clinical assessment. C) behavioral approach D) functional analysis.

clinical assessment.

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? distress deviance dysfunction danger to self or others

dysfunction

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: A) echolalia. B) neologism. C) nominal aphasia. D) pronominal reversal.

echolalia.

The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by: A) germs. B) poisons. C) evil spirits. D) psychological trauma.

evil spirits.

Cheri is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because: A) she is too old. B) her IQ is not low enough. C) her daily functioning is adequate. D) her condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18.

her daily functioning is adequate

A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: A) histrionic. B) borderline. C) antisocial. D) obsessive-compulsive.

histrionic

When dealing with a new client, the clinical practitioner's major focus is to gather what type of information? A) diagnostic B) nomothetic C) idiographic D) dispassionate

idiographic

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as "Where are you now?," "Why do you think you're here?," or even "Who are you?" is probably conducting a(n): A) mental status exam. B) behavioral interview. C) sociocultural interview. D) intelligence test.

mental status exam.

The chemical substances that drift across the synapse and are absorbed by the receiving neurons are called A) peptides B) endorphins C) hormones D) neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters

This pattern of aggression is found more commonly among girls than boys. A) relational aggression B) overt-destructive C) overt-nondestructive D) covert-nondestructive

relational aggression

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve: A) releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. B) bringing the four body humors back into balance. C) punishing the body for its sins. D) bloodletting.

ringing the four body humors back into balance.

Hippocrates's model of mental illness can be described as: A) psychiatric. B) somatogenic. C) psychogenic. D) supernatural.

somatogenic

A child with an anxiety disorder would be MOST likely to report which symptom? A) inability to concentrate B) stomach pains C) mind racing D) feelings of worthlessness

stomach pain

Each cell in the human body and brain contains how many pairs of chromosomes? A) 12 B) 18 C) 23 D) 46

23

An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which personality disorder? A) Borderline B) Schizotypal C) obsessive-compulsive D) Avoidant

Borderline

Dr. Johnson believes that the frequency and intensity of compulsive behavior exists on a continuum from mild to severe. Dr. Johnson prefers to use which approach when viewing this behavior? A) Categorical B) Dimensional C) Medical D) Nominal

Dimensional

Dr. Schmidt is giving a lecture on abnormal behavior and states "Genes that are linked to the development of mental disorders are genetic variations that should be expected." He is more than likely in agreement with which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) Psychodynamic B) Behavioral C) Cognitive D) Evolutionary

Evolutionary

Ralph has been sad and listless for three years. He cannot sleep and has lost his appetite. Using a diagnostic system, one clinician arrives at a diagnosis of depression. Using the exact same diagnostic system, another clinician arrives at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What is the problem with this system? A) It lacks construct validity. B) It lacks universality. C) It lacks reliability. D) It lacks predictive validity

It lacks reliability.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.

They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.

Surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States. A) Worry B) Depression C) Anxiety D) substance abuse

Worry

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point the client made. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just: A) used free association. B) conducted an unstructured interview. C) used a behavioral assessment technique. D) employed (Rogers's) nondirective therapy.

conducted an unstructured interview.

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

covert-destructive

George hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that: A) distress must always be used to determine abnormality. B) behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal. C) distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal. D) behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal.

distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal

A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

oppositional defiant disorder.

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is: A) validity. B) the reliability of the technique. C) the chance to get a general sense of the client. D) that it asks only open-ended questions

the chance to get a general sense of the client.

One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that: A) each client is different. B) the approach is too rigid. C) the client may give an overly positive picture. D) the clinician sees the client too infrequently.

the client may give an overly positive picture.

The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is: A) a model. B) a diagnosis. C) an interpretation. D) the clinical picture.

the clinical picture.

In the Middle Ages, which model of mental illness did MOST people believe in? A) the moral model B) the medical model C) the psychogenic model D) the demonology model

the demonology model

Current research suggests that schizophrenia may be related to: A) bacterial infections at the time of puberty. B) a resistance to antibiotics. C) viral infection in utero. D) hormonal imbalances.

viral infection in utero.

Schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that: A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.