ab psych ch 10
Treatments for psyical disorders
-relaxation training -biofeedback -meditation -hypnosis -cognitive interventions -support groups, emotion expression -combination approaches
factitious disorder
A disorder in which a person feigns or induces symptoms, typically for the purpose of assuming the role of a sick person.Munchausen syndrome
conversion disorder
A disorder in which bodily symptoms affect voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases. ex; paralysis, blindness, loss of feeling (no neurological basis)
illness anxiety disorder
A disorder in which people are chronically anxious about and preoccupied with the notion that they have or are developing a serious medical illness, despite the absence of somatic symptoms. Previously known as hypochondriasis.
somatic symptom disorder
A disorder in which people become excessively distressed, concerned, and anxious about bodily symptoms that they are experiencing, and their lives are greatly and disproportionately disrupted by the symptoms.
behavioral medicine
A field that combines psychological and physical interventions to treat or prevent medical problems
antigens
A foreign invader of the body, such as a bacterium or virus
muscle contraction headache
A headache caused by the narrowing of muscles surrounding the skull. Also known as tension headache. Approx 45 million Americans suffer
ulcers
A lesion that forms in the wall of the stomach or of the duodenum. More than 25 million ppl in the US have ulcers at some point in their lives
asthma
A medical problem marked by narrowing of the trachea and bronchi, which results in shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and a choking sensation. 25 million ppl in US
type A personality
A personality pattern characterized by hostility, cynicism, drivenness, impatience, competitiveness, and ambition. -They interact w/ the world in a way that produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease.
type B personality
A personality pattern in which a person is more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time. They are less likely to develop cardiovascular deterioration.
migraine headaches
A very severe headache that occurs on one side of the head, often preceded by a warning sensation and sometimes accompanied by dizziness, nausea, or vomiting.
adulthood
Although illness anxiety disorder can begin at any age, it starts most often in early ____
classical conditioning
Behaviorists, for example, believe that the illness fears are acquired through ____ or modeling.
1 and 5
Between __ percent of all people experience illness anxiety disorder
0.2 and 2.0
Between ____ percent of all women in the United States may experience a somatization pattern in any given year, compared with less than 0.2 percent of men
factors that influence whether stress will slowdown the immune system
Biochemical activity Behavioral changes Personality style Degree of social support
misinterpret
Cognitive theorists suggest that people with the disorder are so sensitive to and threatened by bodily cues that they come to __ them
between
Conversion disorder usually begins ____ late childhood and young adulthood
corticosteroids
Cortisol and other so-called stress hormones—apparently contribute to poorer immune system functioning.
insomnia
Difficulty falling or staying asleep. Plagues more than 1/3 the population each year. 10% have insomnia that lasts months or years.
psychophysiological disorders
Disorders in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors interact to cause or worsen a physical illness. Also known as psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
norepinephrine
Excessive activity of the neurotransmitter ___ apparently contributes to slowdowns of the immune system. May travel to lymphocytes and deliver *inhibitory message* to stop their activity, thus slowing down immune system
early adulthood
Factitious disorder begins during ___.
hysterical
For many years, conversion and somatic symptom disorders were referred to as ___ disorders
coronary heart disease
Illness of the heart caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries. Leading cause of death for men and women in the nation. 600,000 deaths each year.
electromyograph
In an EMG procedure, electrodes are attached to a person's muscles so that the muscle contractions are detected and converted into an audible tone
malingering
Intentionally feigning illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation or deferment from military service.
autonomic nervous system
Network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to the body's organs.
B cells
One group of lymphocytes ___ produces antibodies, protein molecules that recognize and bind to antigens, mark them for destruction, and prevent them from causing infection.
helper T cells
One group of lymphocytes called ____ identifies antigens and then multiplies and triggers the production of other kinds of immune cells.
poverty
One of society's most negative social conditions. Have more psychophysiological disorders and worse health in general than wealthy people.
ocd
People with illness anxiety disorder usually receive the kinds of treatments that are used to treat ____. clients improve considerably when given antidepressant drugs (same as old patients)
essential hypertension
Results from a combination of psychological and physiological factors. high proportion of collagen (gluey protein) in blood vessels
social readjustment rating scale
SRRS, developed by Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe. Assigns numerical values to the stresses that most people experience at some time in their lives
longer
Symptoms of somatic symptom disorder last ___ than those of conversion disorder but are less dramatic than those in conversion disorder
greater
The ___ amount of life stress, the __ likelihood of illness.
immune system
The body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells.
20
The pattern often runs in families; as many as __ percent of the close female relatives of women with the pattern also develop it. It usually begins between adolescence and young adulthood.
psychoneuroimmunology
The study of the connections among stress, the body's immune system, and illness.
reinforcement
Therapists who take a __ approach arrange for the removal of rewards for a client's "sickness" symptoms and an increase of rewards for healthy behaviors
repressive coping style
Typical for men. A reluctance to express discomfort, anger, hostility... raises blood pressure and heart rate when stressed
conversion
Unlike people with factitious disorder, those with ___ disorder do not consciously want or purposely produce their symptoms.
lymphocytes
White blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and bloodstream, helping the body identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells.
nancy school
Work by Ambroise-Auguste Liébault and Hippolyte Bernheim helped foster the notion that such psychological factors were at the root of hysterical disorders. These researchers founded the ___ in Paris for the study and treatment of mental disorders
other
__ therapists try to address the physical symptoms of these disorders rather than the causes, using techniques such as suggestion, reinforcement, or confrontation
biological
___ therapists use anti anxiety drugs or certain anti depressant drugs to help reduce the anxiety of clients with conversion and somatic symptom disorders
behavioral
___ therapists use exposure treatments; they expose their clients to features of the horrific events that first triggered their physical symptoms, expecting that the clients will become less anxious over the course of repeated exposures and more able to face those upsetting events directly rather than thru physical channels
psychodynamic
___ therapists, for example, try to help those w/ somatic symptoms become conscious of and resolve their underlying fears, thus eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms
african americans
____ have higher rates of blood pressure, diabetes, and asthma, and more likely than whites to die from heart disease/stroke.
hispanic americans
____ health is as good or often better than that of both White and African Americans. __ have lower rates of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, and cancer as well. "Hispanic Health Paradox"
hypnotic suggestion
at the nancy school. they were able to produce hysterical symptoms in normal people (deafness, paralysis, etc) by ____. They removed the symptoms by the same means
hypertension
chronic high blood pressure. Approx 9.4 million deaths around the world are caused by this.
stress
conversion disorder appears suddenly, at times of extreme ___, and lasts a matter of weeks. These people are highly suggestible
twice
conversion disorder is at least __ as often diagnosed in women than in men
muchausen syndrome by proxy
factitious disorder imposed on another, a parent who makes up physical illness in their children (in some cases allowing diagnostic tests, medication, and surgery)
women
factitious disorder is more common in ____, although men may have more severe cases
LCU
life change units
briquets syndrome
many long lasting physical ailments, ailments that typically have little or no physical basis
natural killer T cells
one group of lymphocytes called ____ seeks out and destroys body cells that have already been infected by viruses, thus helping to stop the spread of a viral infection
somatization pattern
the individual experiences a large and varied number of bodily symptoms.
predominant pain pattern
the person's primary bodily problem is the experience of pain.
atrophy
to waste away
