ABDwall & Diaphragm & Peritoneal Cavity (WB)
Which transducer is best suited for a sonographic examination of the superficial abdominal wall?
12 MHz linear curve
Which of the following is an inflammatory response?
Abscess
Which of the following methods is used to divide the abdominalopelvic cavity into nine regions by drawing two vertical and two horizontal lines?
Addison's lines
Which of the following is another name for the rectouterine space?
All of the above: Pouch of Douglas, Posterior cul-de-sac, retrovaginal pouch
Which of the following may be seen in the thoracic cavity in a fetus with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
All the above; liver, spleen, stomach
What two layers are divided by the superficial fascia inferior to the umbilicus?
Camper's (fatty layer w/small vessels and nerves) & Scarpa's (deep membranous layer)
Which of the following potential spaces is commonly referred to as Morrison's pouch?
Hepatorenal space
Which of the following is not a ventral hernia?
Inguinal
Which of the following statements regarding hematomas is FALSE?
Postsurgical hematomas are usually retroperitoneal
Which of the following may be contraindication to sonography-guided aspiration?
Septations within the abscess
What collection of serum that results from a surgical procedure or form the liquefaction of a hematoma and typically appears anechoic to hypoechoic sonographically?
Seroma
What demonstration widening of the hernia and movement of the hernia content?
Valsava maneuver
Which of the following has the primary function of attaching muscles to fixed points?
aponeuroses
Transudative ascites is typically associated with:
congestive heart failure
Which statement regarding the diaphragm is FALSE?
due to diaphragmatic contraction, the IVC dilates during inspiration
Which of the following is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm due to a development anomaly?
eventration
What ascites has a more complex and echogenic appearance because fluid seeps out from blood vessels and contains a large amount of protein and cellular material
exudative
What is the most common content in an abdominal wall hernia?
fat
What causes abscess to have a "dirty" posterior shadow?
gas/air
4 clinical indications of an inflammatory respones are
heat, redness, pain, and swelling
A large hematoma may be associated with a decrease in which laboratory value?
hematocrit
Blood of focal area or clot, the collection is called:
hematoma
Free blood within the peritoneal cavity is called:
hemoperitoneal
Which of the following is another term for pleural effusion?
hydrothorax
Three main categories of disease that affect the abdominal wall:
inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplasm changes
Which of the following is an anatomical area where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity and is a potential site for hernias?
inguinal canal
Which of the following is a true statement about the right crus of the diaphragm?
it appears anterior tot eh caudate lobe
Which of the following speaces is most likely to contain the pancreatic pseudocyst?
lesser sac
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the abdominal wall?
lipoma
Which of the following typically occurs when a nerve is damaged during surgery?
neuroma
Which of the following organs is NOT located within the peritoneal cavity?
pancreas
An interventional procedure performed to remove ascites from the peritoneal cavity is called?
paracentesis
What lines the abdominopelvic cavity and is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue?
parietal peritoneum
What is the largest body cavity?
peritoneal cavity
In order to determine if an abscess is intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, what structure must the sonographer demonstrate?
peritoneal line
The thin sheet of tissues that divides the abdominal cavity into the peritoneal and retroperitoneal compartments is called the:
peritoneal membrane
What is diagnosed when fluid is visualized superior to the diaphragm?
pleural effusion
Ascites typically collects in all of the following potential spaces EXCEPT:
pleural space
What muscles are the posterior abdominal wall?
psoas major, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum
Which of the following muscles is not part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
psoas muscle
Which of the following muscles is not a paired muscle?
pyramidalis muscle
Superficial abdominal wall hematomas most commonly occur within the?
rectus sheath
What fibrous compartment that contains the rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscle, blood, and lymphatic vessels and nerves?
rectus sheath
Over half of infants born with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia die form what medical condition?
respiratory failure
Due to high frequency of appendicitis and duodenal ulcers, the most common potential space for the peritoneal abscess is:
right subphrenic space
The comon sonographic appearance of a lymphocele is:
simple anechoic collection with possible thin septation
All of the following statements regarding omental caking are true EXCEPT:
simple transudative ascites is frequently associated with omental caking
Mesenteric cysts may occur anywhere along the mesentery but are most commonly found originating from
small bowel mesentery
The lesser sac lies immediately posterior to the?
stomach
Two complications that can occur with midline hernia include?
strangulation (blood supply/ischemia & incarceration (sac cannot be pushed back into cavity
The lesser sac contains which of the following organs?
the lesser sac does not contain any organs
What is the ventral cavity separated by the diaphragm?
thoracic and abdominalopelvic cavity
What ascites typically has a simple appearance because it is characterized by a lack of protein and cellular material?
transadative
What is the most common type of the ventral hernia?
umbilical
A fluid collection that contains urine and is associated with a rupture of teh urinary tract is caller?
urinoma
Two main categories of abdominal wall hernias are:
venral and groin
Peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs is referred to as?
visceral peritoneum
