Abeka 10th grade Biology test 2
ovary
3
receptacle
4
petal
5
pedicel
6
gametes
Reproductive cells, such as egg cells and sperm cells, are called _?_
growth rings
The alternating patterns formed in a woody stem by district layers of springwood and summerwood are called ___?
agent
The dispersal of dandelion seeds by he wind is an example of _?_ dispersal.
Two sperm cells are required for a seed to form.
The following best explains why plant fertilization is called double fertilization.
Vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem, which are in the wood and bark.
The following statement best explains why the vascular cambium of a woody stem is located between the bark and the wood?
The xylem is located toward the center of the stem
The following statement describe the structure of a herbaceous monocot stem. It is also true about a woody dicot stem.
legume
consists of a pod enclosing several seeds
nut
consists of a seed enclosed in a hard, relatively thick shell; ex: acorns
pome
consists of an outer fleshy layer and an inner papery core
adventitious
special roots that grow from unusual regions of a plant are called:
stigma
1
style
2
incomplete flower
A typical grass flower consists of stamens, pistils, and tiny sepals. It lacks petals but is protected by special bracts. In which of the following categories is such a flower?
pith
A young woody stem stores water in soft, thin-walled cells at its center. what is this storage region called?
grafting
An apple farmer expanding his orchard cuts a dormant branch with several buds on it from a mature apple tree, cutting the branch at an angle. he then cuts off the top of an immature apple tree with good roots, leaving the trunk cut at an angle. finally, he attaches the cut branch to the immature trunk and secures it tightly. what technique is he using?
self-pollination
Certain types of grass plants have flowers that develop underground and never open. Because they cannot be pollinated by other flowers, these flowers must be pollinated through the process of _?_
• In both stems and roots, primary growth (growth in length) takes place at the tip. Growth takes place through the division of meristematic cells and the elongation of cells as they mature. • Primary growth in stems occurs through buds, which contain tiny immature stem structures. Primary growth in roots does not involve buds and takes place at the meristematic region and region of elongation. • Because stems can grow into the air and do not have to push against the resistance of soil, buds can be exposed to the air during the growing season. Because the buds are exposed to the weather, they are covered by protective bud scales during dormant periods ( e.g., winter ), when the tree is not growing. • Because root tips must push against the resistance of soil ( and sometimes rock ) to grow, the tender meristematic tissue at the root tip must be protected by a tough, cone-shaped root cap. The root cap also secretes a substance that allows the root to push through soil more easily.
Essay: Contrast primary growth in the stems and roots of a woody plant. Include an explanation of how stem and root growth structures and methods of growth are well matched to the locations of stems and roots.
phototropism
In some cases, plant seedlings that receive light from only one direction will bend toward the light; this demonstrates the tropism called __?
radical
The part of the seed's embryo that will develop into the root system of the new plant is the _?_
internode
The section of a twig between nodes is called the ______.
rhizome
The spice ginger comes from an underground stem of the ginger plant: new plants form as these thick stems grow horizontally. what type of special stem does the ginger plant have?
An ovary has ripened
This is ALWAYS true when there is a fully developed fruit on a plant
lenticels
What are small openings in a stem's bark that allow the air to enter the stem?
abscission layer
What cuts a fruit from the stem?
rind
What is he tough outer covering of a herbaceous monocot stem?
length of day and night
What is the chief factor determining when a plant flowers?
seed production
What is the primary purpose of flowers?
vegetative reproduction
What is the process of a new plant growing from a root, stem, or a leaf of an existing plant?
sepal
What part of the flower covers and protects the rest of the flower during development?
anther
What part of the flower produces pollen?
spreading branching
What type of branching does the pictured tree exhibit?
chemotropin
Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone?
secondary growth
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that drives the sap stream?
The seeds begins to absorb water
Which steps occurs first in the process of germination?
Stolons have nodes that can produce new roots.
Why are stolons special stems instead of roots?
Salt pulls water out of the roots through osmosis.
Why can high salt content in soil kill plants?
A strawberry grows from a single flower with several pistils.
Why is a strawberry considered an aggregate fruit?
cortex
Within a root, food is stored in the _?_
berry
entire fruit is fleshy and juicy throughout
f/endosperm
modified t/f A developing plant embryo is surrounded and nourished by tissue called polar tissue
true
modified t/f After pollination takes place, the first step in fertilization is the formation of a pollen tube.
true
modified t/f Roots that penetrate the soil deeply with relatively little branching are called taproots
f/heartwood
modified t/f The older, inner wood of a stem that serves only as support for the stem is sapwood
true
modified t/f The structures of a plant embryo that contain stored food to supply the energy needed for sprouting are the cortyledons
f/sexual
modified t/f The type of reproduction in which sperm and egg cells unite is vegetative reproduction.
f/root hairs
modified t/f Tiny, tubelike projections that extend from the epidermal cells of a root to absorb water and minerals are called are fibrous roots.
f/xylem
modified t/f Wood is another name for phloem tissue.
grain
produced by plants of the grass family