Abeka 7th Grade Science Chapter 12

12.4 seed tree method

Harvesting trees that produce wind scattering seeds to help seedlings that need abundant sunlight for proper growth

12.2 vascular phloem tissues

living, inner bark is composed of?

12.5 girdle

Animals eating the band of bark all the way around the trunk.

12.1 douglas-firs

the second tallest trees

12.2 internodes

the spaces in between nodes

12.1 coast redwoods

the tallest trees

12.1 crown

the top portion of a tree. Includes branches and leaves

12.3 Pacific coast forest

Covering 48 million acres of northern California, Oregon, and Washington and parts of Canada and Alaska

12.3 bottomland hardwood forest

American forest region that extends along the Mississippi River

12.2 primary growth

A tree's growth in length

12.1 softwood trees

Another name for gymnosperms. Fir, Latch are examples of this type of tree

Hardwood tree

Broadleaf tree. Angiosperm

12.5 gall-making insects

Cause trees to produce abnormal growths

12.2 Taproots

Large, main roots that go deep into the ground

12.5 wood eating insects

Known as bark beetles and wood boring beetles

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

Carbon source

Object absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment

Aphids

Sap sucking insects

Leaf scar

Scar left when a leaf falls off

bud scale scars

Scars left on a woody stem when the bud scale falls off in the spring

Reforestation

Scientific restoration of forest

Abscission layer

Special cell layer that forms to cut a leaf or fruit from a stem

leaves

The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants.

12.5 Leaf mining insects

Their larvae feed in inner tissues of leaves

12.1 cycads

a unique variety of slow-growing, palm like gymnosperms

spire-like branching

Tree growth that is tall and straight with branches coming from a large central shaft

12.2 cuticle

a waxy protective layer on the leaf that encourages water retention

12.5 leaf chewing insects

Usually caterpillars or beetles which feed on highly nutritious leaves

12.3 forest

a dense collection of trees with a canopy

12.5 crown fires

a fire that moves through the upper portions of trees; these are very difficult to extinguish

shrub

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches

12.3 Southern forest

aka the Southern oak-pine forest. contains may varieties of pine; most heavily managed forest region

12.2 bud

allow the stem to grow in length and produce new branches, flowers, and leaves

12.5 sustained yield management

an intensive forest management system that causes the forest to grow more high quality trees

12.1 ginkgoes

an oriental gymnosperm with short branches and fan shaped leaves that turn bright yellow and fall quickly in autumn

12.1 broadleaf trees

angiosperm trees which reproduce by seeds formed in flowers that have broad and flat leaves. Ash, beech, elm, oak, maple, willows

12.4 carbon sink

any system of object that absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment

12.2 vascular cambium

growth cells that separates the bark layers from the woody tissues of a tree trunk

12.4 block cutting

clearcutting which removes all the trees from relatively small areas

12.2 summerwood

consists of small xylem vessels and is darker

12.3 rocky mountain forest

extends from Canada to Mexico

ground fires

fires that sweep through the forest floor

12.5 surface fires

fires that typically burn only the forest's underbrush and do little damage to mature trees.

secondary forest

forest that has grown back after primary forest has been cut

12.5 prescribed burning

foresters deliberately setting fire to a forest under controlled conditions

12.3 old-growth forests

forests that hack not been influenced by man or used for timber

12.2 terminal bud

found at the end of a twig and allows the stem to grow in length

12.3 tropical forest

found in Mexico, Central America and southeastern texas

12.2 springwood

made of large xylem vessels and light in color

wood

main tissue of the trunk

12.1 gymnosperm

non-flowering seed plants

12.2 lateral buds

on the sides of the twig and allow the stem to "branch out"

12.5 sap sucking insects

pierced stems and drink sap. Reduces tree growth or weakens the tree. Also spreads diseases between trees. Aphids

12.2 carotene

produces orange

12.2 anthocyanin

produces purple red and blue

12.2 Xanthophyll

produces yellow

12.4 Tree harvesting

removing trees from the forrest for human use

12.2 lenticels

small pores that allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration

12.3 forester

someone who studies forestry

Pith

the essential or central part of a stem

12.2 heartwood

the hard, inactive dead wood is called?

12.1 conifers

the most common gymnosperms; are named after their cone shaped reproductive structures. Pine, hemlock, spruce, redwood

12.3 tree line

the northern and southern limit at which trees grow

12.1 bristlecone pines

the oldest known organisms

12.2 node

the place on the stem that leaves grow out of

12.3 forestry

the science of managing and studying forests

12.2 terminal

tree grow in length only from their _________ area

12.4 selection cutting

used for trees that grow well in partial shade

12.4 shelterwood

uses 3 basic cutting spread over a 10-15 year period

12.4 Clearcutting

when all the trees from a designated area are harvested at once