Abeka 7th Grade Science Chapter 12
12.4 seed tree method
Harvesting trees that produce wind scattering seeds to help seedlings that need abundant sunlight for proper growth
12.2 vascular phloem tissues
living, inner bark is composed of?
12.5 girdle
Animals eating the band of bark all the way around the trunk.
12.1 douglas-firs
the second tallest trees
12.2 internodes
the spaces in between nodes
12.1 coast redwoods
the tallest trees
12.1 crown
the top portion of a tree. Includes branches and leaves
12.3 Pacific coast forest
Covering 48 million acres of northern California, Oregon, and Washington and parts of Canada and Alaska
12.3 bottomland hardwood forest
American forest region that extends along the Mississippi River
12.2 primary growth
A tree's growth in length
12.1 softwood trees
Another name for gymnosperms. Fir, Latch are examples of this type of tree
Hardwood tree
Broadleaf tree. Angiosperm
12.5 gall-making insects
Cause trees to produce abnormal growths
12.2 Taproots
Large, main roots that go deep into the ground
12.5 wood eating insects
Known as bark beetles and wood boring beetles
Phloem
Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant
Carbon source
Object absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment
Aphids
Sap sucking insects
Leaf scar
Scar left when a leaf falls off
bud scale scars
Scars left on a woody stem when the bud scale falls off in the spring
Reforestation
Scientific restoration of forest
Abscission layer
Special cell layer that forms to cut a leaf or fruit from a stem
leaves
The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants.
12.5 Leaf mining insects
Their larvae feed in inner tissues of leaves
12.1 cycads
a unique variety of slow-growing, palm like gymnosperms
spire-like branching
Tree growth that is tall and straight with branches coming from a large central shaft
12.2 cuticle
a waxy protective layer on the leaf that encourages water retention
12.5 leaf chewing insects
Usually caterpillars or beetles which feed on highly nutritious leaves
12.3 forest
a dense collection of trees with a canopy
12.5 crown fires
a fire that moves through the upper portions of trees; these are very difficult to extinguish
shrub
a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches
12.3 Southern forest
aka the Southern oak-pine forest. contains may varieties of pine; most heavily managed forest region
12.2 bud
allow the stem to grow in length and produce new branches, flowers, and leaves
12.5 sustained yield management
an intensive forest management system that causes the forest to grow more high quality trees
12.1 ginkgoes
an oriental gymnosperm with short branches and fan shaped leaves that turn bright yellow and fall quickly in autumn
12.1 broadleaf trees
angiosperm trees which reproduce by seeds formed in flowers that have broad and flat leaves. Ash, beech, elm, oak, maple, willows
12.4 carbon sink
any system of object that absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment
12.2 vascular cambium
growth cells that separates the bark layers from the woody tissues of a tree trunk
12.4 block cutting
clearcutting which removes all the trees from relatively small areas
12.2 summerwood
consists of small xylem vessels and is darker
12.3 rocky mountain forest
extends from Canada to Mexico
ground fires
fires that sweep through the forest floor
12.5 surface fires
fires that typically burn only the forest's underbrush and do little damage to mature trees.
secondary forest
forest that has grown back after primary forest has been cut
12.5 prescribed burning
foresters deliberately setting fire to a forest under controlled conditions
12.3 old-growth forests
forests that hack not been influenced by man or used for timber
12.2 terminal bud
found at the end of a twig and allows the stem to grow in length
12.3 tropical forest
found in Mexico, Central America and southeastern texas
12.2 springwood
made of large xylem vessels and light in color
wood
main tissue of the trunk
12.1 gymnosperm
non-flowering seed plants
12.2 lateral buds
on the sides of the twig and allow the stem to "branch out"
12.5 sap sucking insects
pierced stems and drink sap. Reduces tree growth or weakens the tree. Also spreads diseases between trees. Aphids
12.2 carotene
produces orange
12.2 anthocyanin
produces purple red and blue
12.2 Xanthophyll
produces yellow
12.4 Tree harvesting
removing trees from the forrest for human use
12.2 lenticels
small pores that allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration
12.3 forester
someone who studies forestry
Pith
the essential or central part of a stem
12.2 heartwood
the hard, inactive dead wood is called?
12.1 conifers
the most common gymnosperms; are named after their cone shaped reproductive structures. Pine, hemlock, spruce, redwood
12.3 tree line
the northern and southern limit at which trees grow
12.1 bristlecone pines
the oldest known organisms
12.2 node
the place on the stem that leaves grow out of
12.3 forestry
the science of managing and studying forests
12.2 terminal
tree grow in length only from their _________ area
12.4 selection cutting
used for trees that grow well in partial shade
12.4 shelterwood
uses 3 basic cutting spread over a 10-15 year period
12.4 Clearcutting
when all the trees from a designated area are harvested at once