Abnormal Psy -Chapter 10

60. Cognitive impairments include all of the following EXCEPT A. impaired visual, memory, and verbal learning. B. decreased speed of information processing. C. .impaired abstract reasoning and executive functioning. D. decreased loudness of speech.

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14. The finding that genetically identical twins are not 100% concordant for schizophrenia strongly implies that: A. A uniquely genetic etiology for schizophrenia is unlikely B. Environmental factors must be the cause of schizophrenia spectrum disorders C. Family conflict cannot cause schizophrenia because twins are usually raised in the same family environment D. Mothers must unconsciously treat twins differently, which leads to vulnerability to schizophrenia.

A. A uniquely genetic etiology for schizophrenia is unlikely

13. Individual diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder might be considered to have: A. Both schizophrenia and a depressive disorder B. Only the negative symptoms of schizophrenia plus a mood disorder C. A nonpsychotic mood disorder D. A brief psychotic disorder

A. Both schizophrenia and a depressive disorder

83. Scientists have proposed various neurochemical theories to account for the etiology of schizophrenia. The most influential theory is known as the _______ A. Dopamine hyposthesis B. Epinephrine theory C. Serotonin reaction D. Frontal lobe theory

A. Dopamine hyposthesis

2. The psychiatrist who introduced the term dementia praecox was A. Emil kraepelin B. Benjamin rush C. Eugen bleuler D. Philippe pine

A. Emil kraepelin

16. High levels of emotional involvement, intrusiveness and critical attitudes among family members of people with schizophrenia may negatively affect treatment outcome. This theory is know as: A. Expressed emotion B. Emotional scapegoating C. Family enmeshment D. Emotional stigmatization

A. Expressed emotion

85. Decreased amounts of ____________ and ____________ are thought to be contributing factors in the development of the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia. A. GABA, glutamate B. serotonin, dopamine C. dopamine, glutamate D. glutamate, serotonin

A. GABA, glutamate

82. As the degree of genetic similarity increases between an individual and a schizophrenic patient, the risk of developing schizophrenia for that person _______. A. Increase B. Remains constant C. Is zero D. Decrease

A. Increase

10. in one prospective study, Danish youth were videotaped in a school cafeteria when they were 11 to 13 years old. Twenty nine years later, as adults, some of these individuals had developed schizophrenia. As children, the adults who developed the disorder were: A. Less social and exhibited subtle neuromotor abnormalities B. Eccentric or odd, but without delusion or hallucinations C. Showing early signs of split personality D. Not different from the other children.

A. Less social and exhibited subtle neuromotor abnormalities

3. Persecutory delusions, auditory hallucination, and unusual behaviors are examples: A. Positive symptoms B. Cognitive deficits C. Negative symptoms D. Catatonia

A. Positive symptoms

19. When patients and their families learn about schizophrenia in order to recude family distress and help the patient cope, the process is knows as: A. Psychoeducation B. Cognitive -behavior therapy C. Social skills training D. Psychotherapy

A. Psychoeducation

95. In substance abuse treatment, the technique of stimulus avoidance aims at reducing A. Relapse rates B. Episodes of binge drinking C. Drug use among young adolescents D. Prescription drug abuse

A. Relapse rates

70. What is the major weakness of second generation antipsychotics? A. They cause weight gain B. They are not as effective in treating positive symptoms. C. They produce several unpleasant motor side effects. D. They are not as effective in treating disorganized symptoms.

A. They cause weight gain

72. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia A. are one of the earliest signs of schizophrenia. B. tend to be rather short term. C. can be diagnosed only through medical tests. D. are only present in the residual phase

A. are one of the earliest signs of schizophrenia.

23. Sophie had been exhibiting delusions and hallucinations for 17 days. Right before the onset of the psychotic symptoms, her father passed away. Currently, her symptoms seem to have disappeared and she has returned to normal functioning. What psychotic disorder is Sophie exhibiting? A. Brief psychotic disorder B. Delucsional disorder C. Schizoaffective disorder D. Active schizophrenia

A. brief psychotic disorder

92. Schizotypal patients often are socially detached. What other traits are typically emphasized in a diagnosis of this disorder? A. eccentricity and cognitive or perceptual distortions B. avoidance of real or imagined abandonment C. inappropriate and intense anger D. clingy and manipulative behaviors

A. eccentricity and cognitive or perceptual distortions

100. When a person provides both the genetic makeup and the environment in which another person lives, it is called A. gene-environment correlation. B. indirect transmission. C. direct transmission. D. concordance rate.

A. gene-environment correlation.

89. What are fundamental personality traits that play a role in borderline personality disorder? A. impulsivity and neuroticism B. little regard for others and a lack of empathy C. strange speech and unusual affect D. social withdrawal, odd behavior and paranoia

A. impulsivity and neuroticism

37. MRI studies have demonstrated that changes in ventricle size and gray matter quantity among people with schizophrenia A. occur before the emergence of the disorder. B. always lead to the development of the disorder. C. .never lead to the development of the disorder. D. occur as a result of the disorder.

A. occur before the emergence of the disorder

57. In monozygotic twins, the average concordance rate for schizophrenia is about __ A. 50% B. 10% C. 5% D. 25%

A.50%

59. Assertive community therapy (ACT) is best described as _______ A. an intensive outpatient combination of psychological treatments and medication B. an intense, short-term drug therapy program, designed to find the best combination of medication C. long-term institution care which often involves the use of token economies and other behavioral learning techniques D. a support program for the family members of schizophrenic patients

A.an intensive outpatient combination of psychological treatments and medication

62. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia A. are one of the earliest signs of schizophrenia. B. tend to be rather short term. C. can be diagnosed only through medical tests. D. are only present in the residual phase.

A.are one of the earliest signs of schizophrenia.

78. In schizophrenics, hallucinations are usually _______ in content A. Auditory B. Olfactory C. Global D. Gustatory

A.auditory

26. Nicole, a 23-year old graduate student, is convinced that she contracted mad cow disease while studying in Great Britain. She has seen many doctors, including neurologists, who all confirm that she is healthy. Despite their reassurances, Nicole continues to believe that she is ill and plans to continue her "doctor shopping" until she is diagnosed with the disease. Nicole does not report any disruptions in her academic, social, or work life. Given this information, Nicole's diagnosis would be A. Delusional disorder B. shared psychotic disorder C. schizoaffective disorder. D. schizophreniform disorder

A.delusional disorder.

46. An older woman frantically calls the State Attorney's Office to report someone trying to "control" her by broadcasting messages through her television. Highly agitated, she requests a thorough investigation. The content of this call typifies A. Delusions of influence B. Hallucianations of influence C. Thought withdrawal D. Consciousness withdrawal

A.delusions of influence.

24. What neurotransmitter is hypothesized to play a significant role in schizophrenia A. Dopamine B. Epinephrine C. Norepinephrine D. Serotonin

A.dopamine

48. Excessive amounts of ____________ in the limbic area are thought to be one of the contributing factors in the development of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. A. Dopamine B. Serotonin C. GABA D. Glutamate

A.dopamine

45. The risk for developing schizophrenia is much higher among _______ of patients. A. A first-degree relatives B. Cousin C. Spouses D. Second-degree relatives

A.first-degree relatives

50. Gloria, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is experiencing delusions that are both persecutory and frightening in nature. Her symptoms would indicate she is_____ A. Having paranoid delusions B. Having visual hallucination C. Having somatic delusions D. Catatonic

A.having paranoid delusions.

76. Particular characteristics that are _______ in a person with schizophrenia are negative symptoms. A. Lacking B. Exaggerated C. Reversed D. Excessive

A.lacking

51. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are also called ___ A. Psychotic symptoms B. Disorganized symptoms C. Lovely symptoms D. Negative symptoms

A.psychotic symptoms

42. Relatives of patients with schizophrenia, although not themselves diagnosed with the disorder, are often found to have A. traits associated with schizophrenia, such as poor social cognition. B. a history of prenatal abnormality C. cultural beliefs that schizophrenic behaviors are acceptable. D. a dominant, overprotective personality.

A.traits associated with schizophrenia, such as poor social cognition.

9. African Americans are more likely to be given a diagnosis of schizophrenia because: A. They are more likely than white people to suffer from the disorder B. Clinician bias leads to misinterpretation of symptoms C. They more often report episodes of sleep paralysis, which is associated with the disorder. D. All of the above

B. Clinician bias leads to misinterpretation of symptoms

31. When a person is under the age of 18 years and is diagnosed with schizophrenia, the disorder is called A. Childhood- induced schizophrenia B. Early-oneset schizophrenia C. Pre-adult schizophrenia D. Adolescence-induced schizophrenia

B. Early-oneset schizophrenia

18. One of the greatest challenges to effective pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia is: A. Correct diagnosis of the condition in the first place B. Medication noncompliance C. Provision of the correct medication, typically an atypical antipscuhotic D. All of the above

B. Medication noncompliance

66. One symptom of schizophrenia is the ability to be "posed" in a certain position by another person and remaining in that position until "reposed." This symptom is called A. Psychomotor retardation B. Waxy flexibility C. Loose association D. Echolialia

B. Waxy flexibility

84. Medications developed in the 1990s that are effective in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and somewhat effective in treating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments are called A. dopamine agonists. B. atypical antipsychotics. C. typical antipsychotics. D. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

B. atypical antipsychotics

86. Most studies have found that schizophrenic patients who receive family treatment plus medication A. have higher relapse rates than those who receive one or the other B. have lower relapse rates than those who receive one or the other C. have relapse rates similar to those who receive medication alone D. demonstrate no relapse behaviors

B. have lower relapse rates than those who receive one or the other

99. Low levels of ____________ and ____________ are thought to be contributing factors in the development of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A. GABA, glutamate B. serotonin, dopamine C. dopamine, glutamate D. glutamate, serotonin

B. serotonin, dopamine

63. James, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, believes he is being controlled by others through a radio that has been inserted into his brain. James is exhibiting which type of symptoms A. residual B. influence C. catatonic D. olfactory

B.Influence

74. James, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, believes he is being controlled by others through a radio that has been inserted into his brain. James is exhibiting which type of symptoms? A. Residual B. Influence C. Catatonic D. Olfactory

B.Influence

47. The patient can find no pleasure in food, music or relationships. She appears to have no hobbies or interests. A psychologist would classify this behavior as typical of ____ A. Avolition B. Anhedonia C. Alogia D. A maladaptive relationship

B.anhedonia

80. Of the following, which personality disorder has the highest rate of recovery A. schizoid personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. .antisocial personality disorder D. schizotypal disorder

B.borderline personality disorder

30. A component or trait which indicates a vulnerability to a particular disorder is known as a(n) _______ A. Genotype B. Endophenotype C. Phenotype D. Prototype

B.endophenotype

27. In ____________ disorder patients exhibit symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. A. Shared psychotic B. Schizoaffective C. Delusional D. Schizophreniform

B.schizoaffective

79. Social skills training has been demonstrated to improve the ______ of persons suffering from schizophrenia despite the chronicity of the disorder. A. Delusional symptoms B. Social functioning C. Achievement motivation D. Aggressive tendencies

B.social functioning

77. Although many advances have occurred in the treatment of schizophrenia, A. few treatments, if any, are effective for the positive symptoms. B. the long-term outcome for patients is still quite poor. C. treatments discovered in the 1960's are still the most effective. D. treatments must be applied within the first few days of the disorder if there is any hope for them to be effective at all.

B.the long-term outcome for patients is still quite poor.

90. Given the effects of brain maturation on the course of personality maturity, children are not often diagnosed with personality disorders before the age of ___ A. 5 B. 15 C. 18 D. 10

C. 18

6. The third category of schizophrenia symptoms is cognitive impairment, which includes: A. Delusions and hallucinations B. Personality and affect splits C. Attention and memory deficits D. Anhedonia and avoliition deficits

C. Attention and memory deficits

65. The inability to make or follow through on plans is called A. Affective flattening B. Alogia C. Avolition D. Anhedonia

C. Avolition

36. This negative symptom is one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia. A. Paranoia B. Grandiose delusions C. Blunted affect D. Hallucinations

C. Blunted affect

71. Julie's younger sister died suddenly from an undiagnosed heart defect. The next day, Julie fell into a trance-like state. Two days later, Julie became reanimated and began experiencing auditory hallucinations. Concerned for her well-being, Julie's family took her to the local hospital. After a week of inpatient care, Julie started acting like her old self again. Given this information, Julie's diagnosis would be A. Delusional disorder B. Schizoaffective disorder C. Brief psychotic disorder D. Schizophreniform disorder

C. Brief psychotic disorder

7. Richard has schizophrenia, At times, he maintains a rigid posture and is unresponsive to vocal commands. At other times, he repeats what other people say to him. Which subtype of schizophrenia does Richard most likely have ? A. Paranoid B. Undifferentiated C. Catatonic D. Disorganized

C. Catatonic

4. Frank has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When his case man-ager asked what time he went to bed last night, he said," 2 clock frick frock tick tok, and I wont be wearing a mock" A. Loose association B. Thought blocking C. Clang association D. Alogia

C. Clang association

11. Schizophrenia usually begins at what stage of life: A. Early childhood B. Middle childhood C. Early adulthood D. Early middle age

C. Early adulthood

5. Blunted affect, anhedonia,avolition, and psychomotor retardation are examples of: A. Positive symptoms B. Cognitive deficits C. Negative symptoms D. Catatonia

C. Negative symptoms

94. Focusing on the role of early parental interactions in the formation of personality traits and disorders is a key concept of the ____________ perspective. A. Behavior B. Biospychosocial C. Psychodynamic D. Cognitive-behavioral

C. Psychodynamic

20. Training that teaches nonverbal skills such as eyes contact, vocal tone, voice volume, and verbal skills such as initiating and maintaining conversations, expressing feelings, and acting assertively, is called: A. Psychoeducation B. Cognitive-behavior therapy C. Social skills training D. Psychotherapy.

C. Social skills training

96. The viewpoint espoused by Alcoholics Anonymous is fundamentally _______ in nature. A. Clinical B. Cognitive C. Spiritual D. Physical

C. Spiritual

91. Structurally, volume abnormalities in the ____________ lobe are found in patients with schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. A. Frontal B. Parietal C. Temporal D. Occipital

C. Temporal

17. Mano has schizophrenia and has developed some unusual movements and tics in his face, mouth, and hands, This condiciton, called tardive dyskinesia, is caused by A. Exposure to the influenza virus in utero B. High EE in a patient's family C. Treatment with typical antippychotic drugs D. A lowering of the white blood cell count.

C. Treatment with typical antippychotic drugs

39. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT A. psychomotor retardation B. blunted affect C. hearing voices D. anhedonia

C. hearing voices

35. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEP A. hallucinations B. bizarre behavior C. psychomotor retardation D. delusions

C. psychomotor retardation

75. ______ are defined by an absence of a particular response. A. Disorganized symptoms B. Positive symptoms C. Negavtive symptoms D. Delusional symptoms

C.Negative symptoms

28. Antipsychotic medications act by _______ A. Decreasing norepinephrine output B. Increasing serotonin production C. Blocking dopamine receptors D. Enhancing acetylcholine acvitiy

C.blocking dopamine receptors

22. Idiosyncratic beliefs that are held despite their preposterousness are _______. A. Negative symptoms B. Hallucinations C. Delucsions D. Disorganized symtoms

C.delusions

53. The two structural brain abnormalities that are consistently found in schizophrenics are A. decreased size of brain ventricles and decreased amounts of gray matter. B. increased size of brain ventricles and increased amounts of gray matter. C. increased size of brain ventricles and decreased amounts of gray matter. D. .decreased size of brain ventricles and increased amounts of gray matter.

C.increased size of brain ventricles and decreased amounts of gray matter.

56. The term "expressed emotion" is used to describe the ________ and _____ found among family members of persons with schizophrenic disorder. A. .degree of attachment; tolerant attitudes B. frequency of positive statements; defensive behaviors C. .level of emotional involvement; critical attitudes D. frequency of negative comments; approach behaviors

C.level of emotional involvement; critical attitudes

54. The treatment of choice for schizophrenia is A. Surgery B. Cognitive-behavior therapy C. Medication D. Dialectal-behavioral therapy

C.medication.

61. Review the risk factors of the following individuals. Who is most likely to develop schizophrenia due to genetic similarities A. children of the patient B. siblings of the patient C. monozygotic twins (one of whom is the patient) D. dyzygotic twins (one of whom is the patient)

C.monozygotic twins (one of whom is the patient)

58. The most obvious and troublesome negative side effects of antipsychotic drugs are those involving A. Taste and digestion B. Vision C. Motor skills D. Language skills

C.motor skills

52. Patrice's family reported that her personality seemed to change. She muttered aloud to herself, was prone to angry outbursts and was generally restless. Patrice was in which phase of schizophrenia A. Residual B. Active C. Prodromal D. Mutual

C.prodromal

81. Family and twin research studies have shown that personality disorders and traits A. are the result of a single gene being responsible for the development of a single trait B. are the result of some unknown outside variable that has yet to be discovered. C. run in families and are influenced primarily by genetic factors. D. are solely caused by environmental factors.

C.run in families and are influenced primarily by genetic factors.

29. The view that schizophrenic patients tend to drift into the lowest social classes is known as the ____ A. Environmental causion hypothesis B. Biologycal causes hypothesis C. Social selection hypothesis D. Social factors hypothesis

C.social selection hypothesis

40. Jia has been on antipsychotic medications for a long time and has developed spasmodic movements of the limbs and trunk of the body. She also has trouble controlling her lips and tongue. Jia's symptoms are known as _______. A. Motor trophy B. Tourette's syndrome C. Tardive dyskinesia D. Atypical dysplasia

C.tardive dyskinesia

43. What is anhedonia in schizophrenic patients A. strong feelings of ambivalence B. a lack of emotional response C. the inability to experience pleasure D. severe speech disturbance

C.the inability to experience pleasure

41. Regardless of their original status, many schizophrenic patients eventually drift into the lowest social classes, a phenomenon referred to as _____ A. Unsocial connectivity theory B. The hopeless hypothesis C. The cosical selection hypothesis D. Environment causation theory

C.the social selection hypothesis

87. Compared with people who do not have schizophrenia, synaptic pruning occurs ________ in people who do have the disorder. A. At slower rate B. Irregularly C. At the same rate D. At a faster rate

D. At a faster rate

93. When a patient's symptoms include a pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and impulsivity, they most likely have ____________ personality disorder. A. Narcissistic B. Antisocial C. Histrionic D. Borderline

D. Borderline

12. Shortly after the police told Lucinda that her 12 years old daughter ahd been killed by a hit and run divers, she went into a catatonic state. A few hours later she began to hear voice, and her speech became disorganized. She said that an angel had come to visit her. These symptoms stopped after several days. Lucinda was suffering from A. Catatonic schizophrenia B. Residual schizophrenia C. Schizophrenia form disorder D. Brief psychotic disorder

D. Brief psychotic disorder

32. When medication is not entirely effective in treating psychotic symptoms, it may be supplemented with A. Dialectal-behavioral therapy B. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy C. Psychotherapy D. Coginive-behavioral therapy

D. Coginive-behavioral therapy

68. Celebrity stalkers who are diagnosed with delusional disorder often experience delusions with a/an ____________ theme. A. Persecutory B. Grandiose C. Jealous D. Erotomanic

D. Erotomanic

15. Among possible prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia, one of the most thoroughly investigated is A. Genital or reproductive infections B. Nutritional deprivation during early gestation C. Severe prenatal maternal stress D. Maternal exposure to the influenza virus

D. Maternal exposure to the influenza virus

67. People diagnosed with schizophrenia have A. Both split and multiple personalities B. Multiple personalities but not split personalities C. Split personalities but not multiple personalities D. Neither split nor multiple personalities

D. Neither split nor multiple personalities

33. The____________ hypothesis is a theory that attempts to explain how drugs and/or alcohol can be used in an attempt to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia. A. Substance abuse B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. Self-medication

D. Self-medication

8. People with schizophrenia who live in developing countries have a better outcome than do people in developed countries because: A. The United States ranks 39th in mental health service provision worldwide B. The chronic nature of schizophrenia is relatively unknown in developing contries C. Alternative fold medicine is as effective as modern medical methods D. Smaller communities and less complex environments offer these people increased social support.

D. Smaller communities and less complex environments offer these people increased social support

88. Janice came to her local hospital tonight because she feels beetles crawling around inside her body. With the exception of numerous scratch marks, no medical abnormalities were found. Janice remains convinced that she is infested with beetles. What type of hallucinations is she experiencing? A. Olfactory B. Gustatory C. Visual D. Somatic

D. Somatic

1. Psychotic experiences are characteristic of schizophrenia, but they also occur in people with other disorders. Of the following, they are least likely to occur in people with A. Brain tumors B. Mood disorders C. Substance use disorder D. Specific phobias

D. Specific phobias

69. Negative symptoms refer to the A. presence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are absent in people who do not have a psychiatric illness B. set of behaviors that are most associated with schizophrenia and include delusions, hallucinations, and speech abnormalities C. set of behaviors that are least associated with schizophrenia and include a short attention span, the inability to solve problems and make decisions, and difficulty processing information. D. absence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are present in people who do not have a psychiatric illness.

D. absence of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are present in people who do not have a psychiatric illness

97. Despite the fact that hallucinogens are not physically addictive and do not produce the classic withdrawal symptoms, their use may result in A. transformative religious experiences in later years. B. a strong psychological addiction that persists for years. C. altered perception suicide disorder D. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.

D. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.

98. A catatonic state in a schizophrenic patient most often refers to ________ and can also refer to A. muscle rigidity; compulsions B. excitement; obsessions C. immobility; compulsions D. muscle rigidity; waxy flexibility

D. muscle rigidity; waxy flexibility

34. When schizophrenia is diagnosed in childhood, A. patients who receive adequate treatment usually improve in adolescence. B. the disorder is usually linked to family environment. C. drug treatments is always effective. D. the disorder is more severe and has a poorer outcome.

D. the disorder is more severe and has a poorer outcome.

38. A noninvasive technique has been developed to treat the symptoms of several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. This treatment, which stimulates neurons in specific brain regions with a magnetic current, is called ___________ A. nuclear magnetic stimulation (NMS) B. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

D. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

49. Lois, a resident at a group home for people with schizophrenia, refuses to eat food or take her medications because she believes the staff is poisoning her. What type of delusions is Lois experiencing A. Influence B. Self-significance C. Somatic D. Presuctuion or paranoid

D..Persecution or paranoid

64. All of the following psychological disorders commonly co-occur with schizophrenia. Which is the most common? A. Anxiety B. PTSD C. Depression D. Susbatance abuse

D.Substance abuse

73. All of the following psychological disorders commonly co-occur with schizophrenia. Which is the most common? A. Anxiety B. PTSD C. Depression D. Substance abuse

D.Substance abuse

What is tardive dyskinesia? A. Inappropriate vocal utterances accompanies by verbal tics B. Uncontrolled , angry outbursts and inappropriate social behaviors C. Language difficulties D. Abnormal involuntary movements of the mouth an face, and spasmodic movements of limbs and trunk.

D.abnormal involuntary movements of the mouth and face, and spasmodic movements of limbs and trunk

25. Hallucinations that involve the sense of taste are called A. Olfactory B. Auditory C. Visual D. Gustatory

D.gustatory.

55. An important investigative area for the etiology of schizophrenia involves the potential role of _______ and being born during ______ A. Mosquito bite infections, summer months B. Exposure to light, spring months C. Exposure to mold, fall months D. Viral infections, winter months.

D.viral infections; winter months

44. Social scientists found that the highest prevalence of schizophrenia was found in neighborhoods : A. ocated by power lines B. with the highest numbers of male children C. with the lowest numbers of non-English speaking resident D. with the lowest socioeconomic status

D.with the lowest socioeconomic status