Abnormal Psych exam 2

Which of the following pharmacological treatments have shown to considerably reduce the frequency and intensity of both deviant sexual arousal and behavior?

Antiandrogens

Illness anxiety disorder can best be explained as

A mental health condition in which a person greatly fears having a serious medical condition despite not having the symptoms of one

Which of the following are some symptoms of dissociation?

Amnesia, fugue, depersonalization, and derealization

James's parents noticed that from an early age he was always a picky eater. At age 15, his diet is still limited and consists mostly of dried and packaged snacks. His favorite foods have a similar texture: crunchy and dry. James can eat potato chips, pretzels, breadsticks, fries, and must be brand name snacks. He prefers the classic finger foods. What eating disorder does James have?

ARFID

Beth has been worried lately after taking an Introductory Psychology class and finding out about psychological disorders. Beth disclosed that her worry is the fact that both her parents have been depressed in the past and her mom also suffers from anxiety. During a lecture, Beth's professor disclosed that there could be up to a 50% chance of children of parents that suffer from anxiety and/or depression. Which perspective would focus on this example of depression and anxiety?

Biological

Malike has been showing impulsive behavior for the past 48 hours and has not slept at all. Malike decides all of a sudden to clean out his bank account and fly to Las Vegas with $20,000 in cash to gamble with, as he feels good that he is going to win it big by gambling. These characteristics shown by Malike are associated with which disorder?

Bipolar 1

What is a key distinction between bulimia and binge eating disorder?

BED does not include purging behavior.

A common and effective therapy for children with developmental disabilities who also have pica is:

Behavior-based treatment

Jack is a 19-year-old artist. About once per year, he has a period of several days where he feels on top of the world, like he can do anything. During these times, he needs very little sleep--he can feel energized after only 2 or 3 hours of sleep. He frantically paints during these times and feels exceptionally creative. People who know him tell him that he is not acting like his usual self, and they also notice that he is much more talkative than usual. He spends all his time painting and neglects his work.

Bipolar Disorder

Considering the information about Ashlynn and her symptoms, which of the following mood disorders does she likely have?

Bipolar one

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

Both that it occurs later in the night and accounts for about 20 to 55% of our total sleep time

Sharnice has been trying to quit smoking for several years without success. Which pharmaceutical may help her quit?

Bupropion and Varenicline

Over-the-counter ________ poses a risk for abuse because of the way it mimics the body's natural pain-reducing ________.

Codeine; opioids

Roger had used cocaine for over ten years with moderate use. Roger moved to a new city and decided it was time to kick his habit, but found that he was struggling with anxiety, exhaustion, and irritability. At first, he attributed this all to his move, but in talking with the doctor, Roger realized that he has signs of

Cocaine withdrawal

Some common treatments for somatic symptom disorders include:

CBT, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and stress management

Jacob has been using cannabis for about five years. Jacob uses at least once a day, sometimes even more depending on his mood. However, recently Jacob has had to curtail his cannabis use due to having panic attacks much of the time after use. Jacob went to the doctor and discussed what was going on. He was then diagnosed with which of the following?

Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder

________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.

Cataplexy

Francesca wants to stop abusing inhalants and has sought medical help. Her counselor helps her understand how her patterns of thought lead her to inhale in the first place and how that is connected to her drug abuse. Which of the following approaches is her therapist likely using?

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Tina has shown over the past year irritability as well as anger and lack of remorse for hurting her older sister. Tina also tends to be premeditated with the hurting of her sister when she is having tantrum outbursts as well. Tina also shows similar behavior at daycare that she attends 4-5 days a week. Tina has created a problematic dynamic at home with her parents very stressed and worried that the current behavior will not stop as she ages. What can Tina's parents do that would be most beneficial to her long term?

Cognitive-behavioral intervention

Kellen has been treated with antidepressants for moderate depression for over 20 years, however recently he has noticed fits of anxiety and sometimes rage and anger. Over ten years ago, Kellen was upped to the max dosage of the antidepressant peroxitine and was curious as to what he should do about his recent rage and anger fits. What should Kellen do in relation to this situation?

Consult a physician about changing medications

Which category of internet offenders uses online grooming - persuading a youngster to have sex, online and/or offline with an adult?

Contact-driven

Which selection below best describes the sleep-dissociation model?

Current and past research has shown strong correlations between dissociative symptoms, such as absorption, derealization, and depersonalization, and sleep disruptions. It's thought that sleep problems may be underlying cause for dissociative disorders and that childhood trauma may be part of the reason for the sleep disorders

Jessica has felt "off" for just over the past two years. Jessica has said at times she has felt normal, but the normalcy only lasted for around a month and a half and then she felt either depressed or acted mild to moderately impulsive. Jessica is not sure what is going on and she added that she has not abused drugs or alcohol during this period of time, because she was unsure how she would react to substances. What could Jessica be treated for based on this background information?

Cyclothymic Disorder

________ is an episode in which you might believe your thoughts and feelings are not your own; you may feel robotic, lacking lack control over movement and speech; whereas ________ is an episode in which you may feel as if you're in a fog or a dream, or that the surrounding world isn't unreal.

Depersonalization and derealization

The ______ model is often accepted as a cause major depressive disorder, with a stressful experience triggering those who may be biologically or genetically vulnerable.

Diathesis-stress

Dissociative identity disorder is best described as

Different personalities

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of

Dopamine

Beth recently went to her physician and was asked about any recreational drug use, which she admitted an illegal narcotic for a period of two years in her past. Beth disclosed that she was having issues with attention, as well as some level of memory recall and decision-making. The doctor asked Beth to make sure there were no issues, the doctor recommended an electroencephalogram (EEG). Beth agreed to the EEG and they found five holes in her brain. This result would be associated with which of the following substances?

Ecstasy

Which of the following scenarios involves a patient who is most likely to be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder?

Felix has had chronic pain since adolescence. He feels various cramps or unexplained muscle twitching but his family has told him that "it's all in his head." Now that he's an adult, he started working with doctors to find the cause of these problems. He takes the maximum sick days each year and despite consistent negative lab results and the reassurance of his physicians that nothing is physically wrong, he has begun to distrust the medical system and spends hundreds of dollars on every alternative medicine he can find, but to no avail. This has furthered his spiral into depression, having significant impact on work and social life.

Sonja is interested in sexual activity and has no problem becoming sexually aroused. However, despite sexual stimulation during intercourse, she cannot achieve orgasm. Which of the following sexual dysfunctions is Sonja experiencing?

Female orgasmic disorder

A patient with ________ disorder describes someone who deliberately feigns illness, trying to convince others that they need medical attention for themselves or someone in their care; whereas a patient with ________ disorder experiences physical/neurological symptoms such as numbness, paralysis, temporary blindness, seizures, etc, that are triggered by a psychological trauma.

Fictitious; conversion

The treatment techniques for sexual dysfunction developed by Masters and Johnson are designed to

Focus on an individual's own sensory perceptions and sensuality

If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then they could be classified as experiencing

Gender dysphoria

Jake is a 4-year-old boy who expresses a preference for opposite sex-typical toys. He has a great dislike of his own penis and verbalizes this to his parents. He doesn't like playing with other boys at the playground and seems to have a strong preference for girl playmates. Even though he is young, Jake is showing signs of

Gender dysphoria

Gender identity development has mostly been described from the viewpoint of cognitive and social learning theories, which argue that human beings are active constructors of gender schemas, in continuous interaction with all EXCEPT which of the following?

Genetic heredity

According to the DSM-5, there are two main depressive symptoms-a depressed mood or loss of _____ in activities and at least one of these symptoms and five total symptoms must frequently occur for more than _____ weeks.

Interest and two

Which drug classification is cannabis most associated with?

Hallucinogens

A/an________ affects the CNS and leads to dizziness, nausea, and eventually a loss of consciousness.

High dose of alcohol (BAC 0.25% to 0.50%)

Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring l months.

Higher and lower

Deitrick suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness, but does not have hallucinations or cataplexy. What sleep disorder does he suffer from?

Hypersomnia

Jill had been having trouble sleeping for the last two months. She was constantly tired at work and was not productive to her capacity. Jill decided to go to the doctor for treatment for her sleep loss. She was prescribed a sleep medication, which helped, but she soon found herself reliant on the substance to fall asleep each night. Which of the following types of medications was Jill likely prescribed?

Hypnotic

The ________ play a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.

Hypothalamus and thalamus

James has been using heroin for approximately one month, and decided that he needed to get help, as if not, he feared that the substance addiction would get progressively worse. James decided to go to rehab to make sure he was taken care of. Initially, he suffered withdrawal symptoms of the substance. Which of the following would NOT be a withdrawal symptom of an opioid addiction that James might have experienced?

Increased appetite

Karen is a retired nurse who used to work night shifts who has difficulty falling asleep at night over the last year. She regularly consumed caffeine across the day and became accustomed to leaving the TV on while getting ready for bed. What sleep disorder does Karen have?

Insomnia

John has drunk alcohol in moderate to high amounts at times for over forty years. Over the past 3-4 months, John has noticed that he is not able to remember many of his memories from his past. Recently, John has lost interest in things and feels little motivation. Based on these symptoms, which alcohol-related disease might John be diagnosed with?

Korsakoff syndrome

Of the biological treatments for bipolar disorder, which has shown to be the MOST effective with patients in treating bipolar disorders?

Lithium

According to John Money, a representation of an individual's sexual fantasies and preferred practices is referred to as a(n)

Lovemap

A/an________ acts to remove social inhibitions by slowing activity in the sympathetic nervous system.

Low dose of alcohol (BAC 0.03% to 0.12%)

Miles is a 49 year-old bank manager. He has had a lot of uncertainty about his job recently, and many of his coworkers have been laid off. For the past two weeks, he has been extremely sad and hasn't been able to go to work at all. He has used up all of his sick days, and spends his time sleeping or sitting on his couch watching television. He can't concentrate on anything very long, and he has a lot of trouble deciding what he should do about his situation.

Major depression

A.J.'s symptoms of sleeping all of the time, decreased appetite, anhedonia, along with a suicide attempt are consistent with characteristics of which mood disorder?

Major depressive disorder

According to the sociocultural understanding of eating disorders, which of the following is the most influential in contributing to the idea of idealized thinness?

Media

Animal research suggests that in male rats the ________ is critical for the ability to engage in sexual behavior, but not for the motivation to do so.

Medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus

Richard, an adult male has been on permanent medical leave from his job and suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness. He has structured his day to include strict bedtimes, reduced stress, and social stimulation, and has stopped consuming alcohol and caffeine due to his doctor's recommendations. His doctors have also ruled out other medical issues like a tumor, head trauma, or MS. What treatment option would you recommend to help him wake up?

Medication

Those that show consistent symptoms of major depressive disorder as well as persistent depressive disorder would be helped MOST by which of the following treatments?

Medication and CBT

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

Melatonin

Dissociative amnesia involves ________.

Memory loss following stress

In most countries, the number of people who have depression during their lives falls within an 8%-18% range. In North America, the l probability of having a major depressive episode within a year-long period is 3%-5% for _____ and 8%-10% for ______.

Men and women

Josh has used heroin for about a month and has recently discussed with others that he needs to quit, otherwise he feels that his life will go into a downward spiral. Josh seeks medical treatment from a rehab facility and discusses pharmacological options and the medical staff suggests one medication. Which medication did they likely suggest?

Methadone

A/an ________ acts on the cerebellum to interfere with coordination and balance, producing the staggering gait of drunkenness.

Moderate dose of alcohol (BAC 0.09% to 0.30%)

The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.

Narcolepsy

Brian becomes sexually aroused when he looks at sexually explicit photographs. He also gets really turned on when his lover undresses in front of him. Brian's behavior can be described as

Normal

The type of sleep disorder where a person's airway becomes blocked during sleep and the air is prevented from entering the lungs is called:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, individuals experience rhythmic contractions of the pelvis that are accompanied by uterine contractions in women and ejaculation in men.

Orgasm

For over 6 months Kareem has been having recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies and sexual urges. He uses a nonhuman object to satisfy his sexual desires and does not get the same intense pleasure from sexual activity with a partner. This behavior causes Kareem a lot of distress and so much guilt that he cannot talk to anyone about it. Kareem is suffering from

Paraphilic disorder

Which of the following statements best describe the sociocultural perspective in regards to dissociative disorders?

People may express DID as an accepted coping mechanism due to the way in which the community reacts to traumatic events or chronic societal conflict

Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the following except:

Periods of extreme elation and euphoria

Maggie is a 27-year-old waitress. For the past 2 years, she hasn't felt quite like herself. Most days, she feels down in the dumps. She finds herself eating a bit more than she would like to, usually snacks in the evening. Sometimes, she has trouble falling asleep at night and feels tired the next day.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Terry recently has felt down about a recent break-up with his girlfriend and has recently increased his drinking habits significantly. When asked, he admitted that he has had over five drinks in one day at least four times over the week, which constitutes binge drinking. Terry feels like his mood and the way he deals with emotion (and how he has always dealt with emotion), may be an explanation as to why he has been drinking more. Which perspective on addiction would this reasoning align with?

Personality

Although many sexual dysfunctions are viewed as being psychological in origin, research reveals that there may be ________ causes of these dysfunctions as well.

Physical

Which of the following would be the most radical physiological intervention utilized to treat male sex offenders with severe or extreme paraphilias?

Physical castration or removal of the testes

Although some sexual dysfunctions are viewed as being psychological in origin, clinicians are careful to consider the fact that there are likely ________ causes of these dysfunctions as well.

Physiological

Nearly five years ago, Mary had a child and was on birth control up until conceiving her son. Mary has complained since stopping breast feeding her child at five months that her menstruation has been far more severe. Mary also discussed increased anxiety the week before her period, as well difficulty in concentration, feeling out of control, irritability, and anger toward her husband and muscle pains as well as feeling bloated until about 3-4 days after menstruation. Which of these disorders does Mary likely have?

Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder (PMDD)

What approach to sleep disorders incorporates the historical significance of dreams and the state of consciousness and their connection to sleep?

Psychodynamic

Read the following statement and, after reviewing the list below, select the most appropriate psychological perspective that matches with this statement: For those with conversion disorder, the emotional charge deriving from painful experiences is consciously repressed as a way of managing the pain (i.e., a defense mechanism), but the emotional charge "converts" into neurological symptoms, thus causing them to experience paralysis, seizures, etc.

Psychodynamic perspective

Dissociative disorders, which dramatically affect memory and identity in those afflicted are thought to be primarily ________ in nature.

Psychological

________ refers to the experience of craving a drug.

Psychological dependence

Betsy is a young child who recently has started throwing up her food and then either chewing it again or spitting it out. She has a medical history of COVID-19 (i.e., a viral illness) and this behavior started during her illness but has stayed consistent. She throws up regardless of the food type or texture. As a result, she has lost weight and her parents are worried about her. What diagnosis would you give Betsy?

Rumination disorder

Studies examining the genetic predisposition of some people to depression have focused on the neurotransmitter ________.

Serotonin

Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study?

Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions

Which statement is true about the profile of sexually violent persons?

Sexually violent perpetrators may be someone known by the victim like a friend, a family member, an intimate partner, an acquaintance, or they may be a complete stranger

________ is described as slow-wave sleep.

Stage 3

Treatment for insomnia includes a variety of pharmacological treatment plans, but also includes avoiding certain types of drugs. Which of the following would a doctor recommend avoiding?

Stimulant drugs

Which of the following symptoms listed above is the most troubling sign of diagnosis of the example above?

Suicidal tendencies

Treatment for sleep apnea for non-compliant patients includes which of the following:

Surgical treatment

In treatment, a parent reports, "My 5-year-old daughter, Alice, physically could not try new foods or be near foods that made her uncomfortable. She would refuse to put anything unfamiliar into her mouth, even a tiny bite or small morsel. We tried everything—pleading, begging, and bribing. She was so afraid of eating something new that she still refused to eat, even if she was hungry." What type of therapy would be beneficial to Alice and her family?

Systematic desensitization and in-home treatment

Which of the following is true about pedophilic disorder?

They key feature of this disorder is that the individual experiences sexual arousal when with children that may be equal to, if not greater than, that which she or he, experiences with individuals who are physically mature

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.

Tolerance

Which term is sometimes used to refer to individuals with gender dysphoria who choose to undergo sex reassignment surgery?

Transsexual

Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by ________, and is believed to be caused by ________.

Two or more distinct and separate personalities; significant trauma, usually occurring in childhood

John lost his job of 15 years over 3 years ago and has not felt the same satisfaction in his work processes at his current workplace since then. John also feels somewhat down ever since losing his long time occupation, as he feels that he truly can not be as passionate about the work he is doing as he does not enjoy the job. In relation to diagnosis of PDD, how long does an individual have to show mild to moderate depression to be assessed for treatment?

Two years

Considering the information about Eeyore and his symptoms, which of the following mood disorders might he have?

Unipolar depression

Based on the diagnosis of the question above, which of the following would be the most effective treatment(s) for Eeyore based on his symptoms?

antidepressants and CBT

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.

serotonin

________ is another word for sleepwalking.

somnambulism