Abnormal Psych Exams
who displays difficulties with theory of mind?
Varya who has trouble reading and understanding other people's emotions
Rubina wakes up one day, distressed, because she suddenly became blind overnight even though she doesn't have any known medical illness. she is rushed to the emergency room, but medical tests suggest that her eyes are fine—she actually can see but experiences blindness anyhow. her doctors suggest that her blindness could be _____.
a symptom of conversion disorder
which perspective would assume that many mental disorders are diseases of the brain?
biological
which is one way that bipolar 1 disorder is different than bipolar 2?
bipolar 1 is diagnosed when there has been a full-blown manic episode
Jen has come in for treatment under the suggestion of her husband. he is worried because over the last month she has become increasingly agitated and hyper. she has begun staying up late and has maxed out their credit cards shopping online. she does not believe she needs sleep or treatment because she reports feeling better than she ever has and has begun working on a self-help book despite having never written before. Jen might be diagnosed with ___
bipolar I disorder
how are organismic disorders and sexual pain disorders alike?
both are disorders of sexual dysfunction
according to the lecture, binge episodes are an important aspect of some eating disorders. in fact, recurrent binge episodes are a key element in the criteria for the disorders of ___ and ___
bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorder
when Ricardo's parents began arguing, he suddenly started to think that they would get a divorce. his thinking is an example of ___
catastrophizing
a neuron is a brain ___, and a neurotransmitter is a brain ___
cell; chemical
what is one of the most controversial examples of dimensional diagnosis?
combining autism and Asperger's disorder into autism spectrum disorder
dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been the subject of much controversy over the years, with skeptics noting several potential concerns. which of the following was not presented in the course materials?
consistent research evidence suggests that DID is the result of individuals routinely malingering and that DID should be removed from future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
your study partner is really getting on your nerves. though the two of you are supposed to be studying for your neuropsychology exam, he keeps bragging about being a great "connector". he thinks he's good at linking groups of people together and helping them communicate with each other. "ok, I get it" you mutter sarcastically. "you'd make a great ___"
corpus callosum
Josh is wondering whether tobacco smokers are more likely to experiment with other drugs compared to non-smokers. to answer his question, he distributes an anonymous survey to 200 people and asks them how often they use tobacco and other drugs. he finds that those who use tobacco are more likely to also try other drugs. which of the following best describes Josh's data?
correlational data
Bella, who was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is extremely anxious about germs. She relieves her anxiety by washing her hands frequently with hot water. during therapy, however, she is asked to touch doorknobs but is not allowed to wash her hands afterward. what type of intervention is her therapist using?
exposure and response prevention
the treatment that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) received at the OCD institute, in the video, is most accurately characterized as:
exposure plus response prevention therapy
the key to figuring out whether your client meets criteria for bulimia or whether she meets criteria for binge-eating disorder would be to:
find out whether she engages in compensatory behaviors
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy:
is controversial because exactly why it works isn't clear
which of the following statements about PMDD is true?
it is diagnosed exclusively in women
scenario 1: Maria believes that the government is monitoring her cell phone using nanotechnology scenario 2: Fred is one of only three people in his town who knows how to juggle the criterion of abnormality of ___ best applies in first scenario, whereas the criterion of abnormality of ___ best applies in second scenario
misperception; statistical deviance
according to the recorded lecture, ___ refers to the predominant and sustained emotion as well as the person's subjective description of feeling, whereas ___ refers to the moment-to-moment experience of emotions as well as more objectively observable manifestations of the feeling states
mood; affect
if you heard your neighbor was "psychologically abnormal", does that mean that this person is also "mentally ill"?
no, abnormality is not the same thing as having a mental illness
which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
persecutory delusions
hallucinations and delusions are considered ___ and represent additions to the personality, whereas avolition and anhedonia are considered ___ and represent things detracted from the personality
positive symptoms; negative symptoms
since her car accident six weeks ago, Margaret has refused to drive. she's also experienced anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociative symptoms. Margaret's symptoms most closely resemble:
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Dr. Smith and her associates developed a new therapy for anxiety. in their research, they had participants who met the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) randomly assigned to one of two groups. group 1 received no treatment whereas Group 2 received the newly developed treatment for GAD. in this example, Dr. Smith and her associates most likely used a ___ design.
randomized control trial
when it precedes punishment or reinforcement, negative means ___, while positive means ___
removing a stimulus; adding a stimulus
Boman is an ethical, well-behaved, and well adjusted 4 year old boy who happens to be very smart. in fact, he was declared a world genius when his intelligence was tested and found to be ten times higher than the smartest child his age. is Boman abnormal?
statistically speaking, yes
during a first session, Dr. Jones asks his client, Sally, a series of predetermined questions. Dr. Jones is conducting which of the following?
structured interview
when the airplane jolted and then suddenly dropped 400 feet, Maurice was petrified that the plane would crash. in all likelihood, the fear had activated his ___
sympathetic nervous system
the video shown in the recorded lecture of the woman with the snake demonstrated:
the critical role of the patient confronting the upsetting situation
a man is experiencing violent seizures about twice a day. to address the issue, he has holes drilled into his head. this treatment is most in line with ___
the demonological perspective
Alexa is a sick child who makes frequent visits to the hospital to get her shots. One day she and her mother drive past the hospital and Alexa begins to cry. she repeatedly says "mommy, I don't want to see the doctor". in this example, the conditioned stimulus would be ___
the hospital
which of the following best describes a dependent variable?
the observed result of an experiment
which of the following is true about control groups?
they do not receive the treatment, but instead serve as a basis of comparison for our treatment group(s)
what do all disorders of sexual dysfunction have in common?
they require a person to be distressed by their symptoms
what do all sexual disorders have in common?
they require the client to be distressed and/or to have acted upon the sexual urges
which of the following about first-generation antipsychotics is false?
they target levels of serotonin and glutamate in the brain
according to lecture, controlled research examining Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) has revealed that:
those individuals high in distress symptoms who received CISD continued to have elevated symptoms compared to those who did not receive CISD
your friend Bianca believes that fear is the same emotion as anxiety. how should you respond?
"actually, fear is more of a hard-wired emotion that involves less thinking and reflection than anxiety"
which statement best reflects how behaviorists have explained dissociation?
(not: "profound amnesia occurs when a person cannot encode painful memories")
because it considers a stress reaction to a trauma to be expected instead of disordered:
(not: DSM-5 has removed stress-related disorders from its manual) ? it depends, it's a mental disorder in the DSM-5 but the ICD-11 lists acute stress reaction and doesn't consider it a mental disorder
Nadia has been diagnosed with anorexia, Eve has been diagnosed with bulimia, and Jack has been diagnosed with binge-eating disorder. which of these individuals might struggle with binge eating?
(not: Eve and Jack)
which of the following is not a criticism of behavioral approaches?
(not: behavioral approaches minimize the importance of inheritance and biology OR behavioral approaches are overly deterministic)
which of these diagnoses is new to the DSM-5?
(not: cyclothymic disorder)
what is the most central distinction between feeding and eating disorders?
(not: eating disorders include eating inappropriate or non-food materials, like dirt, chalk, paper, clay or coins)
according to lecture, which of the following statements is true?
(not: fear is an unpleasant, diffuse, vague sense of apprehension, whereas anxiety is an emotional response to a known or definite threat)
why do the DSM and ICD use descriptive psychopathology?
(not: it has been proved more effective in treatment than underlying etiology)
which of the following is false regarding comorbidity?
(not: it illustrates the blurred boundaries between different mental disorder categorie)
some people do not like the term "homophobia" because:
(not: it suggests that prejudice is long-lasting, when it may only be short-lived)
what is true about depersonalization/derealization disorder?
(not: it's more likely to be diagnosed in women than in men)
while Socrates and Plato saw mental illness primarily in terms of the ___, Galen saw mental illness as caused by ___ factors
(not: psychological; biological)
which best describes the diathesis-stress model of psychosomatic illness?
(not: psychosomatic illnesses cause psychological stress, which, in turn, worsens psychosomatic symptoms)
which statement describes the narrative techniques of externalizing the problem?
(not: why don't we conduct an experiment to test the truth of that idea?)
the semi-structured interview used to make DSM diagnoses is the:
SCID
Salvador has just been diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder. what type of drug is he most likely to be prescribed?
SSRI antidepressants
Clay does not have any history about psychotic disorders. for the last six days he has experienced delusions, but shows no other symptoms. he would probably meet criteria for:
acute and transient psychotic disorder or brief psychotic disorder
what symptoms is about losing pleasure for things that used to be enjoyable?
anhedonia
which disorders are likely linked to images in the media?
anorexia, bulimia, and muscle dysmorphia
the eating disorder in which a person mainly loses weight by avoiding calories and excessive exercise is:
anorexia, restricting type
a common criticism of evolutionary approaches to erectile disorder and premature ejaculation is that these theories:
are based on speculation
for a DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia, a person must display:
at least two of the five major symptoms of psychosis with at least one of these symptoms being hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech
Joshua has always been a picky eater. now an adult, Joshua has struggled to meet minimum nutritional requirements throughout his life; at times, he has even needed to be hospitalized with a feeding tube. recently, Joshua was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Joshua is most likely to be diagnosed with:
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
if you had a client with bipolar disorder and believed that many of his symptoms were impacted by problems with sleep and circadian rhythms, you might consider using ___
interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
which of the following is not a proposed cause of deinstitutionalization?
decreasing rates of poverty and malnutrition reducing the need for mental health institutions
how is a diagnosis of delusional disorder different from a diagnosis of schizophrenia?
delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms are limited to delusions
which of the following is correct?
depersonalization and derealization are examples of dissociation
as discussed in lecture, individuals experiencing dissociative disorders may report a persistent feeling of being detached from their own self (or aspects of their mental processes or experiences) or their surroundings on a recurrent basis. ___ involves temporarily losing the sense of one's own self (or own reality) and may also entail hypoemotionality. although somewhat similar, ___ involves the temporary altered sense of realness of external world or surroundings
depersonalization; derealization
sixteen year old Justin hasn't been feeling like himself. since the loss of his grandfather, he reports that "everything around me feels weird and different." he feels separated from his surroundings, "as though I'm walking in places that I know very well, but they somehow feel unfamiliar to me". "there's a term for what you're feeling," his therapist replies. "it's called ___"
derealization
what does the "D" stand for in the ABCD model?
dispute
after being in a physically abusive relationship for a long time, Justine picks up, moves across the country, and suddenly is "Sarah". oddly, she cannot recall her previous life as Justine. the best diagnosis for her would be:
dissociative fugue
in a meta-analysis, the results of each study are transformed into a statistic that is common across all studies. this is called the ___
effect size
some evolutionary psychologists view grief as adaptive because:
grief reflects an ability to attach to others, which can increase the social cohesion of a group
biofeedback would be most effective at treating:
headaches
who is most associated with the bodily humors perspective on mental health?
hippocrates
for four consecutive days, Willie experienced grandiosity, excessive energy, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, extreme talkativeness, and a euphoric mood. he did not experience any other mood problems during the four day period. Willie would most likely meet criteria for a ___ episode
hypomanic
according to the recorded lecture, the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM):
incorporates a continuum perspective on disorders
the Diathesis-Stress Model helps explain how various factors interact with each other to result in different diagnostic outcomes. in this model the diathesis is a(n) ___ and the stress may vary from low to extreme
risk factor
melancholy or melancholia is most closely related to which emotion?
sadness
which of the following is not true about lithium?
scientists have proved why and how it works
Otto, who is unable to have an erection despite being attracted to his spouse, has started seeing a sex therapist. which technique is the therapist most likely to recommend for his erectile difficulties?
sensate focus
which neurotransmitter is believed to be linked to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and, therefore, associated with the drugs most commonly prescribed for it?
serotonin
early editions of the DSM identified homosexuality as a mental disorder; the current edition does not. what led to the declassification of homosexuality as a mental disorder?
social consensus
which is not part of the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder?
social deviance, rebellion, conflict, or violation of social norms
which of the following statements is true of the humanistic theories?
some therapists believe that client-centered therapy may be appropriate for people who are moderately distressed but not for those who are seriously distressed
what do dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, and conversion disorder all have in common? according to psychodynamic theorists, each results from:
trauma
the psychodynamic perspective views abnormality as being influenced by:
unconscious processes
which of the following is an exposure technique?
virtual reality
