abnormal psych final chapter 17, 18, 19

a child does well in some school subjects. however, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. he must direct his gaze with his index finger. even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. this is a description of: a. aphasia b. deslexia c. echolalia d. word blindness

b. dyslexia

in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the supreme court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether they are still: a. mentally ill b. insane c. dangerous d. unable to assist with their defense

b. insane

the two most common treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been: a. behavioral and drug therapies b. group therapy and sociotherapy c. behavioral and group therapy d. insight therapy and cognitive therapy

a. behavioral and drug therapies

the most recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include: a. brain abnormalities b. personality characteristics of the parents c. social status d. environmental stress

a. brain abnormalities

among the proposed causes of alzheimers are all of the following except: a. concussion or other brain injury b. genetic factors c. slow-acting infection d. toxicity from zinc or aluminum

a. concussion or other brain injury

a child is extremely aggressive. she is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. she never tells the truth. her most likely diagnosis is: a. conduct disorder b. juvenile delinquency c. passive-aggressive disorder d. oppositional defiant disorder

a. conduct disorder

an iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. this disorder is called: a. cretinism b. encephalitis c. down syndrome d. tay sachs disease

a. cretinism

an elderly person who develops false beliefs that are not bizarre is most likely suffering from: a. delusional disorder b. disorders of cognition c. memory problems d. sleep disorder

a. delusional disorder

someone who has AIDS is also at risk for developing: a. dementia b. creutzfeldt jakob disease c. alzheimers d. picks disease

a. dementia

early symptoms of alzheimers disease include: a. denial of symptoms b. anger about symptoms c. indifference to symptoms d. anxiety or depression about symptoms

a. denial of symptoms

regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that: a. drug treatments may need to be altered because drugs are broken down differently in the older body b. individual and group therapies are rarely used c. electroconvulsive shock therapy is the treatment of choice d. therapy is not effective most of the time

a. drug treatments may need to be altered because drugs are broken down differently in the older body

a man killed the guy he was fighting with. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing because he was drunk. under which "insanity" standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity? a. durham test b. m'naghten rule c. organic deficiency test d. irresistible test

a. durham test

one speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. this is called: a. echolalia b. neologism c. nominal aphasia d. pronominal reversal

a. echolalia

an individual seeking help from a geropsychologist is most likely: a. elderly b. mentally retarded c. suffering from enuresis or encopresis d. receiving play therapy

a. elderly

if someone is interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward: a. forensic psychology b. behavioral neuroscience c. medical science d. neurology

a. forensic psychology

some states have adopted a verdict of "guilty but mentally ill." the sentence that must be given to those so convicted is: a. jail with treatment if necessary b. prison with mandatory treatment c. jail and treatment until sane and then release d. hospitalization and treatment until sane and then release

a. jail with treatment if necessary

"it is possible, even probable, that refrigerator parents-cold, rejecting, rigid- caused this disorder." this is a reasonable statement about the cause of many cases of: a. autism b. asperger's disorder c. both autism and aspergers disorder d. neither autism nor aspergers disorder

a. autism

among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following except: a. abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage b. negative self-concept c. dysfunctional families d. high levels of stress

a. abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage

assume a nursing home director is trying to decide whether to use antipsychotic drugs for treating symptoms of alzheimers disease. research shows that the director generally should: a. not use antipsychotic drugs; they don't work any better than placebos do b. think about using antipsychotic drugs; they relieve symptoms of aggression, but not delusion c. think about using antipsychotic drugs; they relieve symptoms of delusion, but not aggression d. use antipsychotic drugs; they work much better than placebos do

a. not use antipsychotic drugs; they don't work any better than placebos do

the burden of proof in an insanity case is usually: a. on the defense attorneys to prove the defendant is insane b. on the prosecution attorneys to prove the defendant is sane c. on the defense for federal cases and on the prosecution for most state cases d. on the defense for most state cases and on the prosecution for federal cases

a. on the defense attorneys to prove the defendant is insane

which of the following diseases involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes? a. picks disease b. alzheimers disease c. korsakoffs syndrome d. creutzfdeldt jakob disease

a. picks disease

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals from dangerous people is called: a. police power b. parens patriae c. civil commitment d. emergency commitment

a. police power

recently states have begun to abolish their sex offender laws. among the reasons they are doing this is: a. racial bias can affect the application of the law b. courts are becoming more sensitive to the rights of sex offenders c. the public wants sex offenders to have more rights d. clinicians are better able to predict who is sexually dangerous

a. racial bias can affect the application of the law

in Addington v. Texas, a young man fought being involuntarily committed, arguing that the standard for showing that a person is mentally ill was unclear and unfair. this case resulted in the courts setting a standard that commitment: a. requires clear and convincing proof b. must be necessary to avoid danger to others c. must be necessary beyond a reasonable doubt d. must be necessary to relieve the family of the burden to treat

a. requires clear and convincing proof

the fact that lawyers can often find "experts" who convincingly argue both sides of a question suggests that: a. scientific knowledge about abnormal behavior is incomplete and uncertain b. there is no basis for their testimony c. the field has made great strides in its ability to predict abnormal behavior d. people really do have free will

a. scientific knowledge about abnormal behavior is incomplete and uncertain

sphere shaped deposits of a small molecule in spaces between neurons in the hippocampus in individuals with alzheimers disese are called: a. senile plaques b. neural plaques c. beta-amyloid proteins d. neurofibrillary tangles

a. senile plaques

perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that: a. so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous b. they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual occurrence in most schools c. there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as well as their student victims d. students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem

a. so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous

the drug Ritalin is classified as a(n): a. stimulant b. depressant c. tranquilizer d. antidepressant

a. stimulant

surveys show that _____ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States a. worry b. depression c. anxiety d. substance abuse

a. worry

a forensic psychologist would be likely to do all of the following except: a. write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts b. testify in criminal or civil proceedings c. research questions pertinent to trials d. profile serial killers

a. write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts

Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. her condition is most likely: a. PKU b. down synrome c. tay sachs disease d. fragile x syndrome

b. down syndrome

the standard for "clear and convincing proof," according to the U.S. supreme court is: a. total certainty b. 75 percent certainty c. equivalent to "beyond a reasonable doubt." d. equivalent to "near-total certainty."

b. 75 percent certainty

a landmark California court case, Tarasoff V. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. this case led to the conclusion that: a. confidentiality may not be broken if there is a clear danger to an identifiable person b. a therapist must break the obligation of confidentiality if there is a clear danger to a specific identifiable person c. confidentiality must not be broken simply to protect a person who may be in close proximity to an intended victim d. a therapist must break the obligation of confidentiality if there is the potential that the person may hurt someone, even if a particular victim has not been idenfied

b. a therapist must break the obligation of confidentiality if there is a clear danger to a specific identifiable person

compared to younger people, those over 65 are: a. about as likely to experience depression, whether they live in nursing homes or not b. about as likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home, and more likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home c. less likely to experience depression, whether they live in nursing homes or not d. less likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home, and about as likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home

b. about as likely to experience depression if not living in a nursing home, and more likely to experience depression if living in a nursing home

criticisms of the insanity defense point to all of the following except that: a. in a given case, the testimony of clinicians is often not in agreement b. clinicians are biased to assume that people have free will and are responsible for their actions c. clinicians are trying to evaluate the defendant's state of mind during a time that is long past d. the insanity defense allows dangerous people to escape punishment

b. clinicians are biased to assume that people have free will and are responsible for their actions

a clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called: a. dementia b. delirium c. delusional disorder d. cognitive mapping

b. delirium

alzheimers is a brain ______ while stroke is a brain_______. a. injury; disease b. disease; injury c. infection; disease d. poisoning; infection

b. disease; injury

carl is a terrible bully. he is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. he will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. he will most likely be labeled as displaying: a. conduct disorder b. juvenile delinquency c. passive aggressive disorder d. oppositional defiant disorder

b. juvenile delinquency

among the elderly, schizophrenia is: a. more common than among younger individuals, but there are fewer new cases per year b. less common than among younger individuals, and there are fewer new cases per year c. more common than among younger individuals, and there are more new cases per year d. less common than among younger individuals, but there are more new cases per year

b. less common than among younger individuals, and there are fewer new cases per year

you have witnessed a crime and are testifying for the prosecution. what type of question should the defense attorney ask you in order to make your testimony least valid? a. one that requires you to retell the events from beginning to end b. one that introduces inaccurate information into the question c. one that emphasizes the importance of correct eyewitness testimony d. one that asks you to remember only the important details

b. one that introduces inaccurate information into the question

the current trend in legislation and treatment regarding people who commit sex crimes and are also mentally ill is to: a. emphasize treatment and deemphasize imprisonment b. require both punishment for the crime and treatment c. emphasize the rights of the sex criminal d. require restitution rather than punishment

b. require both punishment for the crime and treatment

a recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three quarters of them reported being in therapy themselves at least once, and that they: a. are likely to seek therapy because they feel inadequate b. seek therapy for the same problems that affect other people c. are more likely to seek help for depression than are other people d. experience more anxiety disorders than other people because they feel obligated to appear well-adjusted

b. seek therapy for the same problems that affect other people

the focus of the Protection and Advocacy for mentally ill individuals act of 1986 was to: a. force the release of long-term committed people b. set up an advocacy system to investigate possible abuse and neglect of the mentally il.. c. assure the right of patients to refuse any and all treatment d. require institutions to provide specific treatments for committed individuals

b. set up an advocacy system to investigate possible abuse and neglect of the mentally ill..

you would suspect a problem in the _______ for someone experiencing difficulty with long term memory. a. prefrontal lobes b. temporal lobes c. diencephlon d. occipital lobes

b. temporal lobes

a female child is diagnosed with autism. later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. her case is: a. very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood b. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood c. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood d. common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severely into adulthood

b. uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males,and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood

anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from: a. ingestion of lead based paint b. lack of oxygen during or after delivery c. poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates d. seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes

bl lack of oxygen during or after delivery

the Wyatt v. Stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide: a. care in mental patient's home community b. public advocates for mental patients c. adequate treatment d. periodic review of treatment plans and progress for mental patients

c. adequate treatment

the most feared psychological problem among the elderly is: a. stress b. loss of sexual function c. alzheimer's disease d. alcoholism

c. alzheimers disease

a man is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. he seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to address problems before they get worse. he is seeking help from: a. stress-reduction seminars b. problem-solving seminars c. an employee assistance program d. an outpatient counseling center

c. an employee assistance program

triple jeopardy, as an issue affecting the mental health of the elderly, refers to: a. depression, anxiety, and substance abuse b. dementia, delirium, and substance abuse c. being old, a minority member, and a woman d. discrimination, poor long-term care, and poor medical care

c. being old, a minority member, and a woman

what is the best educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum? a. mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children b. being in special classes that operate in the school districts own facilities c. being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education d. being home schooled

c. being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education

an individual has just been diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. we know for sure that the person: a. experiences little or no decline in any area of cognitive functioning b. experiences decline in only one area of cognitive functioning c. can still function independently d. can no longer function independently

c. can still function independently

an elderly person has been diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder, but the disorder is not alzheimer's disease. among the elderly, such a diagnosis is: a. very rare- only about 2 percent of neurocognitive disorders are not alzheimers disease b. unusual- only about 10 percent of neurocognitive disorders are not alzheimers disease c. common- about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not alzheimers disease d. very common- about half of neurocognitive disorders are not alzheimers disease

c. common- about a third of neurocognitive disorders are not alzheimers disease

a group home is an example of: a. minimum wage b. aftercare c. community residence d. least restrictive environment

c. community residence

the least effective way to deal with conduct disorder is: a. prevention programs b. teaching children how to deal with their anger c. having children live in juvenile training centers d. through family intervention

c. having children live in juvenile training centers

quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. however, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. he would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because: a. he is too old b. his IQ is not low enough c. his daily functioning is adequate d. his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18

c. his daily functioning is adequate

what does the research show that nursing homes should do to meet the emotional needs of their patients? a. they should do essentially nothing- emotional needs deteriorate long before nursing home care is necessary b. administer standardized, easily quantifiable cognitive goals for all their patients c. let patients do what they want to do, so log as its not harmful or disruptive d. use therapy that emphasizes group activities, like bingo or one-act plays

c. let patients do what they want to do, so long as its not harmful or disruptful

which of the following has the goal of reducing the cost of mental health services? a. mental health parity b. government funding of health care c. managed care d. professional boundaries

c. managed care

an individual with alzheimers disease is able to function independently. the most appropriate label for this person's condition is: a. mild delirium b. major delirium c. mild neurocognitive disorder d. major neurocognitive disorder

c. mild neurocognitive disorder

a particular problem found more often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is: a. alcoholism b. drinking in reaction to negative life events c. misuse of prescription drugs d. use of detoxification

c. misuse of prescription drugs

a child is openly hostile toward her parents. she argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. they cannot control her. the diagnosis she is most likely to receive is: a. conduct disorder b. juvenile delinquency c. oppositional defiant disorder d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

c. oppositional defiant disorder

the majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the united states are there because: a. they were judged mentally incompetent b. they were judged not guilty by reason of insanity c. prison officials decided they needed treatment d. their trials resulted in "hung" juries

c. prison officials decided they needed treatment

in the past 20 years or so, how has the authority of psychologists and psychiatrists to make decisions about things such as admitting patients and prescribing medication changed? a. psychiatrists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychologists b. both psychiatrists and psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by the other c. psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychiatrists d. psychiatrist/psychologist authority has remained unchanged

c. psychologists have been granted some authority previously held only by psychiatrists

you are watching a tv show in which police call in an expert to give them a psychological profile of the murderer. whose identity is unknown. if the show reflects reality, the profile given will be: a. very accurate; there are several characteristics all murderers have in common b. reasonably accurate; there are several characteristics almost all murderers have in common c. somewhat accurate; there are several characteristics that murderers often have in common d. inaccurate; there are almost no characteristics that murderers often have in common

c. somewhat accurate; there are several characteristics that murderers often have in common

a person who has alzheimers although there is no family history of the disease is said to be experiencing: a. nongenetic alzheimers b. familial alzheimers c. sporadic alzheimers d. atypical alzheimers

c. sporadic alzheimers

the main concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is: a. the use of cognitive behavioral therapy b. the use of family therapy c. the use of adult medications d. the use of psychodynamic therapy

c. the use of adult medications

research on the cause of alzheimers disease has led to the conclusion that: a. the hereditary component explains the onset of the disease b. at least five different chromosomes have been found to be related to alzheimers disease c. there appears to be a significant hereditary component, but this does not fully explain its onset d. there is little or no ecvdence of a genetic component to alzheimers disease, but there may be a viral cause

c. there appears to be a significant hereditary component, but this does not fully explain its onset

an individual who demonstrates a severe anterograde amnesia may still demonstrate evidence of: a. short term memory b. new memories c. verbal skills d. new aquaintances

c. verbal skills

the current code of ethics declares that a therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent: a. never b. only when the client might cause self-harm c. when the client or another person is threatened d. when it is deemed necessary to protect another person's property

c. when the client or another person is threatened

based on the most current research, we can conclude that: a. MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of autism b. MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the cases of autism c. as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their children, the incidence of autism has declined d. MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism

d. MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism

a person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also: a. a danger to him or herself b. a danger to others c. a danger to his or her parents d. a danger either to themselves or to others

d. a danger either to themselves or to others

if a person with paranoid schizophrenia commits murder and either is not able to understand that murder is wrong or is not able to his or her actions and follow the law, that person would most likely be eligible for an insanity defense under: a. the durham test b. the american law institute test c. the irresistible impulse test d. all the answers are true

d. all the answer are true

one useful approach to treating enuresis employs: a. insight therapy b. stimulant drugs c. operant conditioning d. classical conditioning

d. classical conditioning

defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are most likely to be: a. judged not guilty of the crime by reason of insanity b. judged not guilty of the crime due to severe mental instability c. committed for treatment until they improve enough to be released d. committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves

d. committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves

if a person accused of a crime is found not guilty by reason of insanity, he or she is committed to a psychiatric facility for treatment. this is called: a. 2 PCs b. incarceration c. civil commitment d. criminal commitment

d. criminal commitment

depletion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been implicated as a: a. treatment of schizophrenia b. cause of huntingtons chorea c. treatment of parkinsons disease d. critical factor in alzheimers disease

d. critical factor in alzheimers disease

childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called: a. disruptive disorders b. anxiety disorders c. intellectual developmental disorder d. elimination disorders

d. elimination disorders

of the following alternatives, what would be the best advice to give someone who wants to retain good cognitive functioning as long as possible in old age? a. be sure to get mineral supplements, especially zinc and aluminum- and take it easy, to avoid injury b. disengage a little- don't let the world news upset you- and avoid caffeine and other stimulants c. get a pet- caring for something else helps- and avoid eyestrain by reducing your reading d. exercise your body and your mind- use it or lose it

d. exercise your body and your mind- use it or lose it

people who film themselves "cutting" and post the videos on YouTube may be diagnosed with a form of: a. suicide b. internet use disorder c. cybertherapy d. exhibitionism

d. exhibitionism

an elderly individual has just been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. most likely, the diagnosis is: a. obsessive compulsive disorder b. agoraphobia c. panic attack d. generalized anxiety disorder

d. generalized anxiety disorder

civil commitment is for a person who: a. has committed a crime but is judged not guilty by reason of insanity b. has committed a crime but is judged not able to tell right from wrong c. has voluntarily sought treatment for mental problems d. has been forced to undergo mental health treatment

d. has been forced to undergo mental health treatment

if you are the typical therapist, you: a. have had a sexual relationship with at least one client b. have never been sexually attracted to a client c. have had a sexual relationship with a client you were not attracted to d. have been sexually attracted to a client but not had a sexual relationship with a client

d. have been sexually attracted to a client but not had a sexual relationship with a client

which of the following statements is most accurate regarding alzheimers disease? a. it is sporadic and usually starts before age 45. b. it is familial and starts before age 45. c. it is familial and starts after age 80. d. it is sporadic and most often starts after age 65.

d. it is sporadic and most often starts after age 65

a 3 year old child is wetting the bed at night. the bed wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. the best diagnosis is: a. enuresis b. encopresis c. oppositional defiant disorder d. no diagnosis in this case

d. no diagnosis in this case

Monahan's research on the relationship between violent behavior and severe mental disorder shows that: a. people with severe mental disorders are much less likely to commit violent acts than those without mental disorders b. there is no difference between those with and those without severe mental disorders in the rate of violent acts c. people with severe mental disorders are much more likely to commit violent acts than those without mental disorders d. people with severe mental disorders are somewhat more likely to commit violent acts than those without mental disorders

d. people with severe mental disorders are somewhat more likely to commit violent acts than those without mental disorders

a child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is most likely receiving: a. cognitive therapy b. classroom therapy c. insight therapy d. play therapy

d. play therapy

the american psychological association's code of ethics states that sexual relationships between a psychologist and client are: a. permitted if both parties agree b. permitted as soon as treatment ends c. prohibited only for therapeutic purposes d. prohibited under almost all circumstances

d. prohibited under almost all circumstances

a child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. if the child has an anxiety disorder, it is most likely: a. agoraphobia b. bipolar disorder c. dependent personality disorder d. separation anxiety disorder

d. separation anxiety disorder

the national institute of mental health study known as TADS about treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. which of the following is not true about the study's findings? a. a combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioral therapy was most effective b. cognitive behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment c. antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive behavioral therapy alone d. the danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and its not that significant

d. the danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been over emphasized and is not that significant

the use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder has been criticized for all of the following reasons except: a. thy do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale adequately b. they are culturally biased c. they do not measure adaptive functioning d. they are not valid predictors of school performance

d. they are not valid predictors of school performance