Abnormal Psych Test Chapters 12-15

"I just received a DSM-5 diagnosis of Internet use disorder," a friend says. "What do you think?" Your most accurate reply would be:

"That's not possible. The disorder is not in the DSM-5."

Token economy program

A behavioral program in which a person's desirable behaviors are reinforced systematically throughout the day by the awarding of tokens that can be exchanged for goods or privileges

Relapse-prevention training

A cognitive-behavioral approach to treating alcohol use disorder in which clients are taught to keep track of their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking, and plan ahead for risky situations and reactions

Reward-deficiency syndrome

A condition, suspected to be present in some individuals, in which the brain's reward center is not readily activated by the usual events in their life

Delirium tremens

A dramatic withdrawal reaction consisting of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations

Milieu therapy

A humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the belief that institutes can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A male dysfunction marked by a persistent reduction or lack of interest in sex and hence a low level of sexual activity

Fetishistic disorder

A paraphilic disorder consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve the use of a nonliving object or nongenital part, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli

Catatonia

A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms found in some forms of schizophrenia which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing.

Residential treatment center

A place where people formerly addicted to drugs live, work, and socialize in a drug-free environment. Also called therapeutic communities

Halfway house

A residence for people with schizophrenia or other severe problems, often staffed by paraprofessionals.

Hallucinogen

A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations

Sheltered workshop

A supervised work place for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs

Community Mental Health Center

A treatment facility that provides medication, psychotherapy, and emergency care for psychological problems and coordinates treatment in the community

Aversion therapy

A treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented with unpleasant stimuli while performing undesirable behaviors such as taking a drug

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for year and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be:

Acquired and generalized

Morphine

Addictive substance made from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain

Tolerance

Adjustment that the brain and body make to the regular use of certain drugs so that ever larger doses are needed to achieve the earlier effects

"Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted most likely is:

Alcoholics Anonymous

Sedative-Hypnotic drugs

Also known as anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) drugs. Produces feelings of relaxation and drowsiness.

Methadone maintenance program

An approach to treating heroin-centered substance use disorder in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of a substitute drug, methadone

If one could use only a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the most effective treatment, one should choose:

Antipsychotic drugs

The most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

Auditory

A token economy approach to treatment is based on principles from the ______ abnormal behavior

Behavioral view

Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of:

Classical conditioning

Which is the most effective second-generation antipsychotic drug for treating schizophrenia?

Clozapine

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He most likely used:

Cocaine

Desire phase

Consist of an interest in or urge to have sex, sexual attraction to other, and, for many people, sexual fantasies

A family with a high level of expressed emotion may display a great deal of:

Criticism

A person acts extremely jealous all the time and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The best diagnosis, assuming the extreme jealously has no basis in fact, is:

Delusional Disorder

The symptom of schizophrenia most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is:

Delusions

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

Delusions of reference

Four phases of the human sexual response

Desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution

Sexual dysfunctions

Disorders in which people cannot respond normally in key areas of sexual functioning, make it difficult or impossible to enjoy sexual intercourse

"It's all right to have sex with children as long as they agree." This is an example of the _____ often experienced by pedophiles

Distorted thinking

Cannabis

Drugs produced from the varieties of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects.

Antagonist drugs

Drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug

Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT)

Erection during sleep

According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:

Experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be

Opioid use disorder symptoms

First: Anxiety, restlessness, sweating, and rapid breathing. Later: Severe twitching, aches, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, high blood pressure, and weight loss

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, and then he moves away. The most likely diagnosis for this man is:

Frotteurism

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:

Hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. Most likely, that person would be diagnosed as:

Having transvestite disorder

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principles of _____ psychology

Humanistic

An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity, and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. That person most likely is experiencing:

Hypoactive sexual desire

Which response from the person he exposed himself to would be least satisfying to an exhibitionist?

Ignoring the exhibitionist

One who is experiencing gender dysphoria:

Is unhappy with his or her biological gender

A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most likely, the patient is suffering from:

Korsakoff's syndrome

What are some psychedelic drugs?

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and MDMA (Ecstasy)

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Lack normal interest in sex and rarely initiate sexual activity

Korsakoff's syndrome

Lack of vitamin B. Disease marked by extreme confusion, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms.

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomical classes. However, it is most likely to be found in someone from a:

Lower socioeconomic level

Excitement phase

Marked by changes in the pelvic region, general physical arousal, and increases in heart rate muscle tension, blood pressure, and rate of breathing

Schizophrenia researchers have been:

More successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia

Heroin

Most addictive substances derived from opium, originally used as a cough medicine

Benzodiazepines

Most common group of anti anxiety drugs, which include Valium and Xanax. Relieve anxiety without making people drowsy

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

Narcotics

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension.

People with schizophrenia who are working in a sheltered workshop are receiving"

Occupational training

Synergistic Effect

Occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time.

Which of the following is a depressant?

Opioids

A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing:

Paraphilia

Paraphilias

Patterns in which individuals have recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects, children, non consenting adults, or experiences of suffering or humiliation

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:

People with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present

Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are example of _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Positive

Opium

Reduces both physical and emotional pain, made from the sap of the opium poppy

Which is the best example of a double-blind communication?

Saying "I love you" to a child but refusing to allow that child in your lap

Arnold cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:

Sexual masochism

Amphetamines

Stimulant drugs manufactured in labs. Examples: Benzedrine, Dexedrine, and Methedrine. Increase energy and alertness and reduce appetite.

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be:

Substance use disorder

Stimulants

Substances that increase the activity of the CNS, resulting in increased blood pressure and heart rate, greater alertness, and sped-up behavior and thinking

A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine for several years. Lately she seems to be chewing gum all the time and her arms are always in motion. She has begun to display twitching facial ties. This is an example of:

Tardive dyskinesia

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The main active ingredient of cannabis substances

Women tolerate alcohol less well than men because:

They have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol

The first antipsychotic drug to be approved for use in the United States was:

Thorazine

A frequent drug user finds larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

Tolerance

Withdrawal

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug. (Cramps, anxiety attacks, sweating, nausea)

The usual way of dealing with troublesome or violent people with schizophrenia in institutions in the first half of the twentieth century was to:

Use physical restraint

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

Viral theory

Barbiturates

Widely prescribed in the first half of twentieth century to fight anxiety and help people sleep. Low doses reduce a person's level of excitement