Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 18

An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is: A) Parkinson's disease. B) Alzheimer's disease. C) Huntington's disease. D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

A) Parkinson's disease.

Which of these is NOT a factor that contributes to Alzheimer's disease? A) concussion or other brain injury B) autoimmune disorder C) slow-acting viral infections D) exposure to zinc or lead

A) concussion or other brain injury

Which of these approaches to treating Alzheimer's disease is comparable to an approach used to treat schizophrenia? A) day-care B) halfway houses C) cognitive-behavioral therapy D) antipsychotic medication

A) day-care

The typical pattern of Alzheimer's for the patient is: A) denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency. B) denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, hope. C) denial, projection, regression. D) denial, acceptance, reemergence, reinforcement.

A) denial, anxiety, withdrawal, dependency.

Clinicians recognize that treatment for Alzheimer's disease includes: A) focusing on the needs of caregivers. B) implementing institutional policies that promote autonomy. C) providing outpatient care and calibrating medication. D) focusing on early detection and prevention.

A) focusing on the needs of caregivers.

Recent research shows that a person developing Alzheimer's disease is related to: A) lower hippocampus activity earlier in life. B) higher hippocampus activity earlier in life. C) abnormalities in corpus callosum development in childhood. D) abnormalities in corpus callosum development in early adulthood.

A) lower hippocampus activity earlier in life.

To control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. Interestingly, recent research shows that the person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease? A) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease B) Alzheimer's disease C) Huntington's disease D) Parkinson's disease

B) Alzheimer's disease

What generally happens in the thalamus and the hypothalamus of an individual with Alzheimer's disease? A) Acetylcholine-secreting neurons shrink. B) Selected neurons shrink or die. C) Neurofibrillary tangles develop in living neurons. D) Amyloid deposits form among living neurons.

B) Selected neurons shrink or die.

Regarding anxiety disorders and aging, which statement is NOT true? A) Symptoms of anxiety disorders are often misinterpreted as symptoms of a medical condition. B) The prevalence of anxiety among the elderly is comparable to that of other age groups. C) Declining health is one of the main sources of anxiety among the elderly. D) Drug treatments should be used cautiously because of how they are metabolized in the elderly.

B) The prevalence of anxiety among the elderly is comparable to that of other age groups.

What do neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease and neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease have in common? A) Both produce similar cognitive and behavioral symptoms. B) They involve the buildup of disruptive proteins within neurons. C) They are linked to the same genetic markers. D) Both are frequently misdiagnosed.

B) They involve the buildup of disruptive proteins within neurons.

A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have: A) excessive cell growth. B) cell breakdown and neuron death. C) a loss of amino acid production. D) mutations of the cells of the eye

B) cell breakdown and neuron death.

An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition is: A) neurocognitive disorder. B) delirium. C) schizophrenia. D) substance abuse.

B) delirium.

If a young person is taking a health-maintenance approach to aging, the person would be: A) buying long-term care insurance. B) doing things that promote physical and mental health. C) avoiding negative life events. D) being sensitive to cultural differences among people.

B) doing things that promote physical and mental health.

Theories linking Alzheimer's disease to genetic factors make all of the following assumptions EXCEPT: A) genes control the production of proteins. B) genes create plaques and tangles. C) abnormal protein activity produces plaques and tangles. D) excessive plaques and tangles produce Alzheimer's disease.

B) genes create plaques and tangles.

The elderly have a _____ rate of psychotic symptoms compared with younger individuals, and the onset of schizophrenia is _____ among the elderly than among younger individuals. A) higher; more common B) higher; less common C) lower; more common D) lower; less common

B) higher; less common

A person with Alzheimer's disease shows decreased brain activity in the diencephalon. This decreased activity should be related to: A) no change in either the function of short-term memory or in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories. B) no change in the function of short-term memory but problems in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories. C) problems in the function of short-term memory but no change in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories. D) problems in both the function of short-term memory and in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories.

B) no change in the function of short-term memory but problems in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories.

Abnormal beta-amyloid protein activity is to _____, as abnormal tau protein activity is to _____. A) tangles; plaques B) plaques; tangles C) genes; environment D) environment; genes

B) plaques; tangles

If you had a PET scan at a relatively young age to predict your likelihood of developing Alzheimer's, you would be most disturbed if you had: A) higher activity in the gray matter than in the white matter. B) reduced hippocampus activity. C) normal levels of zinc. D) activity in the subcortical structures.

B) reduced hippocampus activity.

Which situation is MOST likely to lead to hospitalization for an Alzheimer's patient? A) the progression of the disease requires expert care B) the home caretaker being overwhelmed C) the patient does not want to live at home D) the patient's pet interfering with care

B) the home caretaker being overwhelmed

Psychological disorders among the elderly can be divided into two groups: A) personal losses and mental stress. B) the process of aging and disorders of cognition. C) environmental factors and genetic factors. D) physical problems and sensory problems.

B) the process of aging and disorders of cognition.

A person has normal acetylcholine and glutamate activity. If that person is suspected of having Alzheimer's disease, one might look next for: A) lower than usual levels of zinc in the brain. B) unusual breakdown of heavy metals in the brain. C) an imbalance in the breakdown of calcium in the brain. D) an enlargement of neurons in the hippocampus.

C) an imbalance in the breakdown of calcium in the brain.

An individual has just been diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. We know for sure that the person: A) experiences little or no decline in any area of cognitive functioning. B) experiences a decline in only one area of cognitive functioning. C) can still function independently. D) can no longer function independently.

C) can still function independently.

A person with Alzheimer's disease is taking a drug designed to affect acetylcholine and glutamate and may experience: A) improvement in short-term memory but not in ability to cope under pressure. B) improvement in ability to cope under pressure but not in short-term memory. C) improvement both in short-term memory and in ability to cope under pressure. D) neither improvement in short-term memory, nor in ability to cope under pressure.

C) improvement both in short-term memory and in ability to cope under pressure.

Samuel, age 69, reports taking six prescription drugs, in addition to regularly taking two over-the-counter drugs. Among the elderly, Samuel is: A) unusual; the average elderly individual takes fewer than half this many drugs. B) unusual; the average elderly individual takes twice this many drugs. C) normal; the average elderly individual takes about this amount of drugs. D) close to normal; the average elderly individual takes somewhat more drugs.

C) normal; the average elderly individual takes about this amount of drugs.

Which is NOT a factor that contributes to the misuse of prescription drugs among the elderly? A) confusion about keeping track of all the medications one must take B) overprescribing of medications or prescribing of drugs that negatively interact with other drugs C) the advent of newer, cheaper, and more potent narcotic medications D) use of antipsychotic medications to control the behaviors of those who are in nursing homes

C) the advent of newer, cheaper, and more potent narcotic medications

Which statement is true regarding the location of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain? A) Both occur within neurons in the brain. B) Both occur between neurons in the brain. C) Senile plaques are found within neurons in the brain, while neurofibrillary tangles are found between neurons in the brain. D) Senile plaques are found between neurons in the brain, while neurofibrillary tangles are found within neurons in the brain.

D) Senile plaques are found between neurons in the brain, while neurofibrillary tangles are found within neurons in the brain.

The fact that Alzheimer's disease resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease suggests that Alzheimer's may be caused by: A) eating contaminated beef. B) genetic mutations on certain genes. C) autoimmune dysfunction. D) a virus.

D) a virus.

Which of the following is NOT associated with delirium among the elderly? A) being admitted to a hospital B) having a fever, infectious disease, or a head injury C) being a nursing home resident D) being overweight or obese

D) being overweight or obese

If you do things during your life that promote physical and psychological well-being, you are engaging in a _____ approach to aging. A) preventive B) medical C) conditional D) health-maintenance

D) health-maintenance

Compared with people closer to age 55, people older than 85 are about _____ as likely to experience delirium. A) two times B) three times C) ten times D) more than ten times

D) more than ten times

The research conducted by Mosconi and others to identify biomarkers that predict Alzheimer's disease is BEST classified as a(n): A) clinical trial. B) epidemiological study. C) case study. D) longitudinal study.

D) longitudinal study.

"Grandpa is 88 years old, and there's no sign of neurocognitive disorder," says a friend of yours. Your MOST accurate reply is: A) "That's wonderful—about half of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder." B) "That's wonderful—about a third of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder." C) "That's wonderful—about 10 percent of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder." D) "That's wonderful—about 5 percent of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder."

A) "That's wonderful—about half of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder."

A person who abuses alcohol often drinks alone, blacks out occasionally, and falls a lot. These characteristics are: A) more than twice as common in young alcohol abusers as they are in elderly alcohol abusers. B) slightly more common in young alcohol abusers than they are in elderly alcohol abusers. C) slightly more common in elderly alcohol abusers than they are in young alcohol abusers. D) more than twice as common in elderly alcohol abusers as they are in young alcohol abusers.

A) more than twice as common in young alcohol abusers as they are in elderly alcohol abusers.

Women who want to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's should: A) take estrogen for years after menopause. B) eliminate caffeine use after menopause. C) avoid taking ibuprofen for menstrual discomfort. D) take male sex hormones after menopause.

A) take estrogen for years after menopause.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is to _____, as Huntington's disease is to _____. A) viral cause; genetic cause B) motor problems; speech problems C) slow onset; gradual onset D) early-onset Alzheimer's disease; late-onset Alzheimer's disease

A) viral cause; genetic cause

Short-term memory is like a _____, whereas long-term memory is like a _____. A) workbench; storage cabinet B) video camera; audio recorder C) singer; choir D) bag of candy; candy factory

A) workbench; storage cabinet

Which is MOST likely to be said by an elderly person regarding long-term care? A) "I'm glad I saved enough for this." B) "I've known lots of people who got better and came home." C) "I'm worried about losing my independence." D) "I can't wait for all the interesting new activities I'll be able to do."

C) "I'm worried about losing my independence."

Your elderly grandfather is deteriorating. At first, he seemed only mildly forgetful, but lately, he has had trouble recalling the names of close relatives and cannot remember where he is. He used to be very loving and patient, but now he is very unpleasant, and his condition is worsening. He is MOST likely experiencing: A) presenile delirium. B) intellectual developmental disorder. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) stroke-induced neurocognitive disorder.

C) Alzheimer's disease.

Lisa Mosconi and her associates administered PET scans to research participants to measure activity in the hippocampus. They found that participants with low hippocampus activity were more likely to develop neurocognitive disorders later in life. How accurate were their predictions? A) about 60 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment B) about 90 percent for both mild and major neurocognitive impairment C) more than 70 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment and more than 80 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment D) more than 80 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment, and nearly 100 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment

C) more than 70 percent accurate for mild neurocognitive impairment and more than 80 percent accurate for major neurocognitive impairment

As the percentage of the population who are 65 or older continues to rise, one would NOT expect the _____ to rise as well. A) number of geropsychologists B) percentage of people with a neurocognitive disorder C) percentage of people with substance use disorder D) number of nursing homes

C) percentage of people with substance use disorder

Possible reasons for the difference in Alzheimer's disease risk for non-Hispanic white Americans compared with other racial and ethnic groups include all of the following EXCEPT: A) genetic factors that are linked to Alzheimer's disease. B) differences in general health such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. C) differences in exposure to environmental toxins such as lead and zinc. D) stress brought about by language and employment barriers.

D) stress brought about by language and employment barriers.