Abnormal Psychology - Chapter 6 study guide

French neurologist Pierre Janet viewed Blank______ as a process in which components of mental experience are disconnected from consciousness but remain accessible through dreams and hypnosis.

dissociation

In _________ disorders, people develop multiple separate identities or can have the inability to recall information due to significant dissociation.

dissociative

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?: psychodynamic existential cognitive-behavioral behavioral

psychodynamic

The individual with dissociative identity disorder has at least ________Blank distinct identities or personality states.: two four ten sixteen

two

Based on recent studies, it is more likely that DID is ________Blank and is consequently ________ among the general population.: overdiagnosed; overmedicated overcorrected; overmedicated misdiagnosed; untreated underdiagnosed; undertreated

underdiagnosed; undertreated

Therapists who view conversion symptoms as the result of the transfer of the psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms come from the _______ perspective.

psychodynamic

The primary explanation of dissociative identity disorder focuses on: the role of the individual's family during adolescence. the role of psychotropic medications and GABA neurotransmitters. childhood sexual or physical abuse. the role of social relationships.

childhood sexual or physical abuse

Which of the following predisposes an individual to dissociative identity disorder (DID)?: the death of a loved one childhood trauma depression in childhood a genetic disposition for the disorder

childhood trauma

________ is sometimes used in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder. Giving voice Systematic desensitization Flooding Exposure and response prevention

Giving voice

Some studies suggest that ________ may be more likely than other ethnic groups to experience dissociative symptoms in response to traumas.: Black people Native Americans Asians Hispanic people

Hispanic people

High level of anxiety about health and a low threshold for becoming alarmed about their health is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Studies indicate that heightened concerns about somatic sensations and fear of infection have increased which of the following in an effort to cope with this worry?

Increase of ritualistic behaviors

More recent treatments for somatic symptom disorder include developing mindfulness and acceptance skills, acceptance and commitment therapy, and: exposure therapy. ego psychology. dialectical behavioral therapy. Internet-delivered CBT.

Internet-delivered CBT.

Identify the primary forms of dissociative amnesia. (More than one option may be correct.) Postpartum Localized Selective Generalized

Localized Selective Generalized

The essential feature of _______ disorder is that the individual loses neurologic functioning in a part of his or her body, and it is not due to an underlying medical condition.

conversion

People with __________/________ disorder feel detached from their own mental processes or body.

depersonalization/derealization

Repressed memories represent a form of: dissociative amnesia. factitious disorders. depersonalization. somatization.

dissociative amnesia.

The diagnosis name "conversion disorder" was renamed _____

functional neurological symptom disorder

The most common procedure in which multiple personalities are elicited by psychotherapists is: hypnosis. family therapy. role-playing. SCID interviewing.

hypnosis

People with ______ ______ disorder worry that they will develop or have a serious illness but do not always experience severe physical symptoms.

illness anxiety

A study in China discovered in 2020 that the COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase of somatic and anxiety symptoms in the: nonclinical population. population with high comorbidity. vulnerable population over 65. rural population.

nonclinical population.

In the DSM-5-TR, the diagnosis named conversion disorder was renamed functional neurological symptom disorder because _____ and _____ objected to the presumption that psychological distress was converted into physical symptoms.

physicians; patients

Treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety from a psychodynamic perspective may entail providing insight into the connections between emotions and physical symptoms. challenging illness beliefs and misinterpretations of physical symptoms. helping clients avoid catastrophizing physical symptoms. eliminating the reinforcements for physical symptoms.

providing insight into the connections between emotions and physical symptoms.

When a woman believes she is pregnant, but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results, the syndrome is called: misconception syndrome. pseudocyesis. pseudo expectancy. miscarriage.

pseudocyesis.

Dr. Gupta was treating a patient who had conversion disorder symptoms. He felt that the symptoms unconsciously symbolized the specific concerns or memories that his patient had repressed. Dr. Gupta is a _______ therapist.

psychodynamic

Somatic symptom disorder involves _____. Significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause A patient suffering from a diagnosable medical condition A patient ignoring symptoms of a physical illness A single physical complaint

significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause

According to general consensus, the cause of the dissociative disorders is _________ that leads people to experience the splitting apart of their conscious experiences. a serious head injury, usually during young adulthood, forgetfulness, usually during middle adulthood, some type of traumatic event, usually during childhood, alcoholic intoxication, starting usually during adolescence,

some type of traumatic event, usually during childhood,

The active mode in Hilgard's study referred to: the conscious state of mind that registers and stores information without being aware that the information has been processed. the unconscious state of mind that creates pleasant memories. the mind's short-term or working memory that can only hold information for up to 20 seconds. the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary actions.

the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary actions.

The prevalence of somatic symptom disorder in the general population is an estimated Blank______. 20 to 25 percent 1 to 2 percent 5 to 7 percent 15 to 20 percent

5 to 7 percent

Which of the following can cause a dissociative disorder? (Select all that apply.) A traumatic event during childhood An accidental concussion during childhood Sexual abuse during childhood Physical abuse during childhood

A traumatic event during childhood Sexual abuse during childhood Physical abuse during childhood

Two or more distinct personality states. Disruption of identity. Discontinuity in sense of self. Alterations in affect, behavior, and consciousness.: Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Which of the following symptoms are exhibited by children with dissociative identity disorder? (Select all that apply.) Flashbacks Exaggerated startle response Hypervigilance Sleepwalking

Flashbacks Exaggerated startle response Hypervigilance

Occasional episodes of depersonalization and derealization are common, particularly when: an individual experiences too much stress. an individual has overslept. an individual is sleep-deprived. an individual is suffering from a mood disorder.

an individual is sleep-deprived.

Jake arrives at the hospital and is not able to form new memories, such as the name of his current doctor or the location of the hospital. Jake seems to be suffering from: factitious disorder anterograde amnesia. conversion disorder. retrograde amnesia.

anterograde amnesia.

In which of the following disorders does a person experience frequent episodes of feeling detached from their body?: dissociative identity disorder dissociative amnesia depersonalization/derealization disorder dissociative fugue

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Individuals that suffer from large gaps in their memory without assuming new identities most likely suffer from: dissociative amnesia. dissociative identity disorder. depersonalization/derealization disorder. dissociative fugue.

dissociative amnesia.

Ekaterina abruptly left her college dorm. Her family found her five days later in another state, using a new name, without recollection of her previous identity. From what is Ekaterina most likely suffering? dissociative amnesia organic amnesia dissociative fugue dissociative identity disorder

dissociative fugue

Ataque de nervios: involves periods of loss of consciousness. is culturally unacceptable in the Hispanic population. is often diagnosed in European Americans. is caused by injuries to brain structures.

involves periods of loss of consciousness.

Most of the controversy surrounding diagnosing dissociative disorders centers on: using hypnosis as a form of treatment. nonscientific dream interpretation. a lack of brain scan evidence supporting the diagnosis. the recollection of repressed memories.

the recollection of repressed memories.

DSM-5-TR has added the words ________ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criterion more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identifying a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.: "or an experience of possession" "or a religious possession" "communing with god" "and a spiritual trance"

"or an experience of possession"

Which of the following symptoms are associated with dissociative amnesia? (Select all that apply.) Are typically aware that there are large gaps in their memory of themselves Generally remember the traumatic incident that caused the amnesia Cannot remember important facts about their lives Cannot remember their personal identities

Are typically aware that there are large gaps in their memory of themselves Cannot remember important facts about their lives Cannot remember their personal identities

________ disorder involves the translation of psychological conflicts into bodily, motor or sensory symptoms that suggest a neurological or other kind of medical condition. : Body dysmorphic La belle indifference Somatization Conversion

Conversion

Anderson Taylor is a successful prosecuting attorney who wins virtually every case. In several days, Anderson will begin a case that involves the prosecution of a notorious mobster. While walking home, Anderson was accosted by several people. These people assaulted Anderson and made death threats in order to stop the prosecution of the mobster. The next morning, Anderson awakened and was unable to speak. This is an example of _____. Malingering Hypochondriasis Conversion disorder Somatization disorder

Conversion Disorder

Experiences of unreality. Feelings of detachment. Perceptual alterations. Emotional and/or physical numbing. Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder

Depersonalization Disorder

Which of the following are criteria for functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)? (Select all that apply.) Deficit is not better explained by another recognized medical or DSM disorder. Deficit is associated with clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. At least one of the symptoms affects voluntary or sensory function with or without impairment of consciousness. Deficit is caused by a combination of psychological and physical factors.

Deficit is not better explained by another recognized medical or DSM disorder. Deficit is associated with clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. At least one of the symptoms affects voluntary or sensory function with or without impairment of consciousness

Which of the following are criteria for dissociative identity disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events and important personal information Alterations in affect, behavior consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning

Which of the following problems are exhibited by children with dissociative identity disorder? (Select all that apply.) Erratic school performance Prone to narcissistic behavior Alcohol abuse at an early age Prone to antisocial behavior

Erratic school performance Alcohol abuse at an early age Prone to antisocial behavior

An individual who deliberately fakes an illness in order to become a patient would be diagnosed with which of the following?

Factitious disorder imposed on self

True or False: Behavioral theories infer that conversion symptoms represent transferred unconscious anxiety.

False

True or False: People diagnosed with factitious disorder imposed on self try to avoid having to seek medical attention at any cost.

False

true or false: People with illness anxiety disorder ignore mild body sensations.

False

Clinical findings provide evidence of internal inconsistency or incompatible with recognized neurological or medical disease is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

One or more symptoms or deficits present that affect voluntary motor or sensory function, with or without apparent impairment of consciousness is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

People diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder often engage in which of the following? Reassuring others that everything is fine Relaxing after speaking with a doctor Going to multiple physicians seeking help Ignoring symptoms of a real health concern

Going to multiple physicians seeking help

Which of the following are criteria for illness anxiety disorder? (Select all that apply.) High level of anxiety about health Excessive health-related behaviors Must have symptoms continuously for at least 1 month Preoccupation with having a serious illness

High level of anxiety about health Excessive health-related behaviors Preoccupation with having a serious illness

Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder is true? People with dissociative identity disorder feel that they are living in a dream and that their surroundings are not real. Many now believe that the cause of dissociative identity disorder is a sensitivity to the additives in certain foods. Many now believe that the cause of dissociative identity disorder is that these individuals were subjected to emotional or physical trauma. People with dissociative identity disorder feel that they are not real and that they are observing themselves from the outside.

Many now believe that the cause of dissociative identity disorder is that these individuals were subjected to emotional or physical trauma.

The ______ personality is a type of alter that inflicts punishment on the other personalities.

Persecutor

Which of the following symptoms are consistent with a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder? (Select all that apply.) Person may remain at home, suffering in silence and refusing to seek medical advice. Person may avoid a wide range of activities. Person assumes the worst: cancer, stroke, or heart attack. Person may insist on medical procedures, including surgeries.

Person may avoid a wide range of activities. Person assumes the worst: cancer, stroke, or heart attack. Person may insist on medical procedures, including surgeries.

Which of the following are common symptoms of conversion disorder? (More than one option may be correct.) Delusions Seizures Mutism Paralysis

Seizures Mutism Paralysis

Which theory of dissociative identity disorder argues that the alternate personalities are created by patients who adopt the idea of dissociative identity disorder as an explanation that fits their lives? Psychodynamic model Behavioral model Sociocognitive model Humanistic model

Sociocognitive model

Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms is characteristic of: Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Like functional neurological symptom disorder, ______ ______ disorder involves the expression of psychological issues through bodily symptoms without any known medical condition or the effects of a substance.

Somatic Symptoms

Which of the following are symptoms of somatic symptom disorder noted in the text? (Select all that apply.) Does not take symptoms seriously Spends a great deal of energy thinking about their physical symptoms Spends a great deal of time thinking about their physical symptoms Complains about symptoms for a least a month

Spends a great deal of energy thinking about their physical symptoms Spends a great deal of time thinking about their physical symptoms

Which of the following are criteria of somatic symptom disorder? (Select all that apply.) Symptoms present for at least a week Symptoms result in significant disruption of daily life High level of anxiety about health or symptoms Excessive time devoted to the somatic symptoms

Symptoms result in significant disruption of daily life High level of anxiety about health or symptoms Excessive time devoted to the somatic symptoms

Which of the following sometimes occurs when a person with dissociative identity disorder experiences a traumatic event as a child? (Select all that apply.) The host personality becomes a child alter and stays that age for life. They develop an alter who acts as a big brother or big sister. They develop a child alter. The host personality escapes into the protection of psychological oblivion.

They develop an alter who acts as a big brother or big sister. They develop a child alter. The host personality escapes into the protection of psychological oblivion.

Which of the following is true of the behavioral therapist view of functional neurological symptom disorder? (Select all that apply.)

They emphasize the role of conversion symptoms in allowing patients to avoid unwanted responsibilities or situations. They emphasize the role of conversion symptoms in alleviating distress by removing the individual from difficult environments.

True or False: A dissociative disorder can be characterized by a disruption in the normal integration of memory, identity, consciousness, perception, behavior, and motor control that disrupts one or more aspects of psychological functioning.

True

True or False: Somatic symptom disorders can begin at any age.

True

True or False: Studies indicate that people not diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder have experienced an increase in somatic concerns related to COVID-19.

True

True or False: Studies indicate that people not diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder have experienced an increase in somatic concerns related to COVID-19. True false question.

True

Which of the following is not part of the diagnostic features of illness anxiety disorder?: the belief that normal bodily reactions represent serious illnesses a medical symptom that cannot be explained a preoccupation that causes significant distress or impairment a preoccupation that persists despite appropriate medical evaluation

a medical symptom that cannot be explained

In dissociative identity disorder, the multiple personalities present are known as _____.

alters

In dissociative identity disorder, it is assumed that a person develops more than one self or personality. These personalities are referred to as: dissociatives. alters. hosts. faces.

alters.

People with dissociative identity disorder claim to have significant periods of _____.

amnesia

People with dissociative amnesia _____. usually forget everything that happened from adolescence to the present time became amnesic from ordinary forgetfulness are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives get this disorder from a serious head trauma or some other organic cause

are unable to remember information about an event or set of events in their lives

Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of ________, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Hispanic people.: amok susto mal de ojo ataque de nervios

ataque de nervios

Research indicates that the ability and tendency to dissociate as a coping mechanism in dissociative identity disorder may, to some extent _____. be largely determined by environmental factors be mostly avoided by the patient be learned through classical conditioning biologically determined

biologically determined

Unstable relationships, chronic boredom, and self-injurious behavior are all symptoms of: borderline personality disorder. personality disorders. major depressive disorder. dissociative identity disorder.

borderline personality disorder.

Controversy over the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia increased in response to _____. claims that some survivors of childhood sexual abuse repressed their memories of the abuse for years adults confessing to abusing their children many years after the abuse took place the argument that clinical evidence is lacking the lack of empirical support regarding these issues

claims that some survivors of childhood sexual abuse repressed their memories of the abuse for years

Blaine had been studying for weeks for the medical college admission test. Blaine wanted to succeed as a doctor in order to help the rest of the family pay down debts. Blaine felt an inordinate amount of pressure and had an extremely fitful night of sleep the night before the exam. Blaine woke up the next morning and could not see anything. Blaine was blind! Blaine most likely was experiencing a common symptom of _____.

conversion disorder

Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Verna is most likely to be experiencing: dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue. anterograde amnesia. an unconscious fugue. Korsakoff's syndrome.

dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue.

Malala is a 19-year-old woman living in a Bhutanese refugee camp in Nepal. In her home country she was a student activist for democratic reforms and was arrested and tortured by the state police. Now, she cannot remember much of her time in prison. Malala most likely suffers from: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). dissociative amnesia. depersonalization. general anxiety disorder (GAD)

dissociative amnesia.

The disorder in which it appears that the individual has developed more than one personality with its associated sense of self is _____.

dissociative identity disorder

Toni often has blackouts. This is when Tony emerges. Tony is arrogant, assertive, and angry most of the time, whereas Toni is sweet, loving, and happy. Tony smokes, Toni does not. Toni has above average intelligence, Tony has average intelligence. Toni's disorder meets the criteria for _____.

dissociative identity disorder

Individuals with ________ fake symptoms or disorders as part of their need to maintain a sick role.: malingering disorder factitious disorder factitious disorder by proxy malingering disorder by proxy

factitious disorder

A parent who purposely induces illness in a child to receive sympathy and attention from others is displaying: factitious disorder by proxy. factitious disorder. conversion disorder. la belle indifference.

factitious disorder by proxy.

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a: factitious disorder imposed on another. factitious disorder imposed on self. psychosomatic disorder imposed on self .somatic symptom disorder imposed on another.

factitious disorder imposed on another.

Franklin went to his doctor because when he awakened in the morning, he was paralyzed on his left side. After exhaustive medical testing, Franklin's doctor could not find anything physically wrong. Franklin had witnessed a house fire the day before at which people were trapped inside screaming as they were dying. Franklin's symptoms meet the criteria of _____.

functional neurological symptom disorder

Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic, due to symptoms like blindness, seizures, loss of hearing, and mutism? post traumatic stress disorder social anxiety disorder somatic symptom disorder functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)

The treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder is to _____, eliminate the perceptions of trauma that cause the splitting of consciousness help the individual live with having many personalities have all the alters coexist in a coordinated way lock in the repressed memory that caused the disorder so that it does not surface

have all the alters coexist in a coordinated way

Nonbelievers in repressed memories _____. do not have empirical research to justify their claims state there is no such thing as repressed memories, only memories that are forgotten argue there is no clinical evidence to support repressed memory studies have raised questions about the methods and conclusions of repressed memory studies

have raised questions about the methods and conclusions of repressed memory studies

People with functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder): are typically physically challenged from birth. are not usually prone to chronic depression and anxiety. have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function. tend to assume that serious illnesses are uncommon.

have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

Morris is an alter of Gerard, who has dissociative identity disorder. Morris is constantly helping the other personalities out and giving advice. Morris is know as a ______ personality. helper host persecutor busybody

helper

People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be: somewhat suggestible and hypnotizable. suggestible and hypnotizable to a small extent. less suggestible and hypnotizable. highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

Cognitive therapies for somatic symptom disorder focus on: challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations. designing a behavior modification plan with punishers to discourage maladaptive ways of thinking. identifying the behavioral reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms. providing insight into the client's somatization symptoms and discussing early childhood experiences.

identifying the behavioral reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms.

Connor is concerned about bowel rumbling in his gastrointestinal tract. He often feels bloated and is sure he has a mass in his abdomen. He is convinced he has abdominal cancer. He has had numerous diagnostic tests, all of which were negative. Connor may be suffering from _____.

illness anxiety disorder

Dissociative identity disorder: refers to ingrained patterns of dealing with people and situations that lead to maladaptive relationships and feelings of inner distress. is a disorder in which different personalities coexist in a single body. is a common disorder in which a person feels suicidal and unloved. is a disorder that indicates that an individual, when under stress, acts in a way that conflicts with their usual personality style.

is a disorder in which different personalities coexist in a single body.

Some people seem unconcerned about the neurological symptoms displayed in conversion disorder. What is this called? la belle indifference Munchausen's syndrome malingering factitious disorder by proxy

la belle indifference

Maureen was driving her car when an elderly man stepped directly in front her moving vehicle. Unable to stop in time, Maureen struck and killed the elderly gentleman. She had no recollection of the accident or the elderly gentleman. Maureen's symptoms fit the criteria for _____. dissociative fugue localized (selective) amnesia dissociative identity disorder generalized amnesia

localized (selective) amnesia

Dissociative identity disorder was previously termed: multiple personality disorder. multiple identity disorder. multiple dissociations disorder. dissociative personality disorder.

multiple personality disorder.

Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has: repressive amnesia. anterograde amnesia. psychogenic amnesia. retrograde amnesia.

retrograde amnesia.

Minerva has been complaining about numerous aches and pains. She has constant feelings of weakness and is often fatigued. Numerous diagnostic tests have been negative. Despite this, Minerva seeks constant treatment for her ailments. Minerva is probably experiencing _____.

somatic symptom disorder

In dissociative identity disorder, a type of alter is the child alter, ______. which is not a common type who becomes belligerent when under stress who starts out as a child and ages as the individual ages who is a child who never ages with the individual

who is a child who never ages with the individual

People with illness anxiety disorder _____.

worry that they will develop or have a serious illness