Abnormal Psychology Non-Comprehensive Final

Which of the following is a personality disorder recognized by the DSM-5?

Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Individuals with antisocial tendencies:

Are capable of ending their delinquent acts permanently.

According to the study conducted by Stice et al., women with the depressive subtype:

Are less likely to respond well to treatment.

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder:

Are often workaholics who see little need for leisure activities.

Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:

Cannabis.

What do most people with narcolepsy experience in addition to sleepiness?

Cataplexy.

Armando showed behavioral problems in preschool, and they only seem to have gotten worse as he has gotten older. Now that he is in fourth grade, it has become increasingly problematic. His pediatrician suspects that he has a:

Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder.

Which of the following statements is true about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Children with fetal alcohol syndrome have an average IQ of 68.

Which of the following observations is true?

Chronic insomnia is more frequent in women than in men.

The standard DSM-5 levels of functioning scale for diagnosing a personality disorder ranges from 0 to:

4.

Approximately _____ of women experience involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when penetration with a penis, finger, tampon, or speculum is attempted.

5 to 17%

A nationwide study in the United States found that about _____ percent of women could be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

5.

Which of the following is a rapid-acting anesthetic that produces hallucinogenic effects ranging from rapture to paranoia to boredom?

Ketamine.

The results of drug treatment studies for borderline personality disorder have been:

mixed.

According to the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous, the only way to control alcohol intake is to:

Abstain completely.

Defense attorneys suspect impaired competence in their clients in up to ____ % of cases.

10%

The DSM-IV included ______ separate personality disorders.

10.

Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder are chronically unemployed, have a history of unstable relationships, and frequently engage in impulsive physical aggression or abuse their spouse.

75%

A longitudinal study in Oregon, which focused on adolescents with less severe eating disorders which the researchers called partial-syndrome eating disorders, found that approximately _____ of these adolescents had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder when they were in their early 20s.

90%

Which of the following statements is true of the factors contributing to gender identity disorder?

A cluster of cells in the hypothalamus, which plays a role in sexual behavior, has been implicated in multiple studies.

A person who finds it difficult to unravel the underlying meaning of a proverb and is able to interpret it only in its literal sense is experiencing:

A deficit in executive functioning.

Which of the following statements is true of the cultural differences in eating disorders?

A meta-analysis found that bulimia nervosa is considerably more common in Westernized cultures than in non-Westernized cultures.

Which of the following primarily contributes to the fact that the relapse rate for people undergoing any kind of treatment for alcohol abuse and dependency is high?

Abstinence violation effect.

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder tend to seek _____.

Admiration.

In general, _____ are more likely to be diagnosed with dementia.

African Americans.

June is finding it difficult to recognize familiar objects, like tables and chairs, and people, like her close friends and family members. June is probably experiencing _____.

Agnosia.

Which of the following is one of the interpersonal categories on the levels of function scale for diagnosing personality disorders?

Agreeableness.

Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

Alcohol is usually consumed with meals in France.

Ronald Reagan, the former President of the United States, suffered from _____.

Alzheimer's Disease.

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activity among older adults?

Among older adults, the loss of a spouse and discomfort with one's own aging can contribute to sexual problems.

Under the DSM-5 approach, the first step in diagnosing a personality disorder is determining:

An individual's level of functioning.

Rodney is experiencing premature ejaculation and his primary care physician has suggested several antidepressants that may be helpful. Which of the following is Rodney's physician most likely to prescribe?

Anafranil.

Tristan's peers described his as being resentful of others, touchy, and having a short fuse. These are characteristics for oppositional defiant disorder under which category of criteria?

Angry/Irritable Mood.

Fergus has lost one hundred pounds this past year. His weight is 15 percent below what his physician says is a healthy weight for him, yet he refuses to acknowledge his thinness or the serious risks of his self-starvation. Fergus is afraid that if he gains weight, no woman will ever date him again. Fergus is most likely exhibiting _____.

Anorexia Nervosa.

Her teachers and peers consider Alondra aggressive. While walking down the hall at school, she is accidentally bumped by another child. She assumes that the other girl bumped her on purpose and meant to provoke a fight. According to Dodge and Pettit, she is having and issue with her:

Attribution or Interpretation.

Oppositional defiant disorder differs from conduct disorder in that in oppositional defiant disorder children tend to:

Be chronically negativistic.

Plaques are made of deposits of a class of protein called _____.

Beta-Amyloid.

Thea is significantly underweight and disturbed with her body image. She tends to use diuretics and laxatives to keep her weight low. She senses a lack of control over eating. According to DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa, she would most likely be diagnosed with the:

Binge/Purge Type.

Engaging in episodes of recurring overeating and use of laxatives/enemas to keep weight low falls under the _____ type of anorexia nervosa in the DSM-5.

Binge/Purge.

Laurell is of normal weight and is over-concerned with her weight and figure. She often will eat an entire box of doughnuts and then because she feels a lack of control over eating that much will use laxatives to get rid of the unwanted calories. According to the DSM-5 criteria, Laurell will most likely meet the criteria for _____.

Bullimia Nervosa.

Which of the following is one of the top five leading causes of death in the twenty-first century?

Cancer.

Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He has most likely taken:

Cocaine.

_____ therapies have proven helpful for people with avoidant personality disorder.

Cognitive and Behavior.

The most common treatment for intermittent explosive disorder is:

Cognitive-Behavioral.

A loss of sexual desire and functioning is:

Common among people with schizophrenia.

According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, _____ may account for the relatively high rates of violence among the former psychiatric patients and the community comparison group.

Contextual Factors.

Which of the following statements is true of hormone therapy for gender identity disorder?

Cross-sex hormone therapy stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics of the preferred sex and suppresses those of the birth sex.

Abuse of and dependence on alcohol:

Decline as people age.

Which of the following statements is true of competence to stand trial?

Defendants with a long history of psychiatric problems are more likely to be referred for competence evaluations.

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder that involves a persistent pattern of late sleep onset and late awakenings, and an inability to go to sleep or wake up earlier at a desired or conventionally acceptable time?

Delayed Sleep Phase Type.

Which of the following statements is true about the causes of dementia?

Dementia can be caused by a deficiency in thiamine.

Rachel has recently been sentenced to prison. She has a history of substance abuse and other psychopathologies. Which of the following symptoms will most likely go unnoticed in Rachel?

Depression.

_____ involves deficits in fundamental motor skills, such as walking, running, or holding on to objects.

Developmental coordination disorder.

One of the most common biological contributors to sexual dysfunction is:

Diabetes.

According to Stice et al., women with the _____ of binge eating try their best to maintain a strict low-calorie diet, but they frequently fall off the wagon and engage in binge eating.

Dieting subtype.

Families whose members engage in antisocial behaviors may experience a:

Downward Social Drift.

All of the following statements are true regarding people with antisocial personality disorder EXCEPT:

High levels of self-monitoring and self-awareness.

Which of the following statements about coronary heart disease (CHD) is true?

Exercise is effective in reducing both CHD and depression.

Joshua has been discharged from a psychiatric hospital. He was admitted and treated for major depression. Joshua has discontinued his medications and uses alcohol to self-medicate. He has become increasingly violent. Who would most likely be the target of his violence?

Family members.

___ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification.

Fetishistic Disorder.

Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

Five or more drinks within a couple of hours.

_____, a common cause of intellectual disability, is caused when a tip of the X chromosome breaks off.

Fragile X Syndrome.

Howard gains sexual gratification by rubbing against and fondling the body parts of nonconsenting adults. In the context of paraphilia, Howard is most likely engaging in _____.

Frotteurism.

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anorexia involves:

Giving rewards that are contingent on weight gain.

One of two classes of drugs approved to treat the cognitive symptoms of dementia regulates the activity of the neurotransmitter _____.

Glutamate.

Larry is profoundly mentally retarded. His parents were recently killed in a car accident. Larry is unable to care for himself. In the context civil commitment, which of the following criteria does Larry satisfy?

Grave Disability.

_____ provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations.

Guided mastery techniques.

Robert has been experiencing a sexual dysfunction and is seeking medical treatment. Which of the following would be the least likely explanation for his problems?

High levels of testosterone.

People in high-stress jobs are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly if their jobs are:

Highly demanding but provide them little control.

_____ are more likely to receive a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, perhaps because the stress is more common among this group.

Hispanic.

According to research, which of the following groups is more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?

Hispanics.

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is true?

Historically, far more men than women die of cardiovascular disease.

In the DSM-5, _____ is a negative characteristic of the negative affectivity dimension.

Hostility.

Ruth's physician informed her that a single dominant gene on chromosome 4 transmits her condition. She was also told that if one of her parents had the gene, she stood a 50 percent chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disorder. Which disease is her physician most likely referring to?

Huntington's Disease.

_____ can be caused by blood being pushed with too much force by the heart through vessels or by constriction of the vessel walls.

Hypertension.

Studies show that individuals with narcolepsy lack cells in the hypothalamus that secrete a neurotransmitter called _____, which promotes wakefulness.

Hypocretin.

Hypersomnulence could be understood as the opposite of:

Insomnia.

Longitudinal studies have shown that women who:

Internalize the thin ideal are more likely to develop bulimic symptoms.

In _____, the client and the therapist discuss interpersonal problems related to the client's eating disorder, and the therapist works actively with the client to develop strategies to solve these problems.

Interpersonal therapy.

The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating bulimia involves:

Introducing forbidden foods back into the client's diet.

The notion of "diminished capacity" is most closely aligned with the _____ rule.

Irresistible Impulse.

Hugo is cunning, charismatic and sadistic. He never accepts responsibility for his actions and blames his illegal activities on watching violent porn as a child. He most likely _____.

Is a sociopath.

Zain has had a delinquency issue since he was a young child; he lives with Noelle who has no conduct problems. It is likely that he:

Is likely to cease his delinquent acts permanently.

Which of the following is true of the effects of sleep deprivation?

It is cumulative in nature.

Identify the physiological effect of nicotine.

It resembles a fight-or-flight response.

Which drug was used in the 1960s as part of the consciousness-expanding movement and led to reports of "bad trips"?

LSD

Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.

Justus shows a lack of guilt for his actions, a lack of empathy for others, and a lack of concern for performance at school or work. This demonstrates:

Limited Prosocial Emotions.

Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

Low-grade hypertension.

Psychodynamically oriented theorists suggest that the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder are:

Maladaptive strategies for managing emotions and self-views.

The goal of the stop-start technique is for the:

Man to gain control over his ejaculations and to enjoy the sensation of being in the woman's vagina.

Which of the following is a valid research finding?

Married couples who argue more show poorer immunological functioning than other married couples.

Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment method used for nicotine dependence?

Nicotine replacement therapy.

Which of the following is true about disputes over a patient's right to refuse treatment?

Most often clinicians and family members pressure patients to accept treatment, so most patients agree to treatment after initially refusing it.

Which of the following is true about treatment for sexual dysfunction?

Most people who are troubled by sexual dysfunction receive only medication, and no psychological services.

Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among _____ than in the general U.S. population.

Native Americans.

Which of the following brain abnormalities did Alois Alzheimer observe during an autopsy of a 51-year-old patient who had displayed severe memory loss and disorientation in the four years prior to her death?

Neurofibrillary Tangles.

Who is credited with discovering that there is a physiological basis for the ancient theory that laughter is good medicine?

Norman Cousins.

_____ is not designated as an eating disorder by the DSM-5.

Obesity.

People with anorexia nervosa:

Often develop elaborate rituals around food.

During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:

On the Nod.

Which of the following is true of alcohol dependents or abusers in the United States?

Only about 25% of them seek help.

Humberto often loses his temper, argues with his teacher and parents, and his parents report he is vindictive. He is not aggressive toward people or shoplifts but he is hostile in general. Humberto is likely to have a _____.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

In 2012, Ogden et al. estimated that _____ of American adults were obese.

Over one-third.

In the "DSM-5", a _____ would be defined as a specific pattern of urges, fantasies, or behaviors, while diagnosis of a _____ would be given only when it causes distress or impairment, or entails harm or risk of harm to others.

Paraphilia; Paraphillic Disorder.

Researchers conducting a longitudinal study in Oregon, which followed a large group of adolescents, coined the label _____ for syndromes on the less severe end of the continuum of eating disorders that don't meet the full criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa.

Partial-Syndrome eating disorders.

Which of the following statements is true of the difference between the binge/purge type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

People with the binge/purge anorexia type are at least 15 percent below healthy body weight, whereas people with bulimia nervosa typically are at normal weight or somewhat overweight.

The number of separate personality disorders was _____ between the DSM-IV and the DSM-5.

Reduced from 10 to 6.

Nadia excludes other girls from play, gossips about her "friends," and has ganged up with other girls to cyber bully others. These are examples of:

Relational Aggression.

In the DSM-IVTR autism was included in a category called _____.

Pervasive Development Disorders.

A comprehensive assessment of how people sleep can be obtained by a _____ evaluation.

Polysomnographic.

All of the following are components of the Type A pattern as originally formulated, EXCEPT:

Predictability of reactions.

Raine et al. found that differences in the brains between males and females with antisocial personality disorder accounted for the differences in the number of antisocial symptoms they had. Specifically, it was differences in the volume of the:

Prefrontal Cortex.

Which of the following statements is true regarding treatment for antisocial personality disorder?

Psychotherapy tends to focus on controlling anger and impulsive behaviors, developing coping strategies, and increasing empathy.

All of the following are pathological personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

Psychoticism.

Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder tend to rate higher than do people with other personality disorders on the dimension of:

Psychoticism.

Which of the following statements is true about the different learning disorders?

Reading disorder affects about 4% of children.

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapies for intermittent explosion disorder?

SSRIs, norepinepherine reuptake inhibitors and mood stabilizers have reduced aggression in individuals with this disorder.

Mechanical interventions are available for men with erectile dysfunction. One such device is a hydraulic inflatable device, which allows a man to create an erection by pumping _____ into rods inserted in the penis.

Saline.

Individuals like Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie "Rain Man", who show an exceptionally high ability in one area but also have a moderate intellectual disability, are considered _____.

Savants.

Reggie is uninteresting, dull, and humorless. He is aloof and reclusive, rarely responds to people saying "Good morning" or "Hello" to him, and often doesn't understand jokes. If Reggie were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would most likely be:

Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

Teresa seems emotionally detached. Most people think that she is a snob. Teresa likes activities where she can be alone. She views relationships with others as unrewarding, messy, and intrusive. She has very few friends outside of her first-degree relatives. Teresa is most likely to be diagnosed with:

Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

_____ are sometimes used to reduce the social anxiety of people with avoidant personality disorder.

Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

People with _____ actively avoid sexual activities. When they do engage in sex, they may feel sickened by it or experience acute anxiety.

Sexual interest/arousal disorder.

Sarah feels sex is not exciting and has barely had any sexual relations with her husband since her daughter, Amy, was born. Sarah is most likely experiencing _____.

Sexual interest/arousal disorder.

Kayla has been diagnosed with moderate intellectual disability. Which of the following is mostly likely to be true about her?

She may not be able to travel alone or shop or cook for herself.

Two drugs currently approved in the U.S. for weight loss are:

Sibutramine and orlistat.

The diagnosis of _____ is given in the DSM-5 when a person's recurrent use of a substance results in significant harmful consequences.

Substance Abuse.

Clea has been using cocaine for a while now. She has been without any cocaine for 24 hours and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. She is most likely showing signs of:

Substance Withdrawal.

Which of the following best describes a stroke?

Sudden damage to an area of the brain due to the blockage of blood flow or hemorrhaging

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than children without a psychological disturbance to belong to families:

That experience frequent disruptions, and aggressive parents.

Amenorrhea refers to:

The absence of menstrual periods.

Which scenario is the most appropriate application of the grave disability criterion?

The inability to feed oneself.

Which of the following statements is true about sexual sadism and sexual masochism?

The sexual rituals in sadism and masochism involve physical restriction, the administration of pain, hypermasculinity practices, and humiliation.

In _____, the partner applies pressure to the tip of the penis when ejaculation is imminent.

The squeeze technique.

In the event that the defendant, Carson, is judged incompetent to stand trial, _____.

The trial may be postponed as long as there is reason to believe he will become competent.

For a diagnosis of sexual sadism to be made, which of the following criteria must be met in addition to sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving inflicting pain and humiliation on the person's sex partner?

The urges and behavior must cause the person significant distress or impairment in functioning or involve a nonconsenting partner.

Mark likes to dress up in women's clothing. He is especially fond of formal eveningwear. Mark's behavior is an example of _____.

Transvestism.

Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration.

Therapist who work with people with gender identity disorder typically:

Try to help them clarify their gender identity and desire for treatment.

The criterion of "dangerousness to self" is most often invoked:

When it is believed that a person is imminently suicidal.

Diversion from jail into community-based treatment programs is especially likely to be a goal when the offender is a(n) _____.

Youth.

A diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire would be made when an individual:

does not initiate sexual activity due to a lack of desire, does not fantasize about sex, and may be unresponsive when a partner initiates sex.

Spectatoring involves:

individuals anxiously attending to reactions and performance during sex as if they were spectators.

A problem associated with the M'Naghten rule is: Correct!

it requires that a person not know right from wrong at the time of the crime in order to be judged not guilty by reason of insanity.

Almost 90 percent of the people who are acquitted after pleading the insanity defense are _____, and two-thirds are _____.

male; white.

Children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder: (regarding cortisol)

show abnormal cortisol levels both at rest and in response to a stressor.

The disease model of alcoholism predicts that because of biological, psychological, and spiritual deficits,:

some people will lose all control over their drinking once they have one drink.

The second stage of sleep includes _____________ short runs of rhythmical responses of 12 to 16 hertz.

spindles.

The ruling in Barrett v. United States (1977) established:

that temporary insanity created by the voluntary use of alcohol or drugs did not qualify a defendant for acquittal by reason of insanity.

The ruling in Durham v. United States (1954) established:

that the insanity defense could be used for any crimes that were the product of a mental disease or mental defect.

O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) established:

the unconstitutionality of confining a nondangerous individual.