abnormal psychology set 1

what are the 4 D's?

1. deviance 2. distress 3. dysfunction 4. danger

how is abnormal behavior defined?

1. deviance from the norm 2. difficulty adapting to lifes demands (e.g. dysfunction)... including danger 3. personal distress

what makes studying behavior so difficult?

1. difficult to predict ------> past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior 2. multiply determined ------> many factors contribute to behavioral outcome. 3. Psychological influences are not independent ------> factors influence each other... causality? 4. People influence eachother ------> mutual influence of behavior

what is mental illness?

A constellation of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors causing destress, disfunction, or bad feelings.

who was Galen and what did he contribute?

Another Greek physician who made more scientific advancements and like Hippocrates took a scientific approach. He did early mapping of the nervous system and how it related to different psychological disorders. He studied psychological disorders and put them in mental a physical categories.`

What mental illness treatment developments emerged during the Renaissance?

At the end of the middle ages and the beginning of the Renaissance there was a resurgence of scientific questions. Physicians focused on bodily function and medical treatment. Unfortunately during this time a new approach using institutions was brought into play. These asylums were created primarily to hold people with metal illness so they were off the streets. This meant that people weren't receiving proper treatment and the living conditions were often very poor. These mental institutions grew rapidly around the world and thought of "sanity as a choice"q

how was mental illness perceived in the middle ages?

In the middle east there were still advancements of Greek medicine however in there was a return of supernatural theory in Europe after the fall of the Roman empire. Demon possession and witch craft became a prominent explanation of abnormal behavior, treatment was often things like exorcism and prayer. Mass madness became prominent again as groups of people w1111ould show signs of the same illness and also people would be scared they were coming down with a mental illness.

What is stigma? Public versus private? How do you combat stigma?

It is the characterization by others of disgrace or reproach based on an individual characteristic. Public stigma is the general disgrace the public confers on people with mental disorders that can result in prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. ex. people with mental disorders experiencing difficulty securing a home or job. Private or self stigma is the disgrace people assign themselves because of public stigma; this can effect self-esteem or or cause an individual to ignore their symptoms all together. We can combat stigma in two ways: education and promoting personal contact.

what was the humanitarian reform//who created it//who followed after him?

Phillip Pinel was a key leader in this movement, he was in charge of a mental institution in Paris. He was the deplorable conditions and knew great change needed to be made. He introduced revolutionary, experimental, and more humane treatment of patients. He unchained patients and placed them in sunlight and promoted things like exercise and kindness to patients. These changes caused dramatic results and peace and order was restored to these mental institutions. William Tuke followed his lead and established the York retreat in England... Many after this did the same.

what are the three types of of prevention?

Primary prevention- Involves targeting large groups of people, sometimes the entire public, who have not yet developed a mental disorder. ex. anti-drug commercials to reduce substance use secondary prevention- Addressing emerging problems while they are still manageable and before they come resistant to intervention. People at risk for a particular problem are addressed to prevent a full-blown disorder. Tertiary prevention- Reducing the severity, duration, and negative effects of mental disorders after it has occurred. It is different from primary and secondary prevention because it aims to lessen the effects of an already existing metal illness.

what was moral treatment?

The humane type of care emphasized during the reform movement period

What major developments in mental illness treatment emerged in the 20th century?

The modern approach to abnormal psychology includes accepting those with mental disorders as people who need professional attention; scientific, biomedical, and psychological methods are used to understand and treat mental disorder.

what is the modern view on abnormal behavior?

Theories of abnormal behavior and mental illness are scientific or experimentally oriented. Abnormal behavior is now viewed as having both biological and psychological influences. Treatments of those suffering from mental illness is empirically-driven. It now focuses on the degree of the symptoms rather than the presence/absence of them

what was the mental hygiene movement?

This movement emerged from from Clifford beards 1908 book. This was the science of promoting mental health and thwarting mental disorder through education, early treatment, and public health measures.

what is trephining and why is it relevant?

Was when they drilled a hole in the skull because they believed because they believed the people were possessed by evil spirits, this was mainly but done in some men as well. This was the earliest attempt at treating mental illness.

What are the roles of diversity and multiculturalism in mental illness?

cultural, gender, and other group variations impact the presentation, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders.`

what is deviance?

part of the 4 D's-- Is the behavior uncommon or statistically significant Bell curves don't always work for this because of things like outstanding athletic or mental abilities... Although these are considered deviant from the norm they are not maladaptive to the persons daily lives... ex. Micheal Phelps

what is dysfunction?

part of the 4 D's-- does the behavior lead to some type of impairment or interfere with ones life?

what is danger?

part of the 4 D's-- if its dangerous towards self or others only definition where by itself someones behavior can be considered abnormal

what is distress?

part of the 4 D's--does the behavior cause distress for the person? ex. psychosomatic disorder

what is psychopathology?

scientific study of mental illness.

who was Hippocrates and what did he contribute to our understanding of psychology?

was considered the father of early medicine. He was credited with the emergence of a more scientific viewpoints for things like clinical observation, importance of brain, and genetics. he also had early attempts at classification with biological explanation He rejected demons and evil spirits as cause of abnormal behavior or dysfunction, he recommended treatments that would restore brain function and repair. His treatment of abnormal behavior was a therapeutic approach which is still used widely today.