ABT Training
Which of the following is true about chaining? It involves making large steps toward a goal It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills It involves moving the steps in the chain backward in all cases It involves waiting to see if the person can complete the steps independently
It involves a step-wise progression of similar skills
What impact does reinforcement have on a behavior?
It increases a behavior
Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement? It decreases a behavior. It decreases a reaction to a stimulus. It increases a behavior. It increases dependency.
It increases a behavior
True or False: Allegations that go unreported are just as serious as the actual abuse or neglect
True
Which of the following is an activity that would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session?
Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques
Which of the following prompt sequences is the preferred one to use in listener responding programs? Least-to-mostMost-to-leastRandom sequenceHand over hand then gestural
Most-to-least
Which of the following approaches are used to teach listener responding? Discovery learningNatural environment teachingConstructivist teachingCenter-based learning
Natural environment teaching
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals? Incidental Teaching Early Start Denver Model Natural environment teaching Pivotal Response Treatment
Natural environment teaching
Aisha's personal care aide refuses to help her with feeding and toileting for long periods of time.
Neglect
An employee yells, "Don't touch that stove!" at an individual. The person starts to cry. Is this an example of abuse?
No
The study of quality of life began with a branch of psychology called: Positive Psychology Quality Psychology Dialectical Behavioral TherapyPsychotherapy
Positive Psychology
Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking away something in order to decrease behavior Positive reinforcement involves taking something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves giving something in order to increase behavior Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves punishment in order to increase behavior
Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior
Certain conditions can contribute to environments that can cause abuse and neglect to occur
Programs that provide extensive training to their employees
What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session? Training interventionists have received Whether or not the child was feeling well that day Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior Interventionist opinion on how the session went
Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior
The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that: Punishment is a first line of intervention. Punishment is a preferred and effective treatment. Punishment is a necessary treatment in most cases. Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed.
Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed.
Which terms replaced "responsible certificant" in the latest RBT updates?
RBT Requirements Coordinator and RBT Supervisor
Which of the following is true regarding the role of the RBT in the behavior intervention process? RBTs design interventions for individuals RBTs plan functional assessment tasks RBTs implement behavior intervention plans RBTs design and implement behavior interventions
RBT's implement behavior intervention plans
Skinner used the term "operant conditioning" to describe: Conditioned reflexes exhibited by dogs Rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full Interventions for those who display self-injury All the techniques used in Applied Behavior Analysis
Rats pressing a lever to receive food until they were full
Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session? Gather materials and reinforcers and chat with colleagues about the individual Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data and check your schedule Gather materials and reinforcers and discuss what you should do with your supervisor Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as: Echoics, mands, and tacts Receptive identification, mands, and tacts Receptive identification, tacts, and echoics Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Videoconferencing and webcams can be used in RBT supervision.
True
For which of the following examples is it critical to seek clinical supervision?
When a client displays unexpected behavior
If someone communicates with you about an incident of abuse and neglect, what is the best way to respond to the individual?
Believe what they are telling you
Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block a hit is a: Reinforcement strategy Replacement behavior strategy Consequence strategy Behavior function strategy
consequence strategy
What is an interobserver agreement (IOA)? When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior When 2 data collectors agree on the function of a behavior based on the data When 2 data collectors agree on the existence of a behavior When 2 data collectors agree on data collection methods for a behavior
when 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior
Which of the following is an example of a target for selecting an item using an adverb? "Choose the one that goes quickly.""Choose the large one.""Choose the one that makes a noise.""Choose the one that you like the best."
"Choose the one that goes quickly."
Which of the following is a tact? "Dog!" when a dog was seen. "French fries" when asked "What do you want to eat?" "Tomato soup" when asked "What do you eat with a spoon that is hot?" "Go 'round and 'round" when hearing "The wheels on the bus"
"Dog!" when a dog was seen.
Which of the following is an example of an advance listener responding skill? "Show me the banana" from an array of 3."Show me the banana" from a messy array of 6."Put the banana in the box.""Put the banana behind the box."
"Put the banana behind the box."
Signs of Neglect
1. Disappearing from contact with neighbors or friends 2. Appearing hungry or losing weight 3. Acting disoriented or confused 4. Wearing soiled or inappropriate clothes 5. Appearing unwashed or disheveled 6. Not showing up for appointments 7. Not taking prescribed medications
What is the estimated percentage of self-injurious behaviors that have automatic reinforcement as the function according to Hagopian et al. (2015)? 3% 25% 60% 90%
25%
At about what age do children start to answer who, what, and where questions? 2 to 3 years 3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years 5 to 6 years
3 to 4 years
Which would be the next step in a shaping program to increase time on task from 3 minutes? 1 minute 3 minutes 4 minutes 8 minutes
4 Minutes
The Renewal Competency Assessment requires __ skills to be demonstrated with clients.
5
Intermediate learners should respond to: Simple verbs with models50 simple noun/verb combinationsDirections using adjectives and adverbsWritten multi-step directions
50 simple noun/verb combinations
Which of the following is an example of an exploitative relationships? A grateful mother baking a cake for her child's ABA team A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store Two co-workers flirting with each other An RBT thanking her mentor for being supportive
A BCBA agreeing to take a child on his caseload if the parent of the child receiving services will agree to give a discount on power tools at his hardware store
Which of the following violates the Professional and Compliance Code Element that addresses "disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis": Giving credit to an author of an article while training staff on the procedure illustrated in the article Informing the BACB when your address has changed Putting a statement on a company website that says "ABA is grounded in scientific research" A brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy"
A brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy"
Which of the following is an example of using a token economy?
A child receives point for correct responses to exchange for an activity later on
Which of the following statements provides an example of stimulus control? A dog running in the grass in the afternoon. A child asking to go to the park after school. A child sees a cookie and then asks for it Birds flying through the sky on a clear day.
A child sees a cookie and then asks for it
Martin is creating a reinforcer menu for 5 to 7 year olds in his social play group. Which of the following descriptions of the menu would be best for this group?
A large poster in the room with photos of 5 items and a visual representation of how many tokens each costs
When people refer to the "medical model" of disability they are speaking of how disability used to be viewed as: An illness that could be cured using modern medicine. Something that required intensive hospitalization. A medical problem caused by people who are born "wrong" or with "defects." A small version of a fatal human sickness.
A medical problem caused by people who are born "wrong" or with "defects"
Water might have a value-altering effect when: A person doesn't normally drink water A person is very thirsty A person does not like water A person is very hungry
A person is very thirsty
What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer? A secondary reinforcement is given long after the behavior is displayed A primary reinforcer offers more options for reinforcement A secondary reinforcer is not as important as a primary reinforcer A primary reinforcer is one that an individual does not have to learn to value
A primary reinforcer is one that an individual does not have to learn to value
What is a stimulus class? A set of stimuli with no attributes in common A set of stimuli with all the same attributes A set of stimuli that might share a common attribute A set of stimuli that share a common attribute
A set of stimuli that share a common attribute
In order to be effective, a quality of life approach to services must be used in the context of: A good educational and training program A small- to medium-sized community A good public health delivery system A system of individualized supports
A system of individualized supports.
Which of the following is an example of how stimulus control could be augmented? A timer to signal how long to brush teeth Ignoring requests for assistance Reinforcing only independent responses Providing more prompts than necessary
A timer to signal how long to brush teeth
Which of the following token forms would be best for a young child receiving discrete trials?
A token board with 3 spaces exchanged for reinforcers during the session
Which step in implementing a token economy comes after the individual displays the target behavior?
A token is delivered to the individual
Which of the following is an illustration of reflexivity in relation to stimulus equivalence? A=A A=B A=B, A=C A=C
A=A
Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs. discrete trials? Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors Target behaviors Prompt levels Name and date
Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors
Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an: Early skillAdvanced skillIntermediate skillAutonomous skill
Advanced skill
Which of the following statements is the best way to describe this particular behavioral intervention to a parent of a child receiving the intervention? After John has written 3 letters of his name, give him a small piece of crunchy cereal. TB = write 3 letters, R+ = edible After the display of the target behavior, reinforce John on a FR3 schedule with edible reinforcers. Sd --> R --> S(r)
After John has written 3 letters of his name, give him a small piece of crunchy cereal.
Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered: After a specific number of responses have been displayed After a latency period of at least 5 minutes After a specified amount of time has elapsed After 2 or more people agree that the behavior has been displayed
After a specified amount of time has elapsed
Variable interval schedules of reinforcement occur: After an unpredictable amount of time has passed After a predictable amount of time has passed After an unpredictable number of responses have been displayed After a predictable number of responses have been displayed
After an unpredictable amount of time has passed
The Initial RBT Competency Assessment should be implemented:
After the 40-hour training and before applying to take the exam
Natural supports are: Supports that change or adapt specific settings. Opportunities for status, recognition or increased involvement. Supports that build competence and skill. All of a persons relationships, associations, and networks.
All of a persons relationships, associations, and networks.
According to the BACB, a client's record should be: Stored in a manner that it cannot be accessed by those who are not authorized to see it Stored according to local laws and regulations Stored according to local laws and regulations All of the above
All of the above
RBT Requirements Coordinators are responsible for:
All supervision activities of RBTs across an organization
Which of the following interventionist actions is likely to be observed during naturalistic intervention? Providing cues for responses in isolation and then providing them in less structured settings Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD) Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item and letting them have it before delivering a discriminative stimulus (SD) Providing cues for response in the context of ongoing activities and waiting until the learner is willing to respond
Allowing the learner to approach a reinforcing item but blocking access until they respond to a discriminative stimulus (SD)
Stimulus control occurs when: An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another An individual behaves the same way in the presence of 2 or more stimuli An individual has control over the stimuli they choose to respond to An individual behaves differently in the presence of the same stimulus resulting in different motivations for the behavior
An individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and differently in the presence of another
What is a mandatory reporter?
Any individual who is required by law to report any suspected abuse or allegations of abuse.
Not considered behavioral signed of abuse
Appearing with torn, stained, or bloody clothing
Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems? Analytic Conceptual Technological Applied
Applied
Being punctual means: Arriving within 5 minutes of session start times Arriving just in time to begin the session Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare Punctuality is less important than providing a great session
Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare
Which of the following items was deleted from the previous version of the competency assessment?
Assist with functional assessment
Which of the following is a learner characteristic that could impact the development of stimulus control? Attending skills Stimulus salience Masking Overshadowing
Attending skills
Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor? Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback. Ask for assistance only after you have asked colleagues and treat them with respect. Be friendly and challenge any inaccurate feedback immediately to avoid any confusion as to what to do. Make sure that they know that you are the best staff member they supervise and always agree with them.
Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback.
Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior? Because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met Because just suppressing a problem behavior provides a way for an individual to learn new behaviors Because replacement behaviors are always required by behavior intervention plans Because families need a way to know that a child's behavior is improving
Because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met
Why are token systems considered to be "flexible"?
Because tokens can be traded for a choice of different reinforcers
When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session? When the learner has had some mild behavior issues or is not paying attention at all Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD) When the learner appears to be tired and is exhibiting noncompliant behaviors After 20 minutes or when your supervisor tells you to
Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)
Which of the following statements is true? Behavior is always value driven. Behavior is neutral. Behavior is always negative. Behavior is always positive.
Behavior is neutral
The "behavioral" dimension of ABA refers to: Being able to observe and measure behavior Interventions being based on a theory Effectiveness of interventions Being able to produce similar results in different environments
Being able to observe and measure behavior
Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior? Being hungry Being told to "look at me" Being in a quiet environment Being thirsty
Being in a quiet environment
If someone communicates with you about an incident of abuse, be sure to follow some basic rules in responding:
Believe Respect Support Assist Protect Privacy
Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to: Discourage inappropriate behavior Establish new behaviors Maintain new behaviors Maintain non-functional behaviors
Establish new behaviors
What is the best thing to do when a person sees signs of abuse.
Call the person designated to receive reports.
In which scenario would the reinforcer be effective and ethical to use?
Charlie completed a math quiz. He turned in his paper and received a point on his work completion card.
Which of the following is an example of using natural environment teaching (NET) to teach receptive discrimination? A match to sample task from a field of 3A match to sample task from a messy arrayChoosing a spoon from a drawer full of utensilsChoosing a spoon from an array of utensils presented on a table
Choosing a spoon from a drawer full of utensils
Which of the following is a target for a skill for selecting an object according to feature? Choosing a ball when ball is requestedChoosing all the green ballsChoosing a doll when it is requestedChoosing an item according to its label
Choosing all the green balls
When it is necessary to use "categories" of behaviors to be reinforced in token systems, which of the following needs to happen?
Clearly define the behaviors that fall within those categories
Which of the following can RBTs do in relation to implementing intervention plans? Create a plan based on the data Change a plan based on the data Collect data on the effectiveness of the plan Inform the team members when the plan is not working
Collect data on the effectiveness of the plan
When using a token system in a naturalistic intervention, it can be challenging to:
Communicate the link between the behavior and receipt of the token at the time the behavior is displayed
Which of the following statements is true regarding learning complex behaviors? Complex behaviors can be learned at once Complex behaviors cannot be learned all at once Complex behaviors are learned quickly Complex behaviors are taught in complex ways
Complex behaviors cannot be learned all at once
You provide support Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. While talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take?
Contact your agency's designer investigator
To prepare for a discrete trial session, you must gather the skill acquisition plan, materials, reinforcers, and __________. Extra items to use for trials Toys that the child will want to play with Puzzles and other games Data collection sheets or devices
Data collection sheets or devices
Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to: Increase rates of behavior across settings Increase the time from the display of one behavior to the next Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next Reinforce behaviors that typically occur only at high rates
Decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next
Which prompt fading strategy involves using the most intrusive prompt initially then fading to a less intrusive prompt? Increasing assistance Decreasing assistance Stimulus fading Graduated guidance
Decreasing assistance
To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must: Deliver the discriminative stimuli (SD) slowly Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly Provide a lot of time between trials Wait to reinforce at the end of the session
Deliver discriminative stimuli (SD) quickly
Verbal operants are: Speech produced by individuals Behavior that is verbally related Different purposes of verbal behavior Expressive communication
Different purposes of verbal behavior
Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that: Discrete trial instruction is child-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are adult initiated Discrete trial instruction is more effective than naturalistic teaching strategies Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated Naturalistic teaching strategies are more effective than discrete trial instruction
Discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated
If someone communicates with you about an incident of abuse, don't do these things when responding:
Doubt Judge Blame Punish Share with Others
When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session? During the intertrial interval After the discriminative stimulus (SD) is delivered While the learner is responding After the entire session has ended
During the intertrial interval
Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person worry or have serious concerns about things that matter to them? Emotional Well-Being Rights Personal Development Physical Well-Being
Emotional Well-Being
Which of the following best describes a situation of disability-specific abuse?
Eric needs assistance transferring into a toilet, and sometimes left on the toilet for hours.
The 2 main functions of behavior are: Control and attention Escape and gain Escape and sensory Gain and control
Escape and gain
Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are: Escape and gain Power and control Attention and social praise Avoiding and escaping
Escape and gain
Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention? Make sure that all members can communicate adequately Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group Make sure a craft is available for all the members of the group Make sure all the members can take turns and play simple games
Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group
Which of the following is true about token economies used in school-wide systems?
Expectations must be identified and taught
An RBT can be the employer of their supervisor.
False
True or False: False reports of abuse and neglect are very common for people with disabilities.
False
True or False: If there is consensual sexual activity between an employee and an individual with IDD, then it is not considered sexual abuse.
False
Beth's DSP uses Beth's money for her own meal when they go to a fast food restaurant.
Financial Exploitation
Considered to be signs of physical abuse
Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms or wrists
Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation: Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance Fred is hungry so watching video clips as a reinforcer is not working Fred is not hungry so watching video clips as a reinforcer is working Fred doesn't like crackers so they are not good reinforcers for him
Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
Which type of reinforcer assessment involves allowing the learner access to many items at one time and observe what they interact with the most? Informational interview Caregiver interview Free operant Multiple stimulus without replacement
Free operant
Which of the following ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering questions about the properties of an item? Fill-ins Questions and dialogue Function, feature, or category Who and where questions
Function, feature, or category
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? Taking away a homework assignment for doing classwork Telling a child no when she asks for a cookie Telling someone to empty the dishwasher Giving someone a compliment for doing good work
Giving someone a compliment for doing good work
Any reinforcer that has the potential to affect the health of the client adversely if used inappropriately or in excess is called a: Harmful reinforcer An ineffective reinforcer A punisher An aversive treatment
Harmful reinforcer?
When using discrete trials to teach beginning mands, you should: Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts Hold the reinforcer in sight and wait until the learner says its name Hold the reinforcer out of sight and use echoic discriminative stimuli Hold the reinforcer out of sight and have the learner scroll through what they want
Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts
Which of the following is done before using natural environment teaching with a learner? Identify activity routines that provide cues for respondingDeliver reinforcers immediately after respondingFade prompts as quickly as possiblePrompt responding to the cue
Identify activity routines that provide cues for responding
Which of the following is an explanation of the "Dead Man's Test"? If a dead man can do it, then it is a behavior. If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior. If a dead man once did it, then it is a behavior. If a dead man can do it, then it might be a behavior.
If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior.
Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: What kind of feedback does this person get from family and friends? Personal development Interpersonal relationships Rights Self-determination
Interpersonal relationships
When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention? If the client says they want to be on camera If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring. It is acceptable always because there is a consent to treat document on file. It is never acceptable to videotape a client.
If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring.
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer? If the learner is only slightly reluctant to start work If the learner never wants the session to end If the learner shows fewer behavior problems than before If the learner approaches you and the session easily
If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Although components of shaping programs sometimes need to be retaught, shaping always moves: In a forward direction In a backward direction In two or more directions In a random direction
In a forward direction
Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy? Precision teaching Discrete trial instruction Function based assessment Incidental teaching
Incidental teaching
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to: Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next Decrease the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next Decrease the display of the behavior overall Increase the number of behaviors displayed during a given interval
Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next
If an RBT is unknowingly assigned to work with a relative, which of the following is the best course of action for the RBT to take? Just take the assignment and make the best of it. Quit Inform the supervisor of the situation and assure the supervisor that the relationship will not interfere with the work. Inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client.
Inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client.
In studying problem solving behavior in kittens, Thorndike used which term to describe behaviors they displayed to escape an enclosure by pulling a string on a latch? Operant conditioning Classical conditioning Instrumental behavior Inappropriate behavior
Instrumental behavior
When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone: Knows the background of the child Knows how to intervene using techniques for all types of interventions Knows when to stop the intervention and use a discrete trial Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
Fixed ratio schedules are best used for: Maintaining a behavior Extinguishing a behavior Decreasing alternative behaviors Learning a new behavior
Learning a new behavior
Ways DSPs can help reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect
Limit the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to: Increase behavior and decrease inappropriate behavior Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule Increase problem behavior and decrease appropriate behavior Provide the opportunity for the behavior not to be reinforced
Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule
Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function? Running out of the room Staring at a ceiling fan in a room Making silly noises Hiding in a closet
Making silly noises
Which of following is true of mandatory reporters?
Mandatory reports must report any alleged or suspected incidents of abuse or neglect, event if they did not witness it
Which of the following best describes "match to sample"? Selecting items based on their attributesFollowing a one-step directionMatching an item to an identical oneChoosing the correct item after a cue is delivered
Matching an item to an identical one
Jake's DSP calls him "retarded" and makes fun of his Down Syndrome.
Mental or Emotional Abuse
Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)? Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand. Mike gets a point after every 3rd time he raises his hand. Mike gets 2 points after he has raised his hand during a class period. Mike gets a point after each class period he does not have a problem behavior.
Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand
When delivering a naturalistic intervention in public, it is important to: Make sure people in the area know you are delivering intervention Minimize attention drawn to prompting or redirection Make sure the learner knows that others are aware that they may be watched Maximize attention to the learner so they do not feel singled out
Minimize attention drawn to prompting
As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to: Reinforce attempts at making the sound Ask the learner to produce the sound Model the sound Reinforce any sounds the learner produces
Model the sound
Sarah is helping Kendra, a woman with a moderate intellectual disability, cook breakfast in the morning. Kendra attempts to touch the hot stove, and Sarah yells "Don't touch that!" To her is this considered abuse?
No, it is not. Yelling is not ideal, but it it preventing Kendra from causing harm to herself.
Which of the following could be considered a violation of the portion of the RBT Ethics Code that addressed accurate representation of of credentials and work?
Not renewing credentials and still claiming to have a current RBT status
Which of the following schedules for exchanging tokens for back-up reinforcers might be best for a class of 5th graders
Once a week
What is not true of neglect?
Only occurs to older adults with disabilities
Which of the following is an illustration of most-to-least prompting? Modeling, full physical, gestural, positional Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural Gestural, partial physical, modeling, positional Visual, gestural, positional, partial physical
Partial physical, modeling, visual, gestural
Ethical codes and supervision of behavior analytic services are important because: Most behavior analysis practitioners do not consistently engage in ethical behavior. Behavior analytic interventions are dangerous People receiving behavior analytic interventions are subject to abuse. People receiving behavior analytic interventions are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available.
People receiving behavior analytic interventions are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available.
Which of the following is true of abuse and neglect of individuals with disabilities?
People with IDD are at a greater risk of experiencing abuse and neglect then people without IDD.
Which of the core domains deals with a person's opportunities for lifelong learning and exploring things that are of interest to them? Social inclusion Rights Self-determination Personal development
Personal development
Sam's personal care aide is rough with him while dressing him and leaves bruises on his arm
Physical Abuse
Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse?
Physical abuse
Forms of Abuse
Physical abuse Sexual abuse Mental or emotional abuse Neglect Financial exploitation
Which of the following can be done to try to elicit a request (mand) from a child? Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it. Place the reinforcer within arms reach of the child. Ask the child what they want with no reinforcer visible. Do not make a reinforcer available and wait to for the request.
Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it
Which of the following illustrates an FR3 schedule of reinforcement? Reinforced after the 3rd correct response Reinforced after the 1st then 2nd then 3rd response Reinforced after 3 minutes of responding Reinforced after an average of 3 responses
Reinforced after the 3rd correct response
Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th
Which of the following is true in reference to tacts and reinforcement? Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact Reinforcement is specific to the tact The tact is not something that can be reinforced Social reinforcement is the only way to reinforce a tact
Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact
Which of the following is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)? Reinforcers won't work if they aren't in effect Reinforcers work better when they are in effect MOs are solely responsible for the display of a behavior MOs are seldom responsible for the display of a behavior
Reinforcers work better when they are in effect
Consequence interventions involve: Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing the display of undesirable behavior Reducing undesirable behaviors and punishing inappropriate behaviors Reinforcing desired behaviors and reinforcing undesirable behaviors Reinforcing undesirable behaviors and teaching replacement behaviors
Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing the display of undesirable behavior
Behavioral shaping involves: Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior Reinforcing successive approximations of a smaller behavior Reinforcing only the terminal behavior in a chain Reinforcing multiple steps of a behavior at one time
Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is: Repeated pairing of an aversive stimulus with a reinforcing one Repeated pairing of an aversive stimulus with a consequence Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a punishing one Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
When teaching someone to learn to follow simple directions, which target would be among the first to be implemented? Getting a ball from across the roomPlacing a ball under a boxRolling a ball without a modelRolling a ball with a model
Rolling a ball with a model
Which of the following is a behavior? Being in compliance Having a good attitude Running a race Being inappropriate
Running a race
Which of the following is an example of an echoic? Say "juice." "Juice." "What is that?" "What color is your new shirt?" "Tell me how many legs a spider has."
Say "juice." "Juice."
Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal? Saying "snack time" when hungry Saying "it's a balloon" when seeing a balloon Saying "horse" when seeing a horse Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"
Saying "I like chocolate" What do you like?
A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention? Incidental teaching Natural environment teaching Milieu teaching Script fading
Script fading
A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduced. This is an example of: Script fading Milieu teaching Incidental teaching Natural environment teaching
Script fading
The fundamental values of the quality-of-life approach are: equality, empowerment, and ______________________. Confidence Supports Self-determination Material well-being
Self-determination
Sasha's doctor fondles her breasts during a medical exam.
Sexual Abuse
Backward chaining involves: Teaching the beginning steps to the chain last and teaching ending steps first Teaching the ending steps first and then observing earlier steps Teaching the ending steps to the chain first and then teaching earlier steps Teaching beginning steps first and then teaching subsequent steps
Teaching the ending steps to the chain first and then teaching earlier steps
Sarah works as an RBT in the local school system. She was at a party, drank one too many drinks and was arrested for driving while intoxicated. The Monday after the incident, she: Got to work early and stole the newspaper out front, fearing she would be listed under "arrests." She informed her supervisor and the BACB what had happened. She immediately quit her jobShe kept the information to herself
She informed her supervisor and the BACB what had happened.
In ABA, which is the best reason why behaviors are targeted for increase? So learners can increase overall skill repertoires So learners won't engage in inappropriate behavior So skill acquisition programs can be implemented So individuals will learn functional skills
So learners can increase overall skill repertoires
Why is it important for behaviors that are targeted fro token reinforcement be clearly defined?
So that everyone involved in the delivering or receiving tokens know which behaviors are being reinforced
When teaching learners to begin to use 2-word mands, why is it important that both words are critical to the mand? So the listener can evaluate whether or not the learner understands the mand So the learner can practice using multiple words to produce a mand So the listener will clearly understand the mand and can act accordingly So the learner can demonstrate understanding of multiple words
So the listener will clearly understand the mand an can act accordingly
What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching? So they can make every moment of the day an intervention So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker So they can know that the intervention is safe to use at home So they can have something meaningful to do with their child
So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker
Which is the most important reason for RBTs to be active listeners? So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message So they can show concern for an individual and their families So they can learn from their colleague's mistakes So they can understand what is said quickly and move to action
So they can understand and act on what is delivered in the message
Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: Does this person have opportunities to get to know the people in their neighborhood and be member of local organizations? Rights Social inclusion Self-determination Interpersonal relationships
Social inclusion
Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for grabbing or stealing food? Redirecting the individual to another activity Locking up all the food and denying access to others when they eat Teaching the person to ask for food Ensuring the person never gets hungry
Teaching the person to ask for food
When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time? Items not related to the targeted requests People who can serve as distractors The items to be requested Items the learner does not like
The items to be requested
Ellen is an RBT who works with clients with autism in their homes. Currently, she sees 3 children every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 2 hours at a time. Each of them lives 15 to 30 miles from each other. By the time she gets to the last child she works with on those days, she is exhausted and doesn't always do as good of a job as she knows she can do. She is offered an opportunity to work with another child who lives 2 miles from the second child she sees those days. What should she do? Not consider the opportunity at all. Her schedule is set. Stop seeing the third child unless she is allowed to take on the new child's case. Speak with her supervisor about the situation and offer to work with the RBT who can take over therapy for her current third child for those days. Take on a fourth child for those days.
Speak with her supervisor about the situation and offer to work with the RBT who can take over therapy for her current third child for those days.
A limited hold is sometimes added to interval reinforcement in order to: Withhold reinforcement Provide intermittent reinforcement Speed up the display of the target behavior Slow down the display of desirable behavior
Speed up the display of the target behavior
Environmental supports are: Supports that change or adapt specific settings. Opportunities for status, recognition or increased involvement. All of a persons relationships, associations, and networks. Supports that build competence and skill.
Supports that change or adapt specific settings
Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)? Cindy follows all of her supervisor's instructions and is never late to work. Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked. Marco finds what his colleagues are doing incorrectly and trains them on the correct procedure. Lynn reads informational articles about ABA when she is at home.
Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked.
If you witness an abuse situation that is dangerous or life-threading, what should you do?
Take immediate action to remove anyone int the area from harm and call 9 1 1.
If you are in a meeting discussing an individual you work with, which of the following is the most important to do? Make as many suggestions as you can Take notes and listen attentively Share what you think works the best with the individual Take notes but do not offer any suggestions
Take notes and listen attentively
Which of the following is one stress management technique that can help prevent burnout?
Talking to a professional
______ is when target behaviors are broken down into steps. Chaining program Chain analysis Behavior analysis Task analysis
Task analysis
Forward chaining involves: Teaching the beginning steps and reinforcing each subsequent step Teaching the ending steps and reinforcing earlier steps in the chain Teaching the beginning steps and observing each subsequent step Teaching the ending steps and observing earlier steps in the chain
Teaching beginning steps first and reinforcing each subsequent step
Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request? Pretend you know what it is then go on the internet to find out what it means. Become angry at the supervisors lack of knowledge of what staff have been trained to do. Apologize for not knowing how to use the strategy Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it.
Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it.
Prior to the creation of the RBT Ethics Code, which set of ethical standards did RBTs follow?
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB
Which of the following statements is true about the new RBT updates?
The changes are based on recommendations from a panel of experts.
RBTs must document: Every bit of time they spend with a client The data from the session and any other relevant information Only the start and stop times of a session Only if a behavioral incident occurs
The data from the session and any other relevant information
What is ratio strain? When it becomes too difficult for the individual to adhere to the reinforcement schedule The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is not thinned When it becomes too difficult to maintain the reinforcement schedule
The disruption i the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly
Which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control? The learner is under the control of the instructor The learner is under the control of the intervention The learner can focus on what is important The learner can focus on extraneous variables.
The learner can focus on what is important
Which of the following is an advantage of backward chaining: The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain less quickly The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly The learner experiences some of the steps of the chain more quickly The learner does not experience the culmination of the steps of the chain
The learner experiences the culmination of the steps of the chain more quickly
Generalization across settings occurs when: The learner performs the behavior with different people The learner performs the behavior in different circumstances The learner performs the behavior in different environments The learner performs the behavior only when necessary
The learner performs the behavior in different environments
When using a lag schedule of reinforcement for intraverbal training, reinforce after: The learner provides the same response as the last one The learner provides a correct but different response from the last one The learner provides a different but incorrect response from the last one The learner provides a different response unrelated to what was asked
The learner provides a correct but different response from the last one
Which of the following is an advantage of using a token economy?
They are resistant to satiation and individuals becoming bored because of the variety of back-up reinforcers that can be used.
Teaching with multiple instructions helps learners to generalize because: They can respond to different cues during intervention They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment They can respond only to specific ways directions are delivered They can respond to the same cues during intervention
They can respond to different cues found in the natural environment
Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans? They help to suppress inappropriate behavior They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced They cut the individual off from the possibility of engaging the behavior They offer an opportunity to reinforce all other behaviors
They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced
Which of the following describes a potential issue with environmental stimuli and people with disabilities? They usually overreact to stimuli They usually underreact to stimuli They sometimes overreact and underreact to stimuli They usually do not hear or see stimuli
They sometimes overreact and underreact to stimuli
When behaviors are being maintained, reinforcement schedules move from: Thin to thick Thick to thin Thick to none None to thick
Thick to thin
Which of the following is the most objective statement regarding a tantrum displayed by an individual receiving services? He really had a large fit this time. I hope he cools it for the rest of the day. This tantrum showed how spoiled he really is. Do his parents give in to him too much? This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan. I don't know how much longer I can work with him. This is bratty behavior.
This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan.
Which of the following is an example of a dual relationship? Jennifer a BCBA, says hi to Miriam, the mother of one of her clients, at the grocery store. The staff at ABA Unleashed participate in an autism walk with the families of their clients on a Saturday. Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son. Nick is on a church committee with Hank. Nick is an RBT who works with Hank's adult daughter.
Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son.
Items on a reinforcer menu should range in price because:
To allow for the purchase of an item even thought they may have many or few tokens
What is the overall intent for delivering a discriminative stimulus? To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior To get an individual to engage in goal-directed behavior To get an individual to understand generalized directions To get an individual to engage in appropriate social behavior
To get an individual to engage in a particular behavior
Why is it important to establish target behaviors in a token system?
To know what behaviors an individual must display to receive a token
Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a reinforcer assessment before implementing a naturalistic intervention? To know exactly how and when to deliver a reinforcer To be able to offer the child as many reinforcers as possible To know what to have available as reinforcers and possibly intervention materials To be able to record that the assessment was completed
To know what to have available as reinforcers and possibly intervention materials
When delivering token reinforcement for the display of a targeted behavior, it is a good idea to:
To provide the individual receiving the token a brief explanation why they are receiving it
Michelle is an RBT who is teaching a mother how to implement a visual schedule for her child. What is Michelle doing? Overstepping what the BACB allows her to do Training a parent how to implement an intervention Acting as though she is in charge of the behavior plan Engaging in ineffective practices as determined by the BACB
Training a parent how to implement an intervention
If a learner's speech is too monotone or sing-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this? Revisit mand and tact trainingHave the learner mimic videos of people talking in movies Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch Look for instances when the learner spontaneously uses variation in speech and reinforce it
Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch
A most-to-least prompting sequence involves: Using no prompts and then a non-intrusive prompt Using the most intrusive prompt and then no prompt Using the least intrusive prompt and then no prompt Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used
Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches: Remain consistent across teaching activities Vary according to child responses Are not typically used Are used only during incidents of interfering behaviors
Vary according to child responses
Which of the following replacement behaviors might be functionally equivalent to the undesirable behavior of screaming a demand? Leaving the area Verbalizing what is wanted Playing with toys Punching a punching bag
Verbalizing what is wanted
If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is: If an RBT puts a picture of herself and the clients she works with on a social media site, she is: Ignoring their basic rights Engaging in a dual relationship Violating the client's right to confidentiality
Violating the client's right to confidentiality
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session? Visual task analysis Detailed description of the task Lesson plan Crisis plan
Visual task analysis
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session? Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene. Conduct a reinforcer assessment and provide those reinforcers. Collect data on the number of behaviors you see the child do. Start the session and not allow the child to lead.
Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene.
Consequences are: What happens as a result of a behavior What happens as a result of the antecedent What happens just before a behavior What happens that strengthens a behavior
What happens as a result of a behavior
Antecedents are: What happens during a behavior What happens after a behavior occurs What happens before a behavior occurs What happens to reinforce a behavior
What happens before a behavior occurs
What is the starting question and the most important question in the quality of life approach: Does this person feel safe and secure? How many core domains are there? How can you measure quality of life? What is important to this individual?
What is important to this individual?
The Matching Law states: When given a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the more valuable reinforcer When given a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the less valuable reinforcer When given a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the greater quantity of the reinforcer When given a single reinforcer, an individual will engage in the easiest behavior to perform
When give a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the more valuable reinforcer
An employee borrows a client's new electronic tablet one weekend saying he wants to try it out. Is this an example of maltreatment?
Yes
An employee does not cut up a client's food as prescribed in their support plan and the client chokes. Is this an example of abuse or neglect?
Yes
An employee says to an individual, Do that again and you'll be sorry." Is this an example of abuse or neglect?
Yes
Who is the first person you should report allegations of abuse and neglect to?
Your agency's designated investigator
According to the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code, clients and their families have a right to: Your background check and credentials Your work history Your personnel file Your medical history
Your background check and credentials
Why are crisis plans incorporated into some behavior intervention plans? Because some behaviors involve violence and those in the environment must be made aware Because most behaviors that warrant an intervention plan are dangerous and risk must be minimized Because some behaviors cause a risk to the safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment Because authorities need to know what the individual engaging in the behavior is capable of doing
because some behaviors cause a risk to safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment
How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior? By addressing daily living skills needed to replace problem behavior By suppressing problem behavior through reinforcementBy increasing desirable behavior through alterations to the environment By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
by addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective? Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency Prompting, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency Deprivation state, latency, adequate size, and contingency Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and opportunity
deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who: Engage in high levels of problem behavior involving the execution of crisis procedures Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus Display proficient levels of verbal behavior and can have conversations Have adequate daily living skills including toilet training
having difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus
Which of the following verbal operants is directly tied to reinforcement? mands tacts echoics intraverbal
mands
How can consistency and routine help to increase the display of a desired behavior? Predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important Consistency and routine create boredom so the individual is more likely to engage in desired behavior Consistency and routine create excitement so the individual is more likely to engage in desired behavior Predictability that goes along with consistency and routine does not help the display of behavior
predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important
Fixed ratio schedules: Produce high and steady rates of behavior Produce low and uneven rates of behavior Produce high rates of uneven behavior Produce low and steady rates of behavior
produce high and steady rates of behavior
Behavior intervention plans that work: Eliminate problem behavior and teach new behavior Reduce problem behavior and the need for reinforcement Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior Offer alternatives to problem behavior if the individual chooses to change
reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior
Which of the following is a consequence that is likely to result in the increase of a behavior? Punishment Motivating operation Reinforcement Antecedent
reinforcement
Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"? Responding to multiple cues in the environment Being able to sequence items Engaging in desirable behavior only Discriminating among features of items
responding to multiple cues in the environment
