ACES CHEMISTRY MUST KNOW formula
G = -nFE
G = free Gibs energy (KJ/mol) n = mol of electron transfer E = cell potential of the reaction(in volts) Faraday electron constant: 96485 C/mol 1 volt = 1J/1C
G = H - TS
Gibbs free energy equation(change, units careful)
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
Sgas = Kh Pgas
Henry's Law, the solubility of gas(concentration) is directly related to the pressure of the gas. S gas = concentration of dissolved gas k = Henry's Law Constant P = partial pressure of the gas
osmotic pressure = iMRT
M = molar concentration of the solute(molarity) R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 atm* L /mol*K T = temperatuer(in kelvin) i = vant hoff factor
[A]t -[A]0 = -kt
0 order reaction
delta S surr = -Hsys/T
-KJ/mol* K
ln(k2/k1) = (-Ea/R)((1/T2)-(1/T1))
-derived from Arrhenius equation
pH, pOH
-log[H+] -log[OH-]
delat E = B(1/nf^2 - 1/n1^2)
- B = -2.18 * 10 ^-18 J hydrogen emission energy equation
ln(p2/p1) = -delta H(vaportization)/R * (1/T2 - 1/T1)
- Clausius Clapeyron Equation -Temperature: (kelvin)
ln(K2/K1) = - delta H/R(1/T2- 1/T1)
- K2 and K1 -> equilibrium constant - H: change of enthalpy - R: universal gas constant -> 0.00831 kJ/mol*K
ln(p1/p2) = delta H(vaportization)/R * (1/T2 - 1/T1)
- positive equation
k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)
Arrhenius equation - Increasing Temperature, increase k constant k = rate constant A = frequency factor, a number that represents the likelihood that collisions would occur with the proper orientation for the reaction Ea = activation energy *R= universal gas constant, BUT(0.0083145 kJ/mol*K) T = temperature
delta Tb = i * Kb * m
Tb = change in boiling point i = Van't hoff factor Kb = boiling point constant(solvent) m = molality *The higher the boiling point, the stronger the attraction
delta Tf = i * Kf * m
Tb = change in freezing point i = Van't hoff factor Kf = freezing point constant(solvent) m = molality *The lower the freezing point, stronger the attraction
Ecell = Ered + Eox
cell potential Ered = reduction Eox = oxidation -higher Ered, higher reduction potential, cathode -higher Eox, higher oxidation potential, anode * Ecell > 0, spontaneous at room temp * Ecell < 0, reverse reaction is spontaneous at room temp
c = frequency x wavelength
equation for speed of light c = 2.998 *10^8 m/s 1/s m
ln([A]0/[A]t) = kt
first order reaction, concentration, k value, time
q= m * c * delta T
m = mass(g) c = unit specific heat( J/g * celsius) T = temperature in celsius q = heat
(1/[A]t) - (1/[A]0) = kt
second order integrated rate law