Acl Chemistry-Chapter 1

rare earth metals

2 very bottom rows removed from table; lanthanide and actinide

Mixture

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, Each of which retains its own identity and properties. Its components can be separated.

Chemical change / chemical reaction

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object (the measure made while using a balance)

Nonmetal

A poor conductor of heat or electricity. Can be gases, liquids, or solids

Element

A pure substance that can't be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom (ex. carbon)

Monoatomic

A single atom that is also a complete molecule. Ex. He, Xe

precipitate

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

Compund

A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. (ex. water)

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Endothermic

Absorbs energy (Heat is a reactant)

Metal

An element that is a good electrical and heat conductor. Mostly solids.

Chemical

Any substance that has a definite composition. Example water, sugar

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Ductile

Can be drawn into fine wire(metal).

Malleable

Can be hammered and rolled into thin sheets(metal).

Properties

Characteristics that enable us to distinguish one kind of matter from another.

Liquid

Definite volume and indefinite shape, it takes the shape of its container, fast-moving particles

Solid

Definite volume and shape, packed particles

Technological development

Develop technology to help make life easier and more enjoyable. Sometimes needs replacing as time goes on

metals

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.

Heat and light

Energy can be converted into what?

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Fifth state of matter that exists at extremely low temperatures and atoms behave as a single particle

Metalloid

Found between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. It's an element that has some nonmetal characteristics and some metal characteristics.

sodium and chlorine makes table salt

Give an example of a chemical change

cutting paper, chopping wood

Give an example of a physical change

volume, density

Give an example of a physical property

Pure substance

Has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture because every sample of a given substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and everything will have the exact same composition.

Plasma

High temperature physical state of matter which atoms lose most of their electrons; found in fluorescent bulbs

colloid

Intermediate sized particles that will not settle out, but WILL exhibit the Tyndall Effect.

suspension

Large sized particles that will settle out upon standing. Ex. muddy water

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Heterogeneous

Mixtures that are not uniform throughout. Example is clay and water (heavier clay particles concentrate near the bottom of the container).

Homogeneous

Mixtures that are uniform in composition and have the same proportion of components throughout also known as a solution. Example saltwater(dissolves quickly).

wood burning, rusting iron

Name an example of a chemical property.

gas

No definite volume or shape, take shape of any container, very rapid particles that are very spread out

Elements

Pure substances that can't be decomposed by chemical changes. They are the building blocks of matter.

Chemical property

Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Easiest to see when substances react to form new substances (example. Fire burning wood and forming carbon dioxide).

Tyndall effect

Scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid

Products

Substances that are formed by a chemical change

Reactant

Substances that react in a chemical change

Noble gases

The 18th group of the periodic table. Generally unreactive (ex. Argon, helium).

High tensile strength

The ability to resist breaking when pulled (metals).

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, in the energy changes that accompany these processes

Group / families

The vertical Columns of the periodic table. There are 18 of these, each paired with elements with similar properties.

applied research

Used to figure out an issue. Led by an interest to solve the issue.

basic research

Used to gain knowledge and information. Can be not intentional or on purpose. uses curiosity

atoms and molecules

What are the fundamental building blocks of matter?

luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity

What are the properties of metals?

Organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, theoretical

What are the six branches of chemistry?

HONClBrIF

What is the acronym for diatomic molecules?

physical change

a change in a substance that doesn't involve a change in the identity of the substance (ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling).

physical property

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.

Emulsion

any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other

polyatomic

consisting of many atoms

Diatomic

consisting of two atoms

extensive properties

depend on the amount of matter that is present (ex. volume, mass)

intensive property

do not depend on the amount of matter that is present (ex melting and boiling point)

kinetic energy

energy of motion

transition metals

groups 3-12

periods

horizontal rows on the the periodic table; there are seven of them.

Monoatomic molecules

noble gases

Chemical change

occurs when a substance is converted into a different substance

blocks

regions on the periodic table

Exothermic

releases energy (Heat is a product)

plasma

state of matter-highly ionized gas

potential energy

stored energy

energy

the ability to do work

Molecule

the smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of that element or compound

Atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of the chemical identity of that element

solution

what is another name for a homogeneous mixture?