Acl Chemistry-Chapter 1
rare earth metals
2 very bottom rows removed from table; lanthanide and actinide
Mixture
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, Each of which retains its own identity and properties. Its components can be separated.
Chemical change / chemical reaction
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object (the measure made while using a balance)
Nonmetal
A poor conductor of heat or electricity. Can be gases, liquids, or solids
Element
A pure substance that can't be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom (ex. carbon)
Monoatomic
A single atom that is also a complete molecule. Ex. He, Xe
precipitate
A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.
Compund
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each is made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. (ex. water)
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Endothermic
Absorbs energy (Heat is a reactant)
Metal
An element that is a good electrical and heat conductor. Mostly solids.
Chemical
Any substance that has a definite composition. Example water, sugar
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Ductile
Can be drawn into fine wire(metal).
Malleable
Can be hammered and rolled into thin sheets(metal).
Properties
Characteristics that enable us to distinguish one kind of matter from another.
Liquid
Definite volume and indefinite shape, it takes the shape of its container, fast-moving particles
Solid
Definite volume and shape, packed particles
Technological development
Develop technology to help make life easier and more enjoyable. Sometimes needs replacing as time goes on
metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
Heat and light
Energy can be converted into what?
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Fifth state of matter that exists at extremely low temperatures and atoms behave as a single particle
Metalloid
Found between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. It's an element that has some nonmetal characteristics and some metal characteristics.
sodium and chlorine makes table salt
Give an example of a chemical change
cutting paper, chopping wood
Give an example of a physical change
volume, density
Give an example of a physical property
Pure substance
Has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture because every sample of a given substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and everything will have the exact same composition.
Plasma
High temperature physical state of matter which atoms lose most of their electrons; found in fluorescent bulbs
colloid
Intermediate sized particles that will not settle out, but WILL exhibit the Tyndall Effect.
suspension
Large sized particles that will settle out upon standing. Ex. muddy water
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Heterogeneous
Mixtures that are not uniform throughout. Example is clay and water (heavier clay particles concentrate near the bottom of the container).
Homogeneous
Mixtures that are uniform in composition and have the same proportion of components throughout also known as a solution. Example saltwater(dissolves quickly).
wood burning, rusting iron
Name an example of a chemical property.
gas
No definite volume or shape, take shape of any container, very rapid particles that are very spread out
Elements
Pure substances that can't be decomposed by chemical changes. They are the building blocks of matter.
Chemical property
Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Easiest to see when substances react to form new substances (example. Fire burning wood and forming carbon dioxide).
Tyndall effect
Scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid
Products
Substances that are formed by a chemical change
Reactant
Substances that react in a chemical change
Noble gases
The 18th group of the periodic table. Generally unreactive (ex. Argon, helium).
High tensile strength
The ability to resist breaking when pulled (metals).
Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, in the energy changes that accompany these processes
Group / families
The vertical Columns of the periodic table. There are 18 of these, each paired with elements with similar properties.
applied research
Used to figure out an issue. Led by an interest to solve the issue.
basic research
Used to gain knowledge and information. Can be not intentional or on purpose. uses curiosity
atoms and molecules
What are the fundamental building blocks of matter?
luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
What are the properties of metals?
Organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, theoretical
What are the six branches of chemistry?
HONClBrIF
What is the acronym for diatomic molecules?
physical change
a change in a substance that doesn't involve a change in the identity of the substance (ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling).
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.
Emulsion
any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other
polyatomic
consisting of many atoms
Diatomic
consisting of two atoms
extensive properties
depend on the amount of matter that is present (ex. volume, mass)
intensive property
do not depend on the amount of matter that is present (ex melting and boiling point)
kinetic energy
energy of motion
transition metals
groups 3-12
periods
horizontal rows on the the periodic table; there are seven of them.
Monoatomic molecules
noble gases
Chemical change
occurs when a substance is converted into a different substance
blocks
regions on the periodic table
Exothermic
releases energy (Heat is a product)
plasma
state of matter-highly ionized gas
potential energy
stored energy
energy
the ability to do work
Molecule
the smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of that element or compound
Atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of the chemical identity of that element
solution
what is another name for a homogeneous mixture?