Acromioclavicular and Glenohumeral Joint
Acromion of scapula
(lateral to the spine)
What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?
- Flexion - extension - Abduction - adduction - Rotation internal and external - Circumduction
Which muscles form the rotator cuff group of muscles?
- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis
What is the conoid tubercle of the clavicle?
A tubercle on the inferior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle that gives attachment to the conoid ligament.
Which type of ligament covers the synovial capsule of the sternoclavicular joint on the anterior and posterior side?
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
What is a complication that can arise as a result of a fracture of the humerus?
Common fracture point is near the radial nerve sulcus. This can result in entrapment of nerve or the fracture may "choke" the nerve. When someone fractures their humerus, it is important to make sure that the patient can move their fingers.
Capitulum. Creates ______ joint
Creates HUMERORADIAL joint.
Medial epicondyle of the humerus is attachment for ______ muscles of the forearm.
FLEXOR
Articular surfaces of sternoclavicular joint are covered with ________.
Fibrocartilage.
In the acromioclavicular joint, the articular surfaces are covered with ______.
Fibrocartilage.
What is the glenoid labrum? What is it made out of?
Glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous ring that increases the depth and the width of the "socket" (glenoid fossa)
The clavicle ossifies through _______.
Intramembranous ossification. (This is when mesenchyme converts into osteoblasts and it does NOT occur within a cartilaginous foundation.)
Where is the groove for the subclavius muscle of the clavicle?
It can also be called subclavian groove. It runs along the inferior surface of the clavicle.
Lesser tubercle of the humerus. Which direction does it face?
It faces in the anterior direction.
Greater tubercle of the humerus. Which direction does it face?
It faces in the lateral direction.
Where is the interclavicular ligament located?
It goes across both clavicles and into the jugular notch.
Describe the intraarticular disk within the acromioclavicular joint cavity.
It incompletely divides the joint cavity. It attaches only to the upper part of the joint capsule.
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
It is a ball and socket, synovial joint.
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
It is a place type, synovial joint
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
It is a saddle type synovial joint
Where is the costoclavicular ligament located? What is its role?
It is connected to the depression for the costoclavicular ligament on the clavicle and is connected to the first rib. It prevents the clavicle from raising too high.
What is the importance of the coracoclavicular ligament and movement within this joint?
It is like a "safety latch" (? - ask about this)
What is the depression for the costoclavicular ligament?
It is located near the sternal end.
What is the role of the interarticular disk in the sternoclavicular joint?
It is the unifying force that keeps the joint together. The intraarticular disk is important for stability and mobility of this joint. It divides the joint cavity into two compartments. Because there are two compartments, it enables two axes of movement (elevation and depression of clavicle and shoulder girdle + shoulder retraction and protraction). The intraarticular disk is fibrocartilaginous.
Where is the transverse humeral ligament? What is its role?
It runs from the greater tubercle to the lesser tubercle. It secures the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii.
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus is the attachment for _______ muscles of the forearm.
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus is the attachment for EXTENSOR muscles of the forearm.
deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Which side does this face?
Laterally
Groove for the radial nerve on the humerus. Which direction is it located on?
Located on posterior aspect. Runs laterally and inferiorally.
Are there any anatomical details on the superior surface of the clavicle?
No
Does the sternoclavicular joint rotate?
No
Trochlea of the humerus. Part of ________ joint.
Part of HUMERORADIAL joint.
Coracoid process of scapula
Projects from superior margin and projects anteriorally.
Where is the coracoacromial ligament/coracoacromial arch?
Runs from coracoid process to acromion of scapula. The coracoacromial arch is the coracoid process and the coracoacromial ligament.
Where is the coracohumeral ligament?
Runs from greater tubercle of the humerus to the coracoid process of the scapula
What happens during shoulder dislocation and what kind of manipulation can we use to put the humerus back in its place?
Shoulder dislocation occurs when the humeral head is found inferior to the glenoid cavity. To put it back, we can use the Kocher maneuver.
Where is the coronoid fossa located? What is its role?
Superior to the anterior portion of the trochlea is a small depression, the coronoid fossa, which receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm.
The coraco-clavicular ligament is composed of the _____ ligament and the ____ ligament combined together. The ___ ligament is more medial whereas the ____ ligament is more lateral.
The coraco-clavicular ligament is composed of the CONOID ligament and the TRAPEZOID ligament combined together. The CONOID ligament is more medial whereas the TRAPEZOID ligament is more lateral.
Which two ligaments DIRECTLY support the glenohumeral joint?
The coracohumeral ligament and the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments.
Where are the glenohumeral ligaments located? How many are there and what are there distinctive names?
The glenohumeral ligaments (GHL) are three ligaments on the anterior side of the glenohumeral joint. There are three glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior) which are thickenings of the glenohumeral joint capsule and are important passive stabilisers of the joint.
Where is the olecranon fossa located? What is its role?
The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea, in which the summit of the olecranon is received during extension of the forearm.
Where is the radial fossa located? What is its role?
The radial fossa is a slight depression found on the humerus above the front part of the capitulum. Located on anterior humerus above capitulum.
What is the trapezoid line of the clavicle?
The trapeizoid line is the area on the inferior surface of the clavicle near its lateral extremity on which the trapezoid ligament attaches. It is a bony ridge that runs from the conoid tubercle in the lateral direction.
The ligaments that attach to the trapezoid line and the conoid tubercle are easy to remember because..
They have the same name as the attachment point. Conoid ligament attaches to conoid tubercle and trapezoid ligament attaches to trapezoid line.
Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus
This is the lateral supracondylar ridge.
Where is the groove for the ulnar nerve located? This is known as the ____ bone.
funny bone. Located inferior to the medial epicondyle.
