Adenosine Triphosphate/ ATP

Structure

-Nitrogen base (adenine) - sugar ring (ribose) - 3 phosphate groups held together with high energy bonds

Background

-Your body needs energy to run your cells. -Your body cannot directly use your food for energy. -The energy you can use in the food you eat is stored in its chemical bonds. -To releases energy for your body to use those bonds have to be broken -Once energy is released, ATP carries it to be used for cell functions

ATP

ATP carries/stores energy for cell functions. Its the only molecule that directly powers your body.

ATP/ADP cycle

•A lot of energy is store in the bond between the last 2 phosphates -Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed -ADP is changed back into ATP when a phosphate group is added -ADP is recycled - This is a chemiosmotic process • Chemiosmotic= Movement of ions down a concentration gradient • Enzyme ATP sythase is used to add the 3rd phosphate to ADP to make ATP, using the energy from the food you eat

summary

{When ATP is broken down, it releases energy for the cell to use and becomes ADP and a phosphate.} - ATP ~> ADP + P + energy - Because energy is given off, this is an exothermic reaction {To make ATP, cells must join together ADP and a phosphate using energy from food} - ADP +P + energy ~> ATP - because energy is taken in, this is an endothermic reaction {Where does the energy come from again?} ▪ Carbon base molecules in your food - Carbohydrates: most commonly broken down for ATP • can get ~ 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule • store it cal/mg - Lipids (fats): broken down after carbs • store 9 cal/mg - Proteins: least likey to be broken down for energy • store 4 cal/mg