Adolescent EAQs
A nurse is planning to teach an adolescent about diabetes and self-administration of insulin. What should the nurse do first? 1 Establish realistic goals. 2 Assess the adolescent's intellectual ability. 3 Determine what the adolescent knows about diabetes. 4 Gather the equipment that will be needed for the demonstration.
Before developing and instituting a teaching plan, the nurse must assess the adolescent's attitudes, experience, knowledge, and understanding of the health problem. Before realistic goals can be set there must be an assessment. The adolescent's intellectual ability is only one aspect of the information the nurse must collect and can be assessed as the nurse is determining what the adolescent knows about diabetes. Performing a demonstration is premature until readiness for learning has been established.
Which drug causes euphoria and hallucinations in an addicted adolescent but does not show any ill effects when withdrawn abruptly? 1 Heroine 2 Cocaine 3 Cannabis 4 Morphine
Cannabis is a mind-altering drug that does not cause physical dependence and can be abruptly withdrawn without ill effect. Heroine and morphine are narcotic drugs that cause withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and agitation. Agitation and restlessness are the common withdrawal symptoms seen with cocaine abuse.
An adolescent child who has sustained full-thickness burns is to undergo skin grafting. The nurse explains to the child's parents that the child will need what for permanent grafts? 1 Steroids 2 Autografts 3 Homografts 4 Immunosuppressants
2, Autografts consist of tissue from the individual's own body, meaning that the chance of rejection is minimal. Steroids are not part of the therapy for skin grafts. Homografts consist of tissue from genetically different members of the same species, usually a cadaver; they are used as temporary grafts. Immunosuppressive drugs are not part of the therapy for skin grafts.
Which growth findings can the nurse anticipate in a 16-year-old adolescent female client? Select all that apply. 1 Decelerating growth 2 Completion of structural growth 3 Attaining up to 95% of adult height 4 Completion of reproductive growth 5 Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics
1, 3, Deceleration of growth and attaining a maximum adult height occur in teenagers between 15 to 17 years of age. The completion of structural and reproductive growth is evident in late adolescence. The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics is evident in early adolescence.
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe teaching methods that are effective for adolescents. Which statement by the student indicates a need of further teaching? 1 "Use teaching as a collaborative activity." 2 "Use problem-solving to help adolescents make choices." 3 "Help adolescents learn about their feelings and need for self-expression." 4 "Encourage adolescents to learn together through pictures and short stories."
A preschooler, not an adolescent, is encouraged to learn together through pictures and short stories. Teaching should be used as a collaborative activity in adolescents. A problem-solving approach can also be adopted to help adolescents make choices. Adolescents should receive help learning about their feelings and need for self-expression.
A 16-year-old male asks the nurse about the use of condoms. He states, "I've used condoms in the past, but I'm not sure I'm using them correctly." What should be included as part of the teaching plan about condoms? 1 Petroleum jelly should be used as a lubricant. 2 The condom must be positioned after an erection has occurred. 3 Withdrawal after ejaculation should be delayed until the penis has become flaccid. 4 The condom should be fitted against the tip of the penis with no space left at the end.
The condom should be positioned after the penis is erect to achieve the desired fit. Petroleum jelly can break down the material used for the condom; a water-based lubricant should be used if lubrication is desired. A space should be left at the tip of the penis to provide room for the ejaculate and prevent breakage of the condom. The penis should be withdrawn immediately after ejaculation, while the penis is still erect; if the penis is allowed to become flaccid, semen may leak from the loose-fitting condom.
A pregnant adolescent reports genital warts. What suggestions should the nurse provide to reduce the discomfort? Select all that apply. 1 Take bath with oatmeal solution 2 Wear loose-fitted cotton clothes 3 Try out cryotherapy if needed 4 Use less water for cleaning the genitals 5 Anticipate a prescription of imiquimod
To reduce the irritation and discomfort of genital warts, bathing with oatmeal solution can be helpful. Wearing loose-fitted cotton clothes helps in reducing the irritation and friction. Depending upon the severity of the warts, cryotherapy can be an option to treat the warts. Proper cleaning and hygiene of the genital area is necessary to reduce the growth of the warts. Drugs like imiquimod should not be used during pregnancy.
Which substance abuse involves injection of the drug to produce intense excitement, energy, boldness, and paranoia similar to that produced by cocaine? 1 Freons 2 Methamphetamine 3 Model airplane cement 4 Lysergic acid diethylamide
2, Methamphetamine is an inexpensive, easily available drug commonly known as crank, meth, and crystal. Upon injection or swallowing, it causes intense excitement, energy, boldness, and paranoia when compared to cocaine. Freon is a substance found in canned air dusters, which on inhalation could cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias. Model airplane cement is a volatile substance that upon inhalation causes altered sensation. Lysergic acid diethylamide is a drug that can produce hallucinations and euphoria.
Which criteria in a client must be assessed in order to diagnose premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? Select all that apply. 1 Symptom-free period in the luteal phase 2 Symptoms that resolve within a few days of menses onset 3 Symptoms caused by the exacerbations of other disorder 4 Symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, or depressed mood 5 Symptoms that interfere with work or interpersonal relationships
4, 5, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a variant of premenstrual syndrome. Among the symptoms are irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety. These symptoms would markedly interfere with work or interpersonal relationships. These symptoms are absent in the follicular phase. At least five or more symptoms are present the week before menses; these symptoms resolve within a few days of menses onset if the client has premenstrual syndrome. These symptoms are not caused by an exacerbation of another condition or disorder.
A pregnant adolescent already diagnosed as HIV-positive with a viral load of more than 1,000 copies/mL is currently in her 38th week of gestation. Which is the best method of delivery in this situation? 1 Cesarean section 2 Vaginal delivery with forceps extraction 3 Vaginal delivery with vacuum extraction 4 Fetal scalp electrode Test-Taking Tip: Do not worry if you select the same numbered answer repeatedly because there usually is no pattern to the answers.
1, According to the Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission, antiretroviral therapy and a scheduled cesarean birth are recommended to prevent vertical transmission of HIV for adolescents with viral loads of more than 1,000 copies/mL. Normal vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction should be avoided. Use of a fetal scalp electrode is not a delivery method, and it is a procedure that should also be avoided to prevent transmission of the virus to the baby.
A primary healthcare provider recommends that an adolescent with the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma have the affected leg amputated and then be treated with chemotherapy. The parents are concerned about what to tell their child and ask the nurse for advice. What should the nurse suggest they discuss? 1 Causes of cancer and details about the treatment 2 Chemotherapy and the possibility of an amputation 3 The amputation and information about chemotherapy 4 Treatment choices and that it is too soon for a final decision
Honesty is essential in helping the adolescent accept the loss of the leg; only a brief discussion of chemotherapy is needed, because otherwise the adolescent may be overwhelmed. A theoretical discussion and detailed information will not be heard or understood during a crisis situation. The amputation is necessary; lying avoids the issue and may destroy the adolescent's trust in parents and staff.
An unmarried female adolescent arrives at a hospital with her parents. She complains of a delay in her regular menstrual cycle and wants to confirm her health status. Which strategies should be employed while interviewing the adolescent? Select all that apply. 1 Gaining the client's trust 2 Asking close-ended questions 3 Explaining the limits of confidentiality 4 Starting the interview with more sensitive issues 5 Interviewing the adolescent along with her parents
Gaining the client's trust would help the nurse get more information from a client. Explaining the limits of confidentiality helps to obtain reports on physical or sexual abuse. According to nursing care guidelines, the interview should include open-ended questions in order to obtain detailed information about the client. The interview should begin with less sensitive issues. In order to ensure privacy, the adolescent should be interviewed without her parents present.
What are the major complications noticed in adolescent girls during pregnancy? Select all that apply. 1. Obesity 2. Bleeding 3. Ectopic pregnancy 4. Gestational diabetes 5. Spontaneous abortion
Ectopic pregnancy—in which a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube—is a major complication of adolescent pregnancies. In adolescents, most spontaneous abortions occur in the first trimester as a result of an abnormal chromosomal complement, uterine or cervical abnormalities, systemic maternal illness, or infection. Poor maternal weight gain, not obesity, is a medical concern in adolescent pregnancies. Bleeding is common during implantation in the adolescent pregnancy. It may not be a major complication, but bed rest is usually recommended if bleeding occurs. Gestational diabetes is a risk factor in women older than 25 years. Adolescent women are at lower risk of gestational diabetes.
A nurse is discussing the need for genetic counseling with a male teenager who has a sibling with cystic fibrosis (CF). The identification of which test by the teenager indicates that he understands the genetic counseling? 1 Chest x-ray 2 Carrier testing 3 Sweat chloride 4 Chromosomal assay
More than one gene can cause cystic fibrosis (CF); carrier testing is done to detect known alleles. The results of a chest x-ray will not determine whether the individual is a carrier of CF; this may be one of the tests that are conducted when CF is suspected. A sweat chloride test is performed to diagnose CF, not to determine whether the adolescent is a carrier. CF does not result from a chromosomal anomaly.
A client with recurrent episodes of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain arrives at the hospital. Assessments by the primary healthcare provider reveal that the cremasteric reflex is absent, and emergency surgery is performed. What is the likely diagnosis? 1 Varicocele 2 Epididymitis 3 Penile neoplasia 4 Testicular torsion
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are symptoms of testicular torsion. The cremasteric reflex is absent in cases of torsion. Emergency surgery may be performed in cases of torsion as a means of preserving the testicle. Varicocele is characterized by elongation, dilation, and tortuosity of the veins of the spermatic cord superior to the testicle. Urethral discharge, dysuria, fever, and pyuria are signs of epididymitis. Penile neoplasia is associated with human papillomavirus type 16 infection.
A nurse is teaching parents about the nutritional needs of their 15-year-old child. What information should the nurse provide? Select all that apply. 1 Increase the child's fat intake 2 Provide iron-rich foods to the child 3 Increase the child's daily protein intake 4 Curb the child's diet to help prevent obesity 5 Provide adequate vitamin supplementation to your child
2,3 The nurse should instruct the parents to provide an iron-rich diet to the child. This will help prevent anemia. The nurse should instruct the parents to increase the child's protein intake. Fat needs do not increase in adolescents, so the nurse should not ask the parents to increase the child's fat intake. Increasing physical activity is often more important than curbing fat intake in countering obesity. Vitamin and mineral supplements are not required, so the nurse should instruct the parents to avoid them.
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about a ketogenic diet. Which statements made by a nursing student indicates effective learning? Select all that apply. 1 "The diet should include 5 grams of protein per kilogram." 2 "The diet is recommended for obese clients." 3 "Rapid weight loss is observed in clients utilizing this diet." 4 "The diet helps to prevent orthostatic hypotension." 5 "The long-term outcomes have been established in clients following this diet."
A ketogenic diet is designed to provide enough protein to minimize the loss of lean body mass during weight loss. This diet is recommended for obese clients. Clients using a ketogenic diet benefit from relatively rapid weight loss and anorexia induced by ketosis. This diet consists of 1.5 to 2.5 g of protein per kilogram. Complications such as hypokalemia and orthostatic hypotension are observed in clients following this diet. Long-term outcomes of using this diet have not been established.
A registered nurse is teaching a client regarding preventive measures for genital tract infections. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further education? Select all that apply. 1 "I should take frequent bubble baths." 2 "I should decrease the use of dietary sugar." 3 "I should choose hosiery with a nylon crotch." 4 "I should use colored and scented toilet tissues." 5 "I should limit the time spent in damp exercise clothes."
Exposure to bath salts and bubble baths should be limited to prevent genital tract infections. Hosiery with a cotton crotch should be selected to prevent genital tract infections because cotton fabric absorbs wetness. Colored and scented toilet tissues should be avoided because they can increase the risk of genital tract infections. The use of dietary sugar should be decreased to prevent genital tract infections. Damp exercise clothes should be removed immediately because they increase the risk of genital tract infections.
An adolescent is admitted to the burn unit with partial-thickness burns of both arms and the chest. What information about burns should guide the nurse's plan of care? 1 Burns are extremely painful and disfiguring. 2 Some grafting of the burned area is necessary. 3 Pressure dressings and prolonged hydrotherapy are required. 4 Spontaneous epithelial regeneration occurs within several weeks.
If there is no subsequent infection of the burned areas, wound healing should be uneventful. Although partial-thickness burns are painful, they usually heal with little or no scarring. Regeneration will occur unless there is further insult to the burn injury, such as infection; grafting should not be necessary. Occlusive dressings may be applied to minimize the discomfort of frequent dressing changes; hydrotherapy is not required for partial-thickness burns.
Which appetite suppressant is used to treat obesity? 1 Orlistat 2 Octreotide 3 Metformin 4 Sibutramine
Sibutramine is an appetite suppressant used to treat obesity. Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor that has been approved for children 12 years and older. Octreotide is used to treat hypothalamic obesity that is caused by intracranial tumors. Metformin is prescribed to obese clients with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
Which statements are true regarding ectopic pregnancy? Select all that apply. 1 Smoking is one of the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. 2 Ectopic pregnancy is directly related to fetopelvic incompatibility. 3 Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tubes. 4 When a young women exhibits abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy is suspected. 5 If the adolescent exhibits abdominal pain and hypotension, the ectopic pregnancy may have ruptured.
Smoking is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, in the fallopian tubes. An adolescent exhibiting severe abdominal pain with hypotension is indicative of rupture of ectopic pregnancy and may need immediate surgery. Fetopelvic incompatibility is related to prolonged labor in younger teenagers of 12 to 16 years of age. However, it is not associated with ectopic pregnancy. Abdominal pain associated with bleeding rules out ectopic pregnancy.
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to explain the teaching methods to be used for adolescents. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. 1 Keep teaching sessions short 2 Use teaching as a collaborative activity 3 Use problem-solving to help adolescents make choices 4 Encourage them to learn together, using pictures and short stories 5 Help adolescents learn about feelings and the need for self-expression
Teaching sessions should be kept shorter for an older adult, not an adolescent. Preschoolers, not adolescents, are encouraged to learn together through the use of pictures and short stories. This helps make learning interesting for them. Hence, the nursing student's statements that teaching sessions should be kept shorter for the adolescent client and that adolescents should be encouraged to learn together through the use of pictures and short stories indicates a need for further teaching. The teaching should be such that it helps the adolescent understand his or her feelings and the need for self-expression. Teaching should be used as a collaborative activity in adolescents. A problem-solving approach can also be adopted to help adolescents make choices.
A 16-year-old client with full-thickness burns of the entire right arm states, "I'll never be able to use my arm again. I'll be scarred forever." What is the best initial response by the nurse? 1 "Think about how lucky you are. You're still alive." 2 "Minimizing scarring is the goal of the entire professional staff." 3 "Being worried is understandable, but it's really too early to tell." 4 "Try not to worry. Concentrate on doing your range-of-motion exercises."
Telling the client that a positive outcome is the goal of the staff is a truthful answer that offers some hope without providing false reassurance. The adolescent is not concerned about having escaped death; telling the client to be glad to be alive will cut off communication. Telling the adolescent that it is too early to anticipate scarring is misinformation. Ignoring the adolescent's concerns is not therapeutic and cuts off communication.
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about the health risks faced by adolescents. Which statements by the student indicate inadequate learning? Select all that apply. 1 "Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents." 2 "Eating disorders are more common in teen boys than girls." 3 "The incidence of substance abuse among adolescents in high school is low." 4 "Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are two eating disorders that appear in adolescence." 5 "Drowning and use of firearms are among the frequent causes of death among adolescents."
2, 3, Eating disorders are more common among adolescent girls than in boys. Current statistics show that by the end of their high school years, 85% of adolescents have used alcohol, 65% have tried smoking, and 49% have experimented with marijuana. Hence, the nursing student's statements that eating disorders are more frequent among boys and there is less substance abuse among adolescents indicate inadequate learning. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents ages 13 to 19 years; depression and social isolation commonly precede a suicide attempt. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are two eating disorders that appear in adolescence. Drowning and the use of firearms are two common causes of death in adolescents.
The school nurse presents a class on female reproduction to a group of junior high school girls. Which statement by a student after the class indicates a need for clarification of the teaching? 1 "A girl can get pregnant before she's had her first period." 2 "Women with big breasts have more milk after they have a baby." 3 "Girls lose less than 5 tablespoons of blood when they have a period." 4 "When a girl is born she already has all of the eggs that she'll ever have." Test-Taking Tip: Answer the question that is asked. Read the situation and the question carefully, looking for key words or phrases. Do not read anything into the question or apply what you did in a similar situation during one of your clinical experiences. Think of each question as being an ideal, yet realistic, situation.
2, Breast size is not a predictor of the amount of milk production. Although many girls do not ovulate during early menstruation, others may ovulate even before menstruation begins. During menstruation, an average of 40 mL of blood is lost; this equals approximately 2.7 tablespoons. Baby girls are born with all the ova they will have during their lifetimes.
Which clinical findings should cause the nurse to suspect that an adolescent child with type 1 diabetes is hypoglycemic? 1 Increased thirst, sleepiness, and nausea 2 Confusion, dry mouth, and diminished reflexes 3 Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis 4 Flushed face, deep breathing, and abdominal pain
3, Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis are the most common signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Increased adrenergic nervous system activity and increased catecholamine secretion produce hunger and diaphoresis. Difficulty concentrating reflects central nervous system glucose deprivation. Increased thirst, sleepiness, and nausea are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia as ketoacidosis develops. Confusion, dry mouth, and diminished reflexes are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia; they reflect ketoacidosis. Flushed face, deep breathing, and abdominal pain are signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis.
The mother of a 13-year-old child with sickle cell anemia tells the nurse that the family is going camping by a lake this summer. She asks what activities are appropriate for her child. Which activity should the nurse suggest? 1 Swimming in the lake 2 Soccer with the family 3 Climbing the mountain trails 4 Motorboat rides around the lake
4, Motorboating is a relatively passive activity that will not increase the child's oxygen demands, which can precipitate sickling and therefore a painful episode. Mountain lakes are usually cold; temperature extremes can contribute to sickling that may precipitate a painful episode. Playing soccer may lead to increased cellular metabolism and increased tissue hypoxia, which can precipitate sickling that could progress to a painful episode. High altitudes should be avoided because the lower oxygen concentration of the air might trigger a painful episode.
An adolescent child is admitted to a pediatric unit with the tentative diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). What diagnostic tests does the nurse expect will be performed to confirm this diagnosis? 1 Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heterophil antibody titer 2 Chest x-ray and blood glucose level 3 Upper gastrointestinal series and liver function tests 4 Serum complement (C3) activity level and urinalysis
A reduced C3 level is present in the early stages of ASPGN. Urinalysis is necessary to determine the presence of proteinuria and hematuria. An x-ray and glucose level, ECG and antibody titer, and an upper gastrointestinal series and liver function tests are not relevant to a diagnosis of APSGN.
A woman visits a primary healthcare provider and reports chills, severe abdominal pain, and increased vaginal discharge. Which infection does the nurse suspect the woman to have? 1. Gonorrhea 2. Chlamydia 3. Trichomoniasis 4. Pelvic inflammatory disease
A woman with chills, severe abdominal pain, and increased vaginal discharge may have pelvic inflammatory disease. Symptoms of gonorrhea include dysuria and reddened labia. Chlamydia exhibits non-specific symptoms. Symptoms of trichomoniasis include a frothy cervical or urethral discharge that appears yellow to green.
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to provide information about adolescents. Which statement made by the student indicates the need of further teaching? 1 "Adolescents have risk-taking behaviors." 2 "Adolescents accept their society and its values." 3 "Adolescents consider themselves invincible." 4 "Adolescents think of their parents as materialistic."
Adolescents tend not accept society and its values; they often question society and its values. Adolescents tend to take risks because they believe that they are invincible. Adolescents commonly consider their parents to be too narrow-minded or too materialistic.
In which stage of development are food choices affected by such factors as peer acceptability and sociability, possibly resulting in malnutrition or chronic illness? 1. Midlife 2. Infancy 3. Childhood 4. Adolescence Test-Taking Tip: Multiple-choice questions can be challenging because students think that they will recognize the right answer when they see it or that the right answer will somehow stand out from the other choices. This is a dangerous misconception. The more carefully the question is constructed, the more each of the choices will seem like the correct response.
During adolescence, parental influence diminishes and the adolescent bases food choices on peer acceptability and sociability. These choices can result in such chronic illnesses as diabetes and obesity. Midlife adults are more mature than adolescents in making food choices and are less susceptible to the influence of factors that can lead to malnutrition or chronic illness. Infants depend on human milk, the preferred form of nutrition for all infants. Children establish lifelong eating habits during the first 3 years of life. Infants and children are too young to make food choices that are affected by peer acceptability and sociability.
Which strategy needs to be employed while interviewing the adolescent as a part of her health-screening? 1 To start with more sensitive issues 2 To explain the limits of confidentiality 3 To ask more of close-ended questions 4 To interview the adolescent along with her parents
Explaining the limits of confidentiality helps to obtain reports on physical or sexual abuse. It also helps to get others involved if the client is suicidal. As per the nursing care guidelines, interview should include open-ended questions, when possible, in order to obtain detailed information about the client. As per the guidelines, interview should begin with less sensitive issues followed by more sensitive ones. In order to ensure privacy, it is preferable to interview the adolescent in the absence of parents.
An eighth-grade teacher reports to a school nurse that a student has suddenly dropped out of activities, has been receiving bad grades, has a flat affect, and cries for no specific reason. Which familial factors should be investigated to identify the cause of this behavior? Select all that apply. 1 Lack of future options 2 Parental loss 3 Unavailable parents 4 Social incompetency 5 Child abuse or neglect
Familial factors such as parental loss, parental unavailability, and child abuse may lead to behavioral issues in an adolescent. Social incompetency and lack of future options are personal causes.
A 16-year-old adolescent sustains an ankle injury while playing soccer. Crutches and no weight-bearing are prescribed by the primary healthcare provider. What must the nurse ensure when adjusting the crutches? 1 That they reach to 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) below the axillae 2 That they extend to 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) from the side of each foot 3 That the elbows are extended when the crutches are held by the crossbars 4 That the shoulders are slightly stooped when the crutches are bearing body weight Test-Taking Tip: Do not change your pattern of study. It obviously has contributed to your being here, so it worked. If you have studied alone, continue to study alone. If you have studied in a group, form a study group.
Having the crutches extend to 6 inches (15.2 centimeters) from the sides of the feet ensures the maximal base of support when the adolescent ambulates. Having the crutches reach to 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) below the axillae may cause trauma to the brachial plexus; the crutches should be 2 inches (5 centimeters) below the axillae. The elbows should be flexed, not extended, when the client holds the crossbars. Hunched shoulders indicate that the crutches are too short, which could result in trauma to the brachial plexus.
The primary healthcare provider prescribed benzoyl peroxide to a client with severe acne. During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the client did not respond to the therapy. Which other medications should the nurse suspect to be beneficial for the client? Select all that apply. 1 Trazodone 2 Isotretinoin 3 Minocycline 4 Streptomycin 5 Erythromycin
If moderate to severe acne does not respond to topical treatments, then systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated. Systemic antibiotic therapy includes minocycline, streptomycin, and erythromycin. Trazodone may cause priapism; it may not be beneficial for the client. Isotretinoin is an effective oral medication that is reserved for the treatment of severe cystic acne in clients who do not respond to other treatments.
Which fundamental biologic changes are observed to be similar during the growth of female and male adolescents? Select all that apply. 1 Detectable changes in voice during late-puberty 2 Appearance of initial pubic hair during early-puberty. 3 Progression of pubic hair growth during mid-puberty. 4 Development of axillary hair and detectable facial hair during mid-puberty. 5 Obtaining peak height and weight velocities simultaneously during late-puberty.
In both male and female adolescents, pubic hair appears during early-puberty and progresses to grow during mid-puberty. Detectable change in voice is generally seen in males. Females do not develop detectable levels of facial hair. Peak weight velocity occurs simultaneously only in males whereas in females it occurs about 6 months after obtaining peak height velocity
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the role of estrogen in adolescents. Which statements made by the nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. 1 High levels of estrogen tend to promote skeletal growth 2 Nipples grow and darken under the influence of estrogen 3 Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the growth of axillary hair 4 Estrogen is responsible for breast enlargement during adolescence 5 Estrogen production results in formation of endometrial lining of uterus
Low levels of estrogen promote skeletal growth in adolescence while high levels of estrogen inhibit growth. Estrogen promotes the growth of pubic and axillary hair. Estrogen causes the growth and darkening of nipples, the enlargement of breasts, and the formation of an endometrial lining.
What is the most important nursing intervention for minority adolescents? 1. Identifying individuals at risk for substance abuse 2. Providing counseling to adolescents during rehabilitation 3. Helping ensure improved access to appropriate healthcare 4. Guiding minority adolescents to prevent injuries and accidental deaths.
Minority adolescents experience a greater likelihood of health problems and barriers to healthcare. Hence, helping improve access to appropriate healthcare is the most important intervention for the nurse working with minority adolescents. Identifying individuals who are at risk for substance abuse, providing counseling to adolescents during rehabilitation, and guiding adolescents to help prevent injuries and accidental deaths are applicable to all adolescents.
An adolescent with type 1 diabetes is brought to the emergency department in ketoacidosis. The adolescent admits to not adhering to the diabetic regimen. What can the nurse do to help the adolescent become more accepting of the diabetic regimen? 1 Determine what the adolescent has been taught about diabetes. 2 Encourage the adolescent to express feelings about having diabetes. 3 Explain to the parents that it is their responsibility to demonstrate their acceptance. 4 Provide the family with printed materials about the consequences of ineffectively controlled diabetes.
Psychosociocultural factors related to chronic illness often affect individual adherence to a medical regimen, particularly in an adolescent. These feelings must be explored and addressed before there can be acceptance of the treatment plan. The adolescent's feelings should be explored before it is determined what the adolescent knows about diabetes. Although it is important for the parents to demonstrate acceptance, adolescents need control and therefore the teaching must begin with the adolescent. Printed materials may be helpful later, but scare tactics rarely prompt changes with any lasting benefit.
A nurse educates an obese adolescent about healthy dietary habits and risks associated with obesity. Which statements by the adolescent indicate the need for further counseling? Select all that apply. 1 "I should exercise regularly." 2 "I should play more outdoor games." 3 "I should watch more television to reduce the stress." 4 "I should add lots of vegetables to my diet." 5 "I should contact a surgeon about bariatric surgery." Test-Taking Tip: Be alert for details about what you are being asked to do. In this Question Type, you are asked to select all options that apply to a given situation or client. All options likely relate to the situation, but only some of the options may relate directly to the situation.
Stress is a major cause of obesity. Rather than watching television to reduce stress, physical activities such as playing outdoor games and regular exercise should be undertaken. Bariatric surgery is performed only when there is morbid obesity. Reducing the consumption of fat-rich foods and increasing the consumption of vegetables will help with weight reduction.
An adolescent has pain, swelling, and inflammation of the testis, abdominal pain, and occasional immobilization of the scrotum. Which condition does the adolescent likely have? 1 Varicocele 2 Epididymitis 3 Testicular torsion 4 Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion manifests as pain, inflammation, and hanging of the scrotum. The scrotum may become immobile an absence of the cremasteric reflex. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are accompanied along with the scrotal pain. Varicocele is the elongation, dilation, and twisting of the veins of the spermatic chord superior to the testicle. Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis as a result of bacterial infection, chemical irritant, or local trauma. With epididymitis, there is no abdominal pain associated with the testicular pain. Testicular cancer may or may not cause pain, and nodular mass-like structures are present in the scrotum.
An adolescent client who reports bleeding from vagina for 2 months is diagnosed with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Which assessment findings in the adolescent's history may be relevant? Select all that apply. 1 History of trauma to the vagina 2 Presence of malignant lesions 3 Family history of vaginal bleeding 4 Medical history indicating iatrogenic causes 5 History of early menarche
Trauma to the vagina and malignant lesions can cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding as can iatrogenic injuries (i.e., those caused by physician's activity or medical treatment). Family history and early menarche may not be relevant in this condition.