Advanced Molecular Cell Biology CH 3

mRNA

According to the central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank?DNA → _____ → Proteins

binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the _____

always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activi

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would _____.

Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

A site

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

A stop codon is reached.

How does termination of translation take place?

RNA

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

true

In eukaryotes a methylated nucleotide called CAP plus protein attract ribosome to the mRNA. Group of answer choices

altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β hemoglobin and two molecules of α hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits _____.

nucleotides

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of which of the following monomers?

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following? Group of answer choices

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Translation requires _____.

the components of the R-group

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor.

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

cytosine, uracil, and thymine

Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA? Group of answer choices

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally.

Which of the following is the strongest evidence that protein structure and function are correlated?

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.

Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is true?

Cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure

You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulfur-containing cysteine residues occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding? Group of answer choices