Advocacy Groups

Party conferences

At the beginning of each session of Congress, Republicans and Democrats in each chamber hold separate________ (the House Democrats call theirs a caucus) to select their party leaders and decide committee assignments

Elections socialize political activity

Elections transform what might otherwise be sporadic citizen-initiated acts into a routine public function.

national convention

Every four years, each party assembles thousands of delegates from the states and U.S. territories (such as Puerto Rico and Guam) for the purpose of nominating a candidate for president.

Bolter

Parties formed from factions that split off from one of the major parties. Progressive, American Independent

Farmer-labor

Parties that believe that they, the working class, are not getting their share of society's wealth. Peoples Party "Populist"

Parties of ideological protest

Parties that reject prevailing doctrines and propose radically different principles, often favoring more government activism. Socialist

Parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. Voters should choose candidates according to the party programs. The winning party should carry out its program once in office. Voters should hold the governing party responsible at the next election for executing its program.

The Model of Responsible Party Government

Elections institutionalize access to political power

They allow ordinary citizens to run for political office or to play an important role in selecting political leaders.

Single-issue

formed to promote one principle, not a general philosophy of government. Free Soil, Prohibition

national committee

governs each party between conventions, is composed of party officials representing the states and territories, including the chairpersons of their party organizations.

Elections bolster the state's power and authority

helps convince citizens that the government is responsive to their needs and wants, which reinforces its legitimacy.

Congressional Campaign Committee

raises its own funds to support its candidates in congressional elections.