AEMT Quiz 8

If a patient has a ventricular assist device (VAD) that provides continuous blood flow:

he or she will not have any palpable pulses.

An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) _______ crisis.

hemolytic

While assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock, you notice angioedema of the face and neck. This is caused by:

histamine release that results in an increase in vascular permeability.

A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than the cell is referred to as being:

hypertonic.

Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:

immediately.

Stimulation of beta1 receptors causes a positive inotropic effect, resulting in:

increased cardiac contractility.

Physiologic effects of catecholamines include:

increased systemic vascular resistance

A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:

increases heart rate

Patients with a hemorrhagic stroke typically experience a rapidly declining level of consciousness because of:

increasing intracranial pressure.

In addition to epinephrine, other medications that can be administered to patients with an allergic reaction include:

inhaled bronchodilators.

A 38-year-old male with an inguinal hernia complains of increased pain and nausea. He tells you that he has been able to reduce the hernia himself in the past, but it will not reduce today. This patient is at greatest risk for:

strangulation of the bowel.

Osmosis is defined as the:

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

The self-administration of licit or illicit substances in a manner that is not consistent with approved medical or social practice is called:

substance abuse

The microvascular thrombus formation and tissue ischemia that occurs during multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the result of:

uncontrolled coagulation.

Compared to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation is advantageous because it:

utilizes less energy to achieve effective defibrillation.

Blood enters the right atrium through the:

vena cavae and coronary sinus.

The lungs are covered with a thin, slippery outer membrane called the:

visceral pleura.

While assessing a patient with an apparent behavioral crisis, he tells you that he sees a pink elephant in the corner of the room. This is an example of a(n):

visual hallucination.

Compared to the patient's chief complaint, the primary problem is:

what is actually wrong with the patient.

Cardiac asthma is a condition in which a patient:

with congestive heart failure experiences wheezing due to constricted bronchi.

The Cobra perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA) is contraindicated in patients:

with massive trauma to the oral cavity.

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

with one or two hands.

An idiopathic seizure is a seizure:

without an identifiable etiology.

A violent patient should never be restrained in a prone position because:

you cannot effectively monitor the patient's airway.

Approximately 12 hours after eating at a restaurant with his wife, a 49-year-old male complains of blurred vision, severe weakness, and difficulty breathing. This patient's clinical signs are most consistent with exposure to:

C botulinum

Which of the following would provide you with the least amount of information about the emotional state of a 20-year-old male who will not respond to any of your questions?

Hair length

What are the pyriform fossae?

Hollow pockets along the lateral borders of the larynx

Which of the following conditions or situations would result in a psychiatric emergency of an organic etiology?

Hypoglycemia

An intraosseous line should be inserted in a critical patient if:

IV access cannot be achieved within 90 seconds.

Patients with acute alcohol withdrawal commonly need:

IV crystalloid fluid boluses to treat hypovolemia

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male who has abused an unknown type of drug, you note severe deformity to his hand. The patient, who is very agitated, states that he bent his fingers back in an attempt to break them. This abnormal behavior is most consistent with the use of:

PCP

Which of the following is the most reliable sign of a potentially violent patient?

Physical activity

You are assessing a 62-year-old female who has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD). As you are applying oxygen to her, she becomes unconscious, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.

You are transporting a 60-year-old male to the hospital for suspected COPD exacerbation. He is receiving 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. As you reassess him, you note that his respirations have decreased and have become shallow. You should:

begin assisting his ventilations

The liver secretes ________, which is an enzyme that the body uses to:

bile, dissolve fats into solution.

Chronic carbon dioxide retention, as seen in patients with certain lung diseases, may cause the patient to:

breathe on the basis of decreased oxygen.

Patients with emphysema:

breathe through pursed lips and may develop polycythemia.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of:

bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

During the IV procedure, when is it most appropriate to apply the constricting band?

Before you cleanse the venipuncture site

The chemical mediators that cause an allergic reaction are released by:

basophils and mast cells.

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than _______ in front of your torso.

15 to 20 inches

A 42-year-old man was splashed in the eye by a corrosive substance. Medical control orders you to irrigate the patient's eye with 2 liters of sterile saline. How many milliliters is this?

2,000

How many millimeters are in two centimeters?

20

After ____ minutes without oxygen, some brain damage is almost certain.

6

What is the normal tidal volume for a neonate?

6 to 8 mL/kg

During cardiac arrest, the resuscitation team should maintain a chest compression fraction of at least:

60%

Assuming that previous exposure and sensitization has occurred, which of the following patients will likely experience the most severe allergic reaction?

A 40-year-old female who was stung by a yellow jacket

Glycogenolysis is a metabolic process in which:

glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose.

A patient who presents with a headache, fever, confusion, and red blotches on his or her skin should be suspected of having:

meningitis.

A 20-year-old female, who is a known IV drug abuser, has overdosed on heroin. Your assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, bradycardic, and hypotensive. Her respirations are slow and shallow. As your partner is assisting her ventilations, you should start an IV and give:

0.4 mg of naloxone, followed by a reassessment

The most appropriate administration set to use for a patient who requires rapid fluid replacement is one that delivers 1 mL of IV fluid per:

10 drops.

Which of the following conditions would result in the most rapid loss of consciousness?

Acute hypoglycemia

Which of the following patient conditions would contraindicate the use of a multilumen airway device?

An unconscious apneic patient with alcoholism and an absent gag reflex

Which of the following types of shock are caused by "relative hypovolemia"?

Anaphylactic and neurogenic

Which of the following causes of an acute abdomen would be least likely to present with fever?

Appendicitis prior to rupture and abscess formation

Which of the following medications would the AEMT be least likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

Atropine

Which of the following conditions would be the least likely cause of mental incapacitation?

Chronic hyperthyroidism

Which of the following medications will not respond to the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

Cocaine

In which of the following patients would it be most appropriate to administer oral glucose?

Confused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately

You respond to a call for a 16-year-old boy who injured his arm. As you are assessing the child, he tells you that he does not want you to touch him. His mother tells you to begin treatment and transport the child to the hospital if necessary. What should you do?

Continue your assessment and transport if necessary.

Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia is correct?

Early-onset schizophrenia may be associated with brain damage.

Which of the following signs or symptoms is most suggestive of organophosphate poisoning?

Excessive lacrimation

A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma, and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area?

Extremity lift

What physiologic reaction occurs when a person's blood sugar level falls?

Glucagon production is increased.

Which of the following statements regarding hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is correct?

HHS is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 69-year-old female with "breathing problems." When you arrive, the patient's husband directs you to his wife, who is sitting on the couch in obvious respiratory distress. She is semiconscious and has labored, shallow respirations. You auscultate her lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi in all lung fields. Which of the following interventions would be of least benefit to her?

IV therapy with up to a 500-mL normal saline bolus

Which of the following physiologic processes does not occur in patients with COPD?

Increased surfactant production

_______ fluid accounts for approximately 16% of the body's total weight.

Interstitial

Which of the following statements regarding clinical decision making is correct?

Irrelevant or extraneous data can skew your interpretation of a patient's condition, potentially leading to inappropriate care.

_______ brain cells receive a minimal supply of oxygen and are unable to function normally.

Ischemic

_______ solutions provide a stable medium for the administration of medications and provide effective fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Isotonic

Which of the following findings does not indicate the potential for violence?

Large physical body size

Which of the following conditions would most likely mimic the signs and symptoms of an acute ischemic stroke?

Low blood glucose level

A 20-year-old male has sustained blunt trauma to the face, chest, and abdomen after being attacked by a rival gang. Which of the following signs or symptoms is most suggestive of decompensated (progressive) shock?

Narrowing pulse pressure

Which of the following clinical findings is most consistent with inadequate breathing?

Respirations of 16 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

Which of the following signs is most indicative of adequate breathing?

Respirations of 20 breaths/min

A 32-year-old male ingested a large quantity of an opioid. Which of the following clinical signs would you most likely encounter during your assessment?

Respiratory depression and hypotension

Which of the following statements most accurately describes asthma?

Reversible obstruction caused by bronchospasm, mucus production, and edema

Which of the following most accurately describes the pathophysiology of angina pectoris?

Reversible process in which myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply of available oxygen

Which DEA classification is given to a drug that has no accepted medical uses and a high abuse and dependence potential?

Schedule I

Which of the following statements regarding the geriatric patient with an acute abdomen is correct?

Severe abdominal organ dysfunction may present with mild or absent pain.

Which of the following conditions is not categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance abuse

What happens when systemic vascular resistance is decreased?

Systolic blood pressure falls.

Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?

The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream.

Which of the following statements regarding the 12 cranial nerves is correct?

They arise from the brain and innervate the head and face.

What is an example of a cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction?

Transfusion reaction

What physiologic response causes a vasovagal reaction?

Vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure

What physiologic response would be expected to occur if a patient's systolic blood pressure dropped below 80 mm Hg?

Vasomotor stimulation with resultant arterial vasoconstriction

Five minutes after administering a patient's epinephrine auto-injector to him, you reassess him and note that his symptoms have not improved. You should:

administer a second dose of epinephrine, if the patient has another auto-injector.

The Hering-Breuer reflex is defined as:

a feedback loop that inhibits the inspiratory center, which prevents overexpansion of the lungs.

Ventricular tachycardia is:

a rapid contraction of the ventricles that does not allow for normal filling of the heart.

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs as a result of:

a ruptured cerebral artery.

A 19-year-old female presents with severe pain to the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She is restless, tachypneic, and tachycardic. When you inquire about her last menstrual period, she tells you that it was approximately 2 months ago. You should suspect:

a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Virulence is defined as the:

ability of a microorganism to cause disease.

Peritonitis is almost always associated with nausea and vomiting because:

absent peristalsis prevents movement of food through the GI tract.

An important neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system is:

acetylcholine.

A 22-year-old female with type 1 diabetes is unresponsive and has a blood glucose level of 29 mg/dL. She is receiving high-flow oxygen, and several attempts to establish IV access have failed. You should:

administer 0.5 to 1 mg of glucagon via the intramuscular route.

Your primary survey of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:

administer oxygen with the appropriate device.

Appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

administering oxygen and transporting immediately.

If the amount of pulmonary surfactant is decreased:

alveolar surface tension will increase.

Ascites is defined as:

an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space.

A 72-year-old male with type 2 diabetes complains of "not feeling well." He is diaphoretic and his blood sugar reading is 110 mg/dL. You should be most suspicious for:

an acute myocardial infarction.

A biphasic response to an antigen occurs when:

an acute response is followed later by a delayed response.

If ventilation becomes difficult due to gastric distention, the patient will require:

an orogastric or nasogastric tube.

The primary (initial) immune response takes place during the body's first exposure to a(n):

antigen

A 29-year-old male experienced multiple fire-ant bites to his lower extremities. He is conscious and alert, and denies respiratory distress. His skin is warm, dry, and without urticaria and his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Appropriate management for this patient includes:

applying ice to the bites and observing for signs of an allergic reaction.

The pyramid-like cartilaginous structure that forms the posterior attachment of the vocal cords is called the:

arytenoid cartilage.

A lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that results in unconsciousness is called:

asphyxia.

While assessing a semiconscious 22-year-old female's respirations, you note that they are 16 breaths/min. You should:

assess the regularity and depth of the patient's breathing.

A young female with severe lower abdominal pain presents with a decreased level of consciousness, tachypnea, and shallow breathing. Her blood pressure is 88/48 mm Hg, and her pulse is 130 beats/min and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is largely related to:

atherosclerosis

The ability of a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:

automaticity

A 60-year-old male presents with shortness of breath and a productive cough of two days' duration. He denies chest pain or any other associated symptoms. Auscultation of his lungs reveals scattered bilateral rhonchi in all fields. His skin is pink, warm, and dry and the pulse oximeter reads 94% on room air. This patient is most likely experiencing:

bronchitis.

In contrast to anaphylaxis, an anaphylactoid reaction:

can occur without previous exposure to the offending agent.

The primary waste product of metabolism is:

carbon dioxide

When assessing a patient suspected of overdosing on cocaine, you must be especially alert for:

cardiac dysrhythmias

The vagus nerve:

carries parasympathetic fibers to the thoracic and abdominal organs.

The spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord and:

carry signals to and from the body.

Shortly following a meal, a 49-year-old female complains of acute pain to the right upper quadrant of her abdomen with referred pain to her right shoulder. This is most suggestive of acute:

cholecystitis

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male experiencing an "emotional problem." Law enforcement is at the scene when you arrive. You should:

confer with a police officer before making patient contact

Rapid isotonic crystalloid boluses in a patient with cardiogenic shock would most likely result in:

congestion of blood in the lungs.

When assessing a patient with bizarre behavior, it is important to:

consider that a medical illness may be an underlying etiology.

A 30-year-old male presents with signs of shock. He is conscious but anxious, and is in no obvious respiratory distress. After applying oxygen, you attach a pulse oximeter, which reads 78%. This low oxygen saturation reading is most likely the result of:

decreased perfusion.

After an advanced airway has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

deliver ventilations at a rate of 10 breaths per minute.

Dry gangrene is an example of which type of necrosis?

derived

You are treating a 56-year-old man with CPAP. He has a history of congestive heart failure and is experiencing marked respiratory distress. When you reassess him, you note that he is no longer able to follow verbal commands. You should:

discontinue CPAP and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A hypertonic solution is one that:

draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.

The length and severity of an acute psychotic episode caused by a mind-altering substance depends on the:

duration of the substance being metabolized within the body.

An alteration of the size, shape, and organization of cells is called:

dysplasia

You have inserted an IV catheter into a vein in a patient's hand and have secured the IV line appropriately. You assess the flow of the IV and note that it is not flowing. You should first:

ensure that the constricting band has been released.

When responding to the scene of a patient who has possibly overdosed on a drug, your primary responsibility is to:

ensure that you are safe

You are assessing the arm drift of an elderly male with a suspected stroke and note that both of his arms drift toward the ground. You should:

ensure the patient understood your instructions and repeat the test.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that results in:

excess sodium loss and thick pulmonary secretions.

Insulin maintains homeostasis by:

facilitating cellular glucose uptake.

The removal of particles from a solution by allowing the liquid portion to pass through a membrane or other partial barrier is called:

filtration.

In the anatomic position, moving the distal point of an extremity toward the trunk is usually called:

flexion.

To minimize the risk of legal implications when managing an emotionally disturbed patient, you should:

gain his confidence so that he consents to care.

A 55-year-old male ingested a large quantity of bourbon whiskey. He is deeply unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. His "drinking buddy" tells you that the patient frequently abuses alcohol. You should:

insert an oral airway, assist his ventilations, assess his blood glucose level, transport, and start an IV line en route

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

insulin.

Your patient is a 29-year-old male who presents with signs and symptoms of shock. However, your assessment reveals no obvious external signs of injury. You should suspect:

intraabdominal bleeding.

Normal behavior is basically classified as what:

is acceptable by society.

In contrast to visceral pain, somatic pain:

is generally well localized.

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

is not a communicable disease.

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately.

An acute myocardial infarction is more apt to occur in the left ventricle because:

it is large and thick and demands more oxygen than the right ventricle.

Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, except:

jaundice and abdominal pain.

The ________ is a retroperitoneal abdominal organ.

kidney

When a patient's blood glucose level increases significantly, the:

kidneys excrete excess glucose via water.

When cellular metabolism impairment prevents the body from properly using oxygen and glucose:

lactic acid is produced.

Treatment for anaphylactic shock secondary to an insect sting may include all of the following, except:

leaving the stinger in place.

The left main coronary artery rapidly divides into the:

left anterior descending and circumflex arteries.

In most people, speech is controlled by the:

left hemisphere.

When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, it is important for you to:

let the patient tell you what happened in his or her own words.

When performing your assessment of a 40-year-old male who is agitated and displaying bizarre behavior, you should:

limit the number of personnel around the patient.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

limit your time at the scene before transport to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

To prevent the tissues from becoming edematous, the _______ system must absorb excess fluid and return it to the central venous circulation.

lymphatic

Nonfunctional erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen by cells called:

macrophages.

The goal of IV fluid replacement for the patient in shock is to:

maintain adequate perfusion.

A 29-year-old woman, who is 35 weeks pregnant, is in cardiac arrest. You should:

manually displace her uterus to the left.

Allergic reactions to oral medications:

may cause a severe reaction after 30 minutes or more following ingestion.

Following blunt and penetrating chest trauma, your patient presents with signs of shock and jugular venous distention. These clinical findings indicate:

mechanical obstruction of the heart, which is impairing pump function.

The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:

medical asepsis.

You are dispatched to the residence of a 30-year-old female who complains of severe weakness and vomiting. During your assessment, you note that she is incontinent of urine, has copious oral secretions, and is tearing. Her BP is 88/58 mm Hg, pulse is 40 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. You should suspect:

organophosphate poisoning

What happens when the PaCO2 of the arterial blood increases?

pH decreases and ventilations increase.

During your assessment of a patient, you note that he is bradycardic, hypotensive, and salivating. These clinical findings suggest:

parasympathetic nervous system stimulation.

All of the following are facial bones, except the:

parietal.

You are treating a responsive 50-year-old man with a severe airway obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After properly positioning the patient, you should:

perform 30 chest compressions.

You respond to a call for a 39-year-old female with an altered mental status. Your primary survey reveals that she is conscious but confused, has a heart rate of 88 beats/min, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

perform a focused history and physical exam.

The protein coat surrounding the core of a virus protects it from:

phagocytosis

Upon encountering an ill patient with a recent travel history, you should:

place a mask on the patient.

Shortly after administering a second nitroglycerin dose to a 44-year-old male with chest pain, he becomes lightheaded. You take his blood pressure, and it reads 80/50 mm Hg. You have already established IV access and are administering oxygen. You should:

place him supine and reassess his BP.

When assessing a patient with acute atraumatic abdominal pain, you should:

place the patient supine with his or her knees flexed.

White blood cells that develop from B cells and produce large volumes of specific antibodies are called:

plasma cells

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients who:

possibly have a head injury.

When assessing a female patient with chest pain and shortness of breath, you note that her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, her heart rate is 120 beats/min, and she has cyanosis around her mouth. In addition to supporting her ventilations, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

A middle-aged male presents with classic signs and symptoms of a dissecting aortic aneurysm. The most important intervention that you can perform for this patient is:

prompt transport.

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:

pulmonary embolism.

A 38-year-old male who was wearing a helmet while involved in a motorcycle crash

rapid head-to-toe assessment, spinal immobilization, vital signs.

Bioavailability is defined as the:

rate and extent to which an active drug enters the general circulation.

Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should:

remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.

Your assessment of a patient with an allergic reaction should focus on the:

respiratory system, circulatory system, mental status, and skin.

A 50-year-old female is in cardiac arrest. You attach the AED and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should:

resume CPR and reanalyze her cardiac rhythm after 2 minutes.

After applying the AED to your cardiac arrest patient, you receive a "shock advised" message. You should:

resume CPR as the defibrillator is charging.

After blood diffuses across the capillary membrane and perfuses the cells, it:

returns waste products to the right side of the heart, starting with the venules.

A 60-year-old male with a history of poorly controlled hypertension complains of a sudden, severe headache. Within a few minutes, his level of consciousness rapidly deteriorates. This is most suggestive of a(n):

ruptured cerebral artery.

Baroreceptors, which are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses, help regulate blood pressure by:

sensing changes in systemic vascular resistance.

The ability of the body to recognize a foreign substance the next time it is encountered is called:

sensitivity.

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

Your 23-year-old female patient complains of pain to the superior portion of her face. She tells you that the pain has persisted for the past few days and gets worse when she bends down to pick something up. This is most consistent with a:

sinus headache.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it:

slows the heart rate by decreasing SA node discharge.

Most of the digestive process occurs in the:

small intestine.

You are treating a 50-year-old female with severe abdominal pain. She is conscious but restless, and is begging you for pain medication. Her blood pressure is 136/88 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

start a large-bore IV and set it at a keep the vein open rate.

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:

suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

The most immediate threat to life caused by angioedema is:

swelling of the upper airway.

Amphetamines and methamphetamines are examples of:

sympathomimetics

The _______, which is present wherever a nerve cell terminates, connects to the next cell via _______.

synapse, neurotransmitters

A 65-year-old man takes two medications for two separate disorders, and notices that the effects he experiences are greater when he takes both medications but less when he takes only one of the medications. This is an example of:

synergism

Decreases in cardiac output and blood pressure in a patient with anaphylactic shock are the result of:

systemic vasodilation

Potential side effects of epinephrine include:

tachycardia and hypertension.

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

tachycardia, weight loss, and hyperactive reflexes.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is:

the blood pressure required to sustain organ perfusion.

The hypertension that is commonly observed in patients with an intracerebral hemorrhage is usually the result of:

the body's attempt to shunt blood to the brain.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when:

the body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source.

The function of a drug or the particular action of a drug on an organism is called:

the mechanism of action.

Disease or inflammation of organs that lie behind or beneath the abdominal cavity can cause signs of peritonitis because:

the parietal peritoneum is richly supplied with very sensitive nerves.

A patient is considered to have positive orthostatic vital signs if:

the systolic pressure drops upon standing.

Hypoxic cellular injury occurs when:

there is a loss of hemoglobin function.

During a seizure, neurons are in a hypermetabolic state. This means that:

they are using large amounts of glucose and producing lactic acid.

A 40-year-old female with chronic anxiety finds that she requires more of her anti-anxiety medication in order to achieve the same effect. This is an example of:

tolerance