African Animals 2
Cheetah is derived from the hindi word meaning... and the Sanskrit word...
"spotted one" and "chitraka"
Sportsmen once used cheetah for ___________
Coursing; hunting by sight as oppose to scent.
Spotted Hyena
Crocuta crocuta
The Five Domain Model
Nutrition Environment Health Behavior Mental State
Harem System
One dominate male with many females
Lion
Panthera leo
Leopard
Panthera pardus
Sabel antelope need high _______ and low _______ diets.
Protein and fiber
The Pangolin lives in _____ and ____
Rain forests and savannah grasslands.
Trapeziue
Raises the head and shoulder
Levator nasolabialis
Raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils.
Tapetum lucidum
Reflective crystals, act as a mirror and increase night vision in the Sable Antelope eye.
Leopards are Obligate Carnivores
Rely on nutrients in animal tissues to meet their nutritional requirements
Brachiocephalicus
Runs from the head and neck to the shoulders.
Cheetah have _____________ claws
Semi-retractable
Thoracolubaar fascia
Serves as the anchor to a lot of back and abdominal muscles.
Honey badgers are of the subspecies ______
Signata
Reticulum
Similar function to rumen
Cheetahs leg muscle
Slow twice fibers in the front (efficient oxygen use) and fast twitch fibers in the back (don't burn oxygen to create energy)
Pangolins are _____ and use ______ to mark.
Solitary; urine
Types of Leopards
Strawberry, Black, and Average Leopards
Leopards have a high requirement for _______ found exclusively in animal flesh
Taurine
The diastema
The space between the cheek teeth and the incisors to accommodate the long tongue.
honey badgers have very loose skin; why?
They can turn to attack their attackers and so their predators can't easily grab them.
Mut
Traditional African medicine
Cheetah habitats include
Wet tropical forests, bushveld, thickets, grassland, savannah, highveld, marshland, fynbos, Karoo shrubland, and semi-arid deserts.
Pangolins rely mainly on ____ for finding food; their ___ and ___ are not very good.
smell, sight and hearing
Rumen
storage sac that mixes food with bacteria
Rewild
taking from one area and putting them back into a natural system.
The cannon bone
the 3rd and 4th metatarsals combined.
Masseter muscle
the muscle that closes the mouth and is the major muscle involved in chewing powder
Leopard spots are made by...
two chemicals called morphogens are thought to diffuse pigment cells to interact and create the black-brown or pale yellow-reddish colored rosettes.
Compassionate conservation
Consideration of animal welfare in the conservation context
The tongue is sticky and about ___-____ cm long
25-50
The honey badger has ___ teeth in total
32
Pangolins normally don't forage more than ___ meters form their shelters
500
Near the honey badgers throat their skin is ______ thick
6mm
There are currently __ panther species in the genius ___________
8 and Pardus pardus
Sable Antelope need ___ liters of water a day
9
Home Range
A large area where the animals move according to available resource. There are no definite boundaries.
Territory
A small area that an animal will reside on for its entire life. It has specific boundaries ad normally occupied by a family unit while defended.
Blood sinus; these help to detect extremely small sensations.
A special hair follicle that contains Tony capsules of blood.
monogastric digestive system
A stomach adapted to eating raw flesh now breaking down carbs. (very small digestive tract); in Leopards.
What marking runs in the corner of a cheetahs eye?
A tear mark which helps absorb and reflect the sun so they can see and hunt better.
Cheetahs are the only species apart of the _____________ genuis
Acinonyx
Packs
African Wild Dogs like groups
Intercostal muscles
Aid in breathing
Diurnal behavior
Animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of sleeping, or other inactivity, at night.
The pangolin body and tail are _____ with heavy and ridged ______
Armored; scales
Genetic Bottle Neck issues include___
Asymmetry of the skull Kinked tails susceptible to the same diseases
Oligarchy
Baboons like this; a group of related males who are dominant over the others.
Aposematic Coloration
Breaking up of color to help blend in with your environment.
The xiphisternum
Cartilaginous process forming the lowermost part of the breastbone of sternum. (greatly elongated)
___________ are the fastest land animal
Cheetah
Male cheetah will form a ________ while females will be __________
Coalition and solitary
Sable Antelope are extremely susceptible to _____
Droughts and cold thats why they live in tall thickets that block the wind and will migrate if necessary
Matriarchal System
Elephant Spotted Hyena Mongoose Mom is the boss and does not mate with males in their pack to add variety to the gene pool.
Honey badgers have sight that is ______ and their eyes ____ light at night
Farsighted, reflect
Latissiums dorsi
Flexes the shoulder
Temporary association
Giraffe like this; no dominant member they just all hangout until they get tired of one another and move on.
Get their blood glucose requirements from________
Gluconeogenesisi; using protein rather than the break down of carbohydrates
ruminant
Hooved animals that have a rumen and chew their cud
Sable Antelope have ________ pupil which increase their side and "rear" vision (similar to prey animals)
Horizontal
Horns vs Antlers
Horns are permanent and antlers are shed annually
Animal Welfare
How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives.
Animal Social Structures
How animals live and interact with each other.
Indicator Species
Impala are these; if there are too many of them it shows there are not enough predators in the area.
A leopards point of articulation is______
In line with the teeth to increase bite strength.
Solitary
Leopards like being alone
The Big Five
Lion, Elephant, Rhino, Leopard, Buffalo
Prides
Lions like being with others.
A leopards whiskers are very important for increasing their sensory abilities but the most prominent ones are found on the side of their muzzles, these are called_________
Macro vibrissae
Rectus Absominis
Major ventral support for the abdomen
The Sable Antelope have a facial pattern that resembles a _______
Mask
Sable Antelope follow a ______ system with a strict _______ order of female dominance
Matriarchal and hierarchical
Honey badgers are primarily _______
Nocturnal
Aggregation
Zebra and wildebeest like this; they like to congregate together.
sexually dimorphic
a marked difference in size and appearance between males and females of a species
nocturnal
active at night
The honey badgers fur is thicker on the ___ and thinner towards the _____
back and belly
Antelope babies are born a sandy color to help them ______
camouflage
Masseter
closes jaw (the muscle of mastication/chewing)
Young sable antelope often form _____
crèche
Abomasum
digestive liquid is added to break down food before entering the small intestine.
Omasum
food is ground into fine particles
External abdominal oblique
forms part of abdominal wall
Buccinator
forms part of the cheek
Stable are ____ by nature and form large groups
gregarious
The horny epithelium
he thin tissue forming the outer layer of the body's surface and lining, and the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.
Point of articulation in Antelope is _________ with the jaw and tooth-row to provide strength
in line
Sarcocaudalus
manipulates the tail
Sable Antelope females are _____ while males are _____
more red; black to dark brown
Leopard are ______ feeders
opportunistic
Honey badgers tongue has sharp, rear facing ____
papillae (bumps)
The tongue has its root attachment in the _____ region near the kidneys.
pelvic
The ____ pad of a honey badger is large and semicircular
plantar
CAMPFIRE
provides a legal way for rural communities to harvest their natural resources on a sustainable basis
Foregut fermenters
ruminants (antelope)
Their activities include being with other badgers and ____
scent marking (makes up 15.5% of their active time)
The honey badgers tongue is has numerous _______________
sharp rear-facing papillae. (bumps)
