AG-Chapter 12.4 Party Identification

Gender

--1920 women mainly Republicans --1980 a change --Today 37% of women are Democrats --Today 25% of women are Republicans -Men lack to support Democrats -The differences stem from differences in opinions about social welfare and military issues.

Race and ethnicity

-African Americans give Democrats an 60% + advantage. dwarfs the advantage given to either party their proportion of strong Democrats is 3 times that of whites -Hispanics by more than 2/3s prefer the Democratic Party. -Cuban American Republican party

Marital Status

-Married people tend to favor the Republican party -Widowed Democrats -divorced and separated Democrats

Geographic Region

-The South - two party system was solidly Democratic resulted from party attachments that were cultivated in the nineteenth century and hardened in the fires of the Civil War now two party

Religion

-White Protestant-Methodist, Presbyterians, and Episcopalisms favor Republicans -Catholics and Jews Democrats

Age

-oldest and younger voter Democrats -middle-aged voters disproportionately favor the Republican party -Socially progressive young adults liberal issues on social issues -oldest voters who were alive during the great depression favor the Democratic Party support for social insurance programs. -Middle aged voters favor low taxes championed by Republicans.

Political socialization

-parental influence -marriage, economic status, and other aspects of adult life can change one's loyalty -Charismatic political personalities can influence -cataclysmic events (civil war and great depression) -Hot button social issues (abortion and same sex marriages) -Sectionalism -candidate-oriented politics

Social and economic factors

-people with educations tend to vote Republican -with advanced degrees tend to be democrats -Republicans predominant among executives, professionals, and white-collar workers, - Democrats lead substantially among trail lawyers, educators, and blue collar workers

Party identification

A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by a tendency to vote for the candidates of that party. -29% of voters call themselves independents

Political identification is

a significant aspect of their political personality and a way of defining and explaining themselves to others.

Group Affiliations

geographic region, gender, race and ethnicity, age, social and economic status, religion, marital status and ideology are examined