AGC BIM
XD
"(""Beyond 5D"", the ""X dimension"") The integration of other aspects into the model. It is important to note that 4D or 5D are not necessary in order to generate XD.
What is the difference between BIM as a noun and BIM as a verb?
"Noun-an electronic, virtual respensentation of a facility.
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"Teams are fragmented on just-as-needed basis, strongly hierarchical vs IPD where teams are composed of key poject stakeholders assembled early in the process; open, collaborative
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
"The process used for design or integration of design that uses 3D modeling and may also incorporate 4D scheduling, 5D quantity take off and estimating capabilities and XD analyses (such as spatial coordination, energy, sustainability, facility management, et.) to digitally design, construct, and operate a structure over its entire life cycle. The 3D model consists of objects.known as elements, rather than lines, arcs, and circles. Once objects are placed within the model in a single view (such as a floor plan, elevation, or schedule), they automatically are generated in all views; if an element is changed in one view, that change parametrically translates through all floor plans, elevations, details, and schedules that reference the same element
Model
3D respresentation of a building, aspect or project in digital form.
Digital terrain model (DTM)
A 3D representation of a portion of the earth's surface, often used for analyzing issues related to topography.
Model
A 3D respresentative of a building, aspect, or project in dgital virual form.
Payment bond
A bond wherein a surety ensures that the general contractor will pay its bills to subcontractors and suppliers.
Performance Bond
A bond wherein a surety guarantees to the owner that it will provide financial assurance that the contractor will perform its contract obligations.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
A collaborative approach that brings designers, engineers, construction managers, trade workers, suppliers and fabricators together early in the project to facilitate decision making and optimize project results (quality, productivity/timeliness, constructability, aesthetics and life-cycle management). The use of a single model to investigate clash detection is a common example of IPD.
Intellectual property (IP)
A commercially valuable, intangible asset, such as a copyright, trademark, or patent.
Flow down clause
A contract provision that requires the contracting parties to include the same or comparable term in other contracts they enter into for the same project. For example, in the ConsensusDOCS BIM Addendum 1.3, parties that enter into Governing Contracts are requred to append or incorporate the Addendum into their Governing Contract, but that section also has a flow down clause requiring those same parties to attach the Addendum to any other project contract where those theird parties will participate in modeling.
Adjudication
A decision by a court of law or arbitration about whether an owner owes a payment.
Deliverable
A deliverable is the product of engineering or design efforts. Typically, this would include a concept submittal and the corrected final design. A deliverable may have multiple phases.
Building Information Model (BIM)
A digital virtual representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a building or structure. BIM serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility, which forms a reliable basis for making decisions during its lifesycle from inception onward. A basic premise of BIM is that it is a colloborative tool for all the different stakeholders at different phases of the lifecycle of a facility to insert, extract, update, or modify model information, BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards to permit greatest interoperability. Adapted from National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS) comittee.
BIM Execution Plan
A document (tool) jointly created by the owner, contractor, and architect/engineer representatives for the project that specifies the use of BIM, modeling conventions, model scheduling, and model exchanges between the parties using BIM on the project. The BIM execution Plan is required to be created under the BIM addendum and can be used as an independent document.
Contract Documents
A document that the parties agree contains binding contrtactual obligations between them, rather than being solely advisory or informational. In the ConsensusDOCS family, the Agreement, drawings, specifications, addenda issued prior to execution of the agreement, approved submittals, information furnished by the project owner, and other documetns listed by the parties, including any modifications issued after execution, are typically Contract Documents. Models may, but are not automatically presumed to be, Contract Documents under the BIM Addendum.
Spearin Doctrine
A legal concept based on a decision issued in 1918 by the United States Supreme Court in United States v. Spearin, 248 U.S. 132, 39 S. It held that a contractor has a right to expect theat plans and specifications the contractor uses for construction under a Design-Bid-Build project delivery method are adequate. Specifically, the court held that "if [a] contractor is bound to build according to plans and specifications prepared [for] the owner, the contractor will not be responsible for the consequences of defects in the plans and specifications.
Non-exclusive license
A license granted by a copy right owner for use to one party while keeping the ability to grant others the same right.
Model Facilitator
A manager created under the ECP Addendum to facilitate BIM use on a project. The BIM Addendum's Information Manager (IM) also may be appointed to fullfill the Model Facilitator Role
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
A method of product delivery in which the owner procures a design and bid package from an independent architect/engineer, uses competitive bidding to get bid prices for all work required to build the project as specified, and then selects a constructor to build the project, often on the bais of the low bid received from a responsible constructor.
Design-Build (DB)
A method of project delivery in which one firm assumes responsibility for both the design and the construction of the project. By combining these two functions from the outset of the project, Design-Build can promote an interdisciplinary collaborative team approach throughout the entire duration of teh project.
Design-Build (DB)
A method of project delivery in which one firm assumes responsibility for both the design and the construction of the project. By combining these two functions from the outset of the project. Disgn-Build can promote an interdisciplinary team approach throughout the entire project.
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
A method of project delivery in which the owner procures a design and bid package from an independent designer; uses competitive bidding to get bid prices for all work required to build the project as specified; and then slects a constructor to build the project on the basisof the low bid recieved from a responsible constructor.
Full Design Model
A model consisiting of coordinated structural, architectural, MEP and other Design Models desinated in the BIM Execution Plan to be produced by the design team.
Non-collaborative BIM
A model creaetd independently by a party for its own purposes. Sometimes referred to as "silo BIM" or "little BIM."
Federated Model
A model that is composed of multiple models respresenting the input from all design disciplines on a project. The Model evolves through an iterative process where each subsequent iteration represents an advancement of the project designs. Ultimately, the Federated Model incorporates all 3D geometry and related object information. Under the BIM Addendum, contributions to a Federated Model do not become merged or altered and can be spearated out of the Federated Model.
Indemnitee
A party protected by another party under a contract provision that shifts liability such that the indemnitor agrees to answer for the harm suffered by the indemnitee.
Indemnitor
A party who has a duty to make good a loss, damage, or liability incurred by another party by means of a contract provision that shifts liability from one party to another.
Object
A physical entity or event depicted in a model (whether 2D or 3D) that may or may not possess any related properties. An object can be a single design element, or composed of many elements and components that would be more burdensome if treated as separate parts of the Project Model.
BIM liability insurance
A policy of insurance currently being developed that will provide a greater coverage for an individual's errors and omissions in making contributions to a model, rework needed to correct a model due to interoperability problems, and the need for recertification of a model due to negligence in contibutin to or using a model.
Occurrence basis
A policy of insurance that provides that if the insured harms persons or property and causes a loss that occurs during the policy coverage period, the insruance carrier issuing that policy will pay for that loss (up to the dollar amount of coerage limits), even if the claim is fist made after the end of the policy period.
Phase
A portion of work that arises from sequencing work in accordance with predetermined stages.
Constructablity Review
A process by which conflicts among various contributions of data and information to a model are resolved; sometims referred to as clash detection, clash resolution or spatial coordination. Representatives of each Contributor work together to identify design conflicts and to reach an agreement on the best means of resolving them during this process.
Value Engineering
A process undertaken during the design phase in which elements or compoints of the design are evaluated for ease of constructablility and to incorporate design features that provide comparable performance at better cost or schedule savings.
Collaborative BIM
A process where the project owner, arhcitect/engineer, and contractor (and often, the subcontractors, supplier/manufacturers, tenants, and others) all participate in creating and using a model(s) for the project.
Affiliated Contract
A project contract with a consultant, subcontractor, supplier, or other third party *(i.e., other than a Governing Contract between the owner and architect/engineer or the owner and the contractor, CM, or design/builder) that requires the party to contribute to or use project modeling, and to which the BIM addendum is attached or incorporated by reference.
Completed Operations
A project on whch the construction operations are complete.
Waiver
A relinguishing, or giving up, of a right possessed by a party.
Clash detection
A review that identifies when design components overlap or interfere with the proper operation of other design elements so a resolution can be developed in the 3D model during the design phase.
Tail Coverage
A rider to a CGL policy of insurance that extends the coverage period Tail coverage usually covers claims made in multiple-year increments after completion of the project, or after expiration of the original policy.
Scheduling
A sequence of activities based upon the elements of a construction plan and reflectin the decisions made with all the project's known objectives andn constraints in mind. It is output generated from the construction plan or 3D model.
Computer Aided Virtual Environment (CAVE)
A single physical location (or virtual space) at which multiple Contributors view and discuss project issues and develop solutions in real time. In this process, team members communicate directly to add heir modeling data, colloborate on model conflict resolution, and undertake other analyses of the 3D model created for a project. Sometims referred to as co-locating or big room development.
Dimensional accurancy
A specific determination of the level of detail in the Project Models and whether it is accurate enough to take scale measurements directly from the Models.
Umbrella Policy
A supplemental policy that increase the total amount available to pay for the same kinds of losses covered by another policy.
Excess Policy
A supplemental policy that increases the total amount available to pay for the same kinds of losses covered by another policy. See also Umbrella Policy
Convention
A technical practice or protocol that is followed to govern model content definition.
Construction Model
A term created in the BIM Addendum for a Model that 9a) consists of those aspects of the project that are to be modeled as specified in the BIM Execution Plan prepared pursuant to the Addendum; (b) utilizes data imported from Design Models or, if none, from a desinger's Construction Documents; and (c) contains the equivalent of shop drawings and other information useful for construction.
Valuable Papers Insurance
A type of poperty insurance that protects the owner of valuable papers from the same kinds of risks as property insurance provides for furnishings, tools, and equipment - namely, protection against physical damage or destruction to them. It also protects against loss or damage of project records by covering the cost of replacing or recreating the damaged or destroyed records.
Contractor Controlled Insurance Program (CCIP)
A type of specialty coverage intended to avoid gaps in coverage among the three main construction insurances.
Owner Controlled Insurance Programe (OCIP)
A type of specialty coverage intended to avoid gaps in coverage among the three main construction insurances.
Wrap Up Insurance
A type of specialty coverage intended to avoid gaps in coverage among the three main construction insurances. See OCIP and CCIP
iRoom
A virtual room within the company and on the jobsite in which project team members gather for spatial coordination meetings.
Work for hire
A work created by an author, employed by another under a work relationship or a written agreement, who conveys the copyright ownership for the work to the employer either before or after completion of the work.
Derivative work
A work that is taken, translated adapted, or in some way further developed from a previous copyrighted work. This subsequent product, in its derived form, enjoys copyright protection only to the extent of material independently contributed by the author of this additional work.
Visualization
Activities related to creating images for the purpose of seeing.
Project Participation
All of the parties that have Governing Contracts and Affiliated Conttracts, who will contribute to the Model and/or will use it to analyze, construct, or operate the buildings depicted in the completed Models.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
Also known as Integrated Practice, a project delivery method that leverages intellectual and physical resources using the best available tools to produce the highest quality product by placing project owner, contractor, and architect/engineer at risk for profit or loss on the project. It requires ongoing shared team knowldge that is well facilitated through extensive BIM use.
Derivative of a derivative
An adaptation of a derivative work
Electronic Communications Protocol (ECP) Addendum
An addendum to a contract that establisshes protocol for electronic communications to be strickly followed by all project contributors. See ConsensusDOCS
Format
An agreed upon process that all Contributors to a Model consistently folllow in naming files, objects, schedules, and other design elements (4.3.15 and 4.3.16). This may also include specific file structures for saving and exchanging Model data or certain software to develop and keep Model data secure (4.3.17 and 4.3. 18)
Object enabler
An application written by a software developer that allows its custom, or proprietary, objects or elements to be viewed in a different software application environment. Object enablers may be available at no charge from the website of a modeling software application developers.
Building Information Model
An electronic virtual representation of a facility, which in many cases comprises a 3D representation of the facility.
Intellgent
An element or object in the model that is data-rich, or able to furnish additional information about itself, such as it length, width, size, model number, or other physical attributes.
Charrette
An intensive design review process that involves the collaboration of all project stakeholders at the beginning of a project to develop a comprehensive plan or model.
buildingSMART alliance
An international membership organization with representation in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia of architects, engineers, constructors, product manufacturers, facilities managers, and software vendors. Formerly IAI, buildingSMART alliance was established to coordinate open interoperability and full lifecycle implementation of Building Information Models. These help to guarantee loest overall cost, optimum sustainability, energy conservation, and environmental stewardship to protect the earth's ecosystem.
Drawings
Any (a) two-dimensional plans, sketches, or other drawings that are created separately, and not derived, from a model and (b) two-dimensional projections derived from a model supplemented with independent graphics or annotations that are also specified by the parties as Contract Documents. See also Contract Documents
Analysis software
Applications developed for the purpose of conducting complete engineering or other analyses of 3D modeling (i.e., RISA-3D, RAM, STAAD.Pro, and ETABS
The National Institute of Building Sciences (NBIS)
Authorized by the U.S. Congress in the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, Public Law 93-383. In establishing NIBS, Congress recognized the need for an organization that could serve as an interface between government and the private sector to improve the building regulatory environment, facilitate the introduction of new and existing products and technology into the building process, and dissemeinate nationally recognized technical and regulatory information
Horizontal BIM
BIM for infrastructure and civil engineering, sometimes known as Civil Information Modeling (CIM)
nD model
Beyond 5D. The integration of other aspects or analyses of the 3D model, such as safety, energy, indoor air quality, lighting, etc. See also xD model
Interoperability
Capability of different programs to exchange data via a common set of exchange formats, to read and write the same file formats, and to use the same protocols.
Ordinary care
Care that a reasonably prudent party in the same trade and geographic area would exercise when contronted with similar facts and circumstances. See also duty of ordinary care.
The National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS)
Committee of the National Insitute for Building Sciences (NBIS) Facility Information Council (FIC) that created IFCs. Since 1992 the FIC mission has been to "improvie the performace of facilities over their full lifecycle by fostering common and open standards and an integrated lifecycle information model for the AEC and FM industry."
ConcensusDOCS
ConsensusDOCS contracts were written and endorsed by a coalition effort of 29 leading construction associations. The coalition's goal was to draft fair documents that incorporate best practices to improve the design and construction industry. The library includes more than 90 contract documents covering all methods of project delivery. ConsensusDoCS ws the first to publish standard documents comprehensively addressing IPD (300); BIM (301); and Green Building (310).
International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI)
Consist of software companies, building product manufacturers, information publishers, owners, designers, and builders in AEC and other industries whowse goal is to develop a universal standard for model data information sharing. See also buildingSMART alliance.
Shop Drawings
Drawings prepared by licensed design professionals that illustrate means and methods of implementing work consistent with an architect's designs.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Addendum
Endorsed by a wide range of owner and construction industry groups, the BIM Addendum fosters the colloborative use of Building Information Modeling that appropriately balances critical interests and concerns of everyone who contributes to and uses BIM on a project. [see ConsensusDOCS]
Spatial coordination
For design coordination and constructability, to check work digitally before putting it in place in the field. (synonyms: interference, collision conflict, clash detection, variance, coordination.)
Constraints
Formatting that establishes how the software will interpret specific desin elements, such as walls, windows, doors, stairs and other primary building objects. In the growing model.
Desing-Build Insurance
Furnishes coverage for negligently-caused errors in design and construction of a project delivered on a Design-Build basis. The intent of this insurance is to furnish the equivalent coverage traditionally offered through both CGL coverage and professional liability coverage without a gap of uncovered loss between the two.
Contractual privity
Having a contractual relationship between two parties. A lack of privity may limit a party's ability to assert claims. In the Design-Bid-Build construction context, a lack of contractual privity of the contractor with the atchitect/engineer results in the contractor being able to assert design defect claims to the owner, with whom the contractor is in privity. See Spearin Doctrine
Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs)
IFCs are data elements that represent parts of buildings, or lements of the design process, and contain the relevant information about those parts. IFC's are used by computer applications to assemble a computer-readable model of the facility that contains all the information of the parts and their relationships to be shared among Project Participants. The BuildingSMART Alliance has created this non-proprietary data exchange format to mitigate interoperability problems in modeling. See also interoperability.
Computer-Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE)
Immersive environments which enable virual simulation of intended construction sequence and installation. Companies and project teams are creating CAVES solely dedicated to utilizing BIM
What are some direct benefits of BIM
Improve communication and coordination, early detection of constructability. It enforces consistency and provides what-if analysis.
Elements
Individual design components within BIM software that allow designer to create three-dimensional design quickly and easily.
Commerical General Liability Insurance (CGL)
Insurance coverage that protects the party it insures against risks of accidental physical injury to persons or property arising from negligence in performance of contracted work operations on a project.
Claims-made
Insurance that covers only claims that the insured becomes aware of, or should haver become aware of, during the policy period, even if the act, error, or omission that gave rise to the claim occurred before the policy period began.
Trademark
Intellectrual property rights that protect words, names, symbols, sounds, or colors that distinguish goods and services from those manufactured or sold by others and indicate the source of goods. Project marketing symbols are commonly trademarked to distinguish a unique project from those offered by competing developers.
Liability
Legal obligation or responsibility to do or to refrain from doing something. Common law can impose general liability. Contract terms, agreed upon between parties, create and/or limit general liability
Injunction
Legal proceeding to stop wrongful use of intellectual property or proprietary data.
Object families
Libraries of cut-and-paste templates for common design elements included in most BIM software. These libraries include common design features, such as walls, roof, windows, doors and trim, stairs, railings, ramps, cabinets, landscaping, and light fixtures.
Co-locating
Locating team members who contribute to Project Models in the same physical or virtual space to work simultaneously together on the models. See Computer Assisted Virual Environment
Threee dimensional (3D) face model
Looks similar to a solid model, only without internal information such as volume. Essentiall, a face model is a shell of the outsde. The projeces a smaller file size, as inside information is not included. Wallpaper is a good example because its exterior face is extremely thin.
Social BIM
Mdel is developed collaboratively with the owner, design team, construction team and others all contributing.
Project Model
Model consisting of the federation of a Full Design Model and one or more Construction Models designated in the BIM Execution Plan to be produced by the parties contributing to the Models.
Lonely BIM
Model is not developed collaboratively and the construction team must develop its own model based on the information provided by the design team in construction documents.
Open interoperability standards
Non-proprietary protocols and data structures that support the exchange or joint use of digital information by differing software tools
Co-authors
One of two or more parties who contribute to a single work.
Parametric modeling
Parametric models are object-based rather than line-based. This allows them to have all of the objects in a model be adaptable by simply changing the reference file for theat object; it also allows all of the views to be changed automatically when one is changed.
What are characteristics of a Parametric Models?
Parametric models have properties and rules. Example of properties would be a wall that is 6" thick and 22' long. Example of rule would be height, volume and quantity of objects, i.e . Window.
Additional Insured
Parties other than the named insured that are protected by a policy endorsement giving them direct protection for claims arising under the policy.
Rendering
Photorealistic digital image with lighting conditions, material textures, reflectivity and shadows. Used for presentation, visualization, understanding, consiensus, sales, marketing and funding.
Construction Manager at-Risk (CM at-Risk)
Project delivery method where the owner has a contract with the CM at-Risk and another directly with the designer. The constructor typically provides essential pre-construction services, holds the trade contracts, takes responsibiity for the performance of the work and guarantees the construction cost and schedule. The CM at-Risk also serves as the prime contractor, assuming the risk of the performance, either by its own crews or by specialty contractors and suppliers.
Patent
Property rights granted for original inventions to limit other from making, using, or selling the invention.
Copyright
Property rights granted to protect works of authorship, such as writings, music, and works of art that have been tangibly experssed, or reduced to a fixed form.
Professional Liability Insurance
Protects professional service providers from damages or losses due to acts of negligence, or non-intentional acts, errors, or omissionss in performance of their professional activities on a project. See also Errors and Omissions Insurance
Error and Omissions (E&O) Insurance
Protects professional service providers from damages or losses due to acts of negligence, or non-intentional acts, errors, or omissionss in performance of their professional activities on a project. See also Professional Liability Insurance.
Information Technology (IT) Management Coordinator
Provides day-to-day technology management and coordination for all project electronic communications issues.
What are some indirect benefits of BIM
Reduction of problems, provides robust and reliable schedules, improves accountability and collaboration. Early timing of RFI's and reduction of change orders and optimizes the design and plan of constructing the project.
Two dimensional (2D)
Referes to traditional construction drawings on paper that display a building in multiple views, with each view showing only heght and width, height and depth, or width and depth of the space illustrated in that view. Typical views include floor plans, elevations, section cuts, reflected ceiling plans and detail drawings.
Information Technology (IT) Administrators
Representatives for the project wowner, contractor, and architect/engineer who are authorized and responsible to coordiante their respective party's compliance with the technical protocols and procedures related to information technology use, including BIM, for the project under the ECP Addendum.
Three dimensional (3D) solid model
Represents the entire volume of an object. Mass properties can also be associated with solid models to more closely represent real-world objects, such as steel or concrete. If additional information is needed (mass, volume, bounding box, centroid, moments of inertia, products of inertia, radii of gyration, principal moments, etc.), they can be extracted with a click of a button. Solids contain the most information and least ambiguity of the 3D modeling types. Complex sollid shapes are also easier to construct and edit than are wireframes and meshes.
Professional Services
Services provided by a licensed professional, such as an architect, engineer, or construction manager.
Three dimensional (3D) polygon mesh model
Similar to 3D face, except poly mesh tends to be a single flat plane such as a ground plan.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software and services provided either by subscription or pay-as-you-go model. Could also be charged by time (processing units). This is one example of Cloud computing.
Parametric
Software objects that reflect the real-world behaviors and attibutes of construction materials, equipment and assemblies. Objects possess characteristics of construction materials, equipment and asem,blies and the interrelationship and interaction between them. Consistent relationships between elements as the model is manipulated.
Parametric
Software objects/elements that reflect or describe the real-world behaviors and attributes of construction materials, equipment, and assemblies depicted. Objects possess characteristics of construction materials, equipment, and assemblies and also depict the interrelationship and interaction among them. Consistent releationships are maintained among elements as the model is manipulated.
Solid modeling
Solid modeling allows users to easily create and edit 3D solid shapes in an arbitrary way.
Quantity takeoff
The ability to count, measure, and extract any or all of the identified elements contained in a 3D model.
Augmented Reality
The ability to see where you are in the model, while you are physically walking the project. There is a lot of development activity in this sector.
level of detail
The amount of data carried within the modeled object.
License
The authorization of a copyright owner to another for use of intellectual property or proprietary data while continuing to retain ownership of the work and data.
Duty of ordinary care
The care that a reasonalbly pruduent party in the same profession and geographic area would exercise when confronted with similar facts and circumstances. See also ordinary care.
Three dimensional (3D)
The combination of height, width and depth of the space illustrated in that view. This is the basis of building modeling. 3D creates a more realistic view of a space that can be understood by the layperson as well as those versed in construction documents.
Policy limits
The contracted maximum amount an insurer is obligated to pay on an insured's behalf pursuant to the policy of insurance.
Laser scanning
The controlled steering of laser beams, followed by a distance measurement at every pointing direction. The method is used to rapidly capture shapes of objects, buildings and landscapes.
Architectural Work
The design of a building embodied by design records, including the building structure itself.
Designer
The dsign professional on the project responsible for performing and overseeing overall project design.
Interoperablity
The exchange of information among Project Participants throughout the lifecycle of a facility by direct communication between sofware applications. This is accomplished via a common set of exchange formats to read and write data similarly and to use the same protocols.
Contribution
The experssion, design, data, or information that a party (a) creates or prepares, and (b) incorporates, distributes, communicates, or otherwise shares a Model or Model data with others on a project.
Negligence
The failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonable prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable rsik of harm, except for conduct that intentionally wantonly, or willfully disregards others' rights.
Five dimensional (5D)
The integration of quantities and cost into the 3D model. This allows for more accurate takeoffs, as long as the model has included all of the objects necessary for the building. It is important to note that 4D is not necessary in order to generate 5D.
Four dimensional (4D)
The integration of time (scheduling) into the 3D model. This allows for scheduling to be more easily understood by allowing the equivalent to time-lapse photography without actually building the structure..
Associated General Contractors of America
The leading national construction trade association representing all facets of commercial construction for both public and private entities including building, heavy, highway and municicpal projects. AGC and its nationwide network of chapters are recognized as the leaders in defining and advocating for the construction industry for nearly a century.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
The leading professional membership association in the United States for design professionals, owners, and general contractors using steel construction, Founded in 1921.
The American Institute of Architects
The leading professional membership association in the United States for licensed architects, emerging professionals, and allied partners since 1857.
Granualarity
The level of detail depicted to scale accurately in a model. See also dimensional accuracy.
Information Management
The measure that protect and defend model information and information systems with respect to their availability, integrity , authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.
Information Technology (IT) Management Team
The owner IT Administrator, contractor IT Administrator, and architect/engineer IT Administrator form this group, which is given the responsibility to jointly develop procedures, protocols, and practices needed for the effective administration of electronic communications information, modeling, and documents determined to be necessary for the project.
Contractor
The party on the project responsible for performing and overseeing construction by the party's own and/or hired forces.
Information Manager (IM)
The party responsible under the BIM Adddendum for coordinating the measures that protect and defend model information and information systems with respect to their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.
Webmaster
The person or party that provides day-to-day operation and maintenance of a project website.
Governing Contracts
The principal agreements between the project owner and contractor (or construction manager or design/builder), and the project owner and the architect/engineer for a project.
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
The process used for design or integration of design that uses 3D modeling and may also incorporate 4D scheduling, 5D quantity take off and estimating capabilities and XD analyses (such as spatial coordination, energy, sustainability, facility management, to digitally design, construct and operate a structure over its entire lifecycle. The 3D model consist of objects known as elements, rather than lines, arcs and circles. Once objects are placed within the model in a single view (such as a floor plan, elevation, or schedule), they automatically are generated in all views; if an element is changed in one view, theat change parametrically translates through all floor plans, elevations, details and schedules that reference the same element. Sometimes referred to as virtual design and construction, or VDC.
Construction Manager (CM) as-Agency
The project delivery method where the owner has a contract with the CM and another directly with the architect/engineer. The CM typically provides essential pre-construction services, holds the trade contracts as an agent of the owner, and takes responsibility for the administration and supervision of the work of the multiple prime contractors.
Cloud Computing
The use of computer resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over the network. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing.
Virual Design and Construcion (VDC)
The use of integrated multi-displinary performance models of design-construction projects, including the product (i.e., facilities), work processes and organization of the design-construction-operation team in order to support explicit and public business objectives. "VDC models are virtual because they show computer-based descriptions of the project." (Kunz & Fischer 2007)
Builder's Risk Insurance
This insurance covers risks associated with unexpected losses to the work during construction, such as weather-related damage, theft, flood, and collapse of a partially completed structure.
Design Model
Those aspects of the Project that 9a) aere to be modeled as specified in the BIM Execution Plant prepared pursuant to the BIM addendum and (b) have reached the stage of completion that would customarily be experssed by the architect/engineer in 2D design documents ready for construction.
Collaboration
To work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.
What are the differences between Traditonal Project Delivery and IPD in the Agreements
Traditional has a unilateral effort of allocating and transfer risk, not sharing where an IPD agreement encourages, foster, promote and support multi-lateral open-sharing and collaboration; risk sharing.
What are the differences between Traditonal Project Delivery and IPD in the Process
Traditional is more linear, distinct and segregated whereas IPD there is early contribution of knowledge; information opensly shared; trust; respect.
What are the differences between Traditonal Project Delivery and IPD in the Compensation/Reward
Traditional method the reward is individually pursued to maximize the return with the minimal amount of effort whereas IPD the Team success is tied to project success; value-based.
What are the differences between Traditonal Project Delivery and IPD in the Risk
Traditional the risk is individually managed to transfer the greatest extent possible to other parties whereas IPD the Risk is collectively managed and shared.
What are the differences between Traditonal Project Delivery and IPD in the Communication & Technology
Traditional utilizes a 2D paper based whereas IPD utilizes a digital based; virtual; BIM
Soft clash
Two or more model elements that violate space constraints imposed by code or desing limitations without physical overlap. These typically include clearance around objects, tolerance needed for a safe operation, and egress requirements.
Spatial coordination
Used for coordination and constructability; identifies physical interferences between objects within the model prior to work in the field. This can apply to optimizing a space, where objects may not be colliding, but might still require attention. (Synonyms; interference, collision, conflict, clash, variance, trade coordination.)
Data repurposing
When integrating model designs or data using different software programs and one software lacks the ability to correctly interpret data generated by the other software, and ignores (does not depict) or changes the first software's model data when viewed or read by the second software.
Hard clash
When two components physically overlap in the same space depicted on a virtual 3D model.
Copyright infringement
Wrongful use of intellectual property or proprietary data derived from copyrighted work without permission from the copyright owner.
xD Model
beyond 5D. The integration of other aspects or analysis of the 3D model, such as safety, energy, indoor air quality, lighting, etc. See nD model
Consequential Damages
in the context of BIM Addendum, consequential damages include injury to anything other than the models themselves that arise as a consequence of model use or access.
