agls 2

Cross-cultural research suggests that individuals who lack awareness and engage in self-enhancement are seen by their bosses as being highly likely to derail in ________cultures, because they violate the cultural norms for modesty.

only collectivistic

All of the following are ways that an agent tries to protect expert power EXCEPT ________.

permanently solving a problem

When followers see a charismatic leader as an idealized self who exemplifies their wishes and fantasies, and who serves as an ideal role model to emulate, this is called ________ _________.

personal identification

A leader's ________ power over subordinates is based on authority over punishments, which varies greatly across different types of organizations.

position

Which pattern of traits (from strongest to weakest) is BEST for managers in organizations?

power, achievement, affiliation

________ power is derived from a target person's strong feelings of affection, admiration, and loyalty toward the agent.

referent

In the ________ phase, the new approach is implemented and it becomes established.

refreezing

Followers who identify with the leader are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

reject the leader out of fear

Internal changes in an organization that emphasize economics ________.

seekstoimprovehumacapability.

Social identification can be increased by ________.

skillful use of slogans, symbols, and rituals

A narcissistic leader is LESS likely to be effective than a leader who has ________.

strong self confidence and optimism combines with a socialized power orientation and high emotional maturity.

Laboratory experiments on charismatic leadership ________.

suggest that followers are highly impacted by leaders' nonverbal expressive behavior

Which of the following is part of the attitude-centered approach to change?

teambuilding activities

________ skills are more important for top executives in organizations where operating decisions are highly centralized.

technical

________ skills include knowledge about methods, processes, and equipment for conducting the specialized activities of the manager's organizational unit.

technical

_________ change involves using networked workstations, order processing systems, and intranets with groupware for idea sharing among employees.

technology

With transactional leadership, ________.

the leader provides rewards to followers who comply with the leader's requests

Personality ________ are relatively stable dispositions to behave in a particular way.

traits

The most extreme type of change is ________ change, which requires dramatic shifts in vision, systems, strategy, or structure.

transformational

________ leadership motivates followers by appealing to their self-interest and offering benefits.

transformational

A major determinant of expert and referent power is the perception by others that a person is trustworthy.

true

A potential consequence of charismatic leadership is that excessive confidence and optimism can blind the leader to real dangers.

true

Achievement orientation includes a set of related needs and values, including a strong performance orientation and concern for task objectives.

true

Although some continuity in the vision is desirable, it is helpful to keep looking for ways to make the vision more appealing and credible.

true

Charisma is the term used to describe a form of influence based not on tradition or formal authority, but rather on follower perceptions that the leaders is endowed with exceptional qualities.

true

Even when the conditions are favorable for using rewards, they seldom motivate someone to put forth extra effort beyond what is required to complete the task and get the reward.

true

If an organization has a history of failed change efforts based on popular management programs that are ineffective, this may make the employees cynical about future change efforts.

true

Ingratiation is used more for initial requests than for follow-up attempts.

true

Mental models help to explain why people may discount or ignore unexpected information that does not fit their theories or assumptions about how things work.

true

People who demonstrate emotional maturity have a more accurate awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, and have a self-improvement orientation instead of denying weaknesses and fantasizing success.

true

Power is a dynamic variable that changes as conditions change.

true

Rational persuasion is a flexible tactic that can be used for most influence attempts and target persons.

true

Resistance to change is common in organizations.

true

Technical skills include factual knowledge about the organization and knowledge about the organization's products and services.

true

The most useful taxonomy proposed for classifying managerial skills has three broadly defined skill categories called technical skills, interpersonal skills, and conceptual skills.

true

The term "learning organization" has been used to describe organizations that learn rapidly and use the knowledge to become more effective.

true

The trait research finds that energy level, physical stamina, and stress tolerance are associated with managerial effectiveness.

true

Transformational leadership describes how effective leaders inspire and transform followers by appealing to their ideals and emotions.

true

When relying on referent power as a source of influence, it is important to ensure that the target person understands how important a request is for you.

true

In the ________ phase, people come to realize that the old ways of doing things are no longer adequate.

unfreezing

Research suggests that genetic factors account for ________ percent of the variance in the attainment of leadership roles, as well as the possession of personality traits associated with leadership, such as social potency and need for achievement. (Write your answer in numerical form.)

30

What is role modeling?

A well-liked person sets an example of proper behavior.

Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is MOST accurate?

Charismatic leaders are less common in business organizations.

________ usually involves an impersonal trade of unrelated benefits, whereas ________ usually involves a joint effort to accomplish the same task.

Exchange; collaboration

Which is MOST likely to be effective for implementing major change?

Provide opportunities to experience early success in implementing change.

________ theory explains how some organizational subunits gain or lose power to influence important decisions such as determination of the organization's competitive strategy and the allocation of resources to subunits and activities.

Strategic contingencies

________ is another reason for a leader to be viewed as extraordinary.

The ability to see opportunities others fail to recognize

The ________-centered approach to change involves changing mindsets and values with persuasive appeals, training programs, team-building activities, or a culture change program.

attitude

Most of the tactics used for proactive influence attempts ________.

can be used to modify a request made by a subordinate

In the ________ phase, people look for new ways of doing things and select a promising approach.

changing

Over the last two centuries, there has been a general decline in use of ________ power by most types of leaders.

coercive

In general terms, ________ skills involve good judgment, foresight, intuition, creativity, and the ability to find meaning and order in ambiguous, uncertain events.

conceptual

More ________ skills are needed by middle- and lower-level managers who are expected to participate in strategic planning, product innovation, and leading change.

conceptual

In interpreting their results of which qualities are associated with charismatic leaders, Banks et al. found that ________ contributes to the leader's commitment to the vision and mission.

conscientiousness

The feeling, "This isn't happening," is associated with the _________ stage in the reaction to change.

denial

Positive charismatics ________.

do not engage in self sacrifice

________ ________ occurs when a leader who is very positive and enthusiastic influences the enthusiasm of followers for the work and their perception that they can accomplish difficult objectives.

emotional contagion

Which of the following is a specific trait related to leadership effectiveness?

emotional stability and maturity

__________ is the term used to describe the process of learning how to make incremental improvements in existing products, services, or processes.

exploration

Charismatic leadership is essential for a CEO to be effective.

false

Explaining how a person's career may be helped by doing a task for you is called an exchange tactic.

false

Implementing a generic change program that is currently popular makes it unnecessary to conduct a careful diagnosis of the problems confronting the organization.

false

In general, research findings indicate that effective leaders rely on their position power more than on their personal power.

false

It is not feasible for a manager to use more than one direct influence tactic at the same time or in a sequence.

false

Leader optimism and self-confidence are essential to influence others to support the leader's vision, but excessive optimism can cause a failure to recognize flaws in the vision or strategy.

false

Major changes must be initiated by top management.

false

Managers with a socialized power orientation use power to aggrandize themselves and satisfy their strong need for esteem and status.

false

Research on the cumulative effects of experiencing repeated, intense changes suggests that the more common effect is to "inoculate" people and leave them better prepared to change again

false

The outcome is called resistance when the target person is willing to carry out a request but is apathetic rather than enthusiastic about it and will make only a minimal effort.

false

Transformational and charismatic leadership are similar in most respects and the terms can be used interchangeably to describe leaders.

false

When collective efficacy is low, people are more willing to cooperate with members of their group in a joint effort to carry out their mission.

false

Descriptive research on narcissistic charismatics found that they are MOST likely to ________.

give recognition to followers who make important contributions to the attainment of the vision

Social needs and motives ________.

guide, energize, and sustain behavior

Effective managers are LEAST likely to have which of the following traits?

high need for affiliation

Setting an example of courage and dedication and making self-sacrifices to benefit followers is an example of which type of transformational behavior? (Two words.)

idealized influence

When leaders make conscious efforts to portray themselves as confident, creative, trustworthy and visionary they are engaging in ________ ________.

impression management

The type of transformational behavior that includes providing support, encouragement, and coaching to followers is called _______ _______.

individualized consideration

The ________ tactic is more likely to be used in a follow-up influence attempt than in an initial influence attempt.

ingratiation

In the transformational leadership model, communicating an appealing vision and using symbols to focus subordinate effort are hallmarks of ________ _________.

inspirational motivation

________ ________is behavior that influences followers to view problems from a new perspective and look for more creative solutions.

intellectual stimulation

The influence process used when a leader emphasizes the symbolic and ideological aspects of the work, making it seem more meaningful, noble, heroic, and morally correct is called _________.

internalization

________ skills include knowledge about human behavior and group processes, the ability to understand the feelings, attitudes, and motives of others.

interpersonal

________ power is based on formal authority, and it involves the rights, prerogatives, obligations, and duties associated with a particular position in an organization.

legitimate

Emotional contagion ________.

may cause the leader's qualities to become exaggerated