agls 2
Cross-cultural research suggests that individuals who lack awareness and engage in self-enhancement are seen by their bosses as being highly likely to derail in ________cultures, because they violate the cultural norms for modesty.
only collectivistic
All of the following are ways that an agent tries to protect expert power EXCEPT ________.
permanently solving a problem
When followers see a charismatic leader as an idealized self who exemplifies their wishes and fantasies, and who serves as an ideal role model to emulate, this is called ________ _________.
personal identification
A leader's ________ power over subordinates is based on authority over punishments, which varies greatly across different types of organizations.
position
Which pattern of traits (from strongest to weakest) is BEST for managers in organizations?
power, achievement, affiliation
________ power is derived from a target person's strong feelings of affection, admiration, and loyalty toward the agent.
referent
In the ________ phase, the new approach is implemented and it becomes established.
refreezing
Followers who identify with the leader are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT ________.
reject the leader out of fear
Internal changes in an organization that emphasize economics ________.
seekstoimprovehumacapability.
Social identification can be increased by ________.
skillful use of slogans, symbols, and rituals
A narcissistic leader is LESS likely to be effective than a leader who has ________.
strong self confidence and optimism combines with a socialized power orientation and high emotional maturity.
Laboratory experiments on charismatic leadership ________.
suggest that followers are highly impacted by leaders' nonverbal expressive behavior
Which of the following is part of the attitude-centered approach to change?
teambuilding activities
________ skills are more important for top executives in organizations where operating decisions are highly centralized.
technical
________ skills include knowledge about methods, processes, and equipment for conducting the specialized activities of the manager's organizational unit.
technical
_________ change involves using networked workstations, order processing systems, and intranets with groupware for idea sharing among employees.
technology
With transactional leadership, ________.
the leader provides rewards to followers who comply with the leader's requests
Personality ________ are relatively stable dispositions to behave in a particular way.
traits
The most extreme type of change is ________ change, which requires dramatic shifts in vision, systems, strategy, or structure.
transformational
________ leadership motivates followers by appealing to their self-interest and offering benefits.
transformational
A major determinant of expert and referent power is the perception by others that a person is trustworthy.
true
A potential consequence of charismatic leadership is that excessive confidence and optimism can blind the leader to real dangers.
true
Achievement orientation includes a set of related needs and values, including a strong performance orientation and concern for task objectives.
true
Although some continuity in the vision is desirable, it is helpful to keep looking for ways to make the vision more appealing and credible.
true
Charisma is the term used to describe a form of influence based not on tradition or formal authority, but rather on follower perceptions that the leaders is endowed with exceptional qualities.
true
Even when the conditions are favorable for using rewards, they seldom motivate someone to put forth extra effort beyond what is required to complete the task and get the reward.
true
If an organization has a history of failed change efforts based on popular management programs that are ineffective, this may make the employees cynical about future change efforts.
true
Ingratiation is used more for initial requests than for follow-up attempts.
true
Mental models help to explain why people may discount or ignore unexpected information that does not fit their theories or assumptions about how things work.
true
People who demonstrate emotional maturity have a more accurate awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, and have a self-improvement orientation instead of denying weaknesses and fantasizing success.
true
Power is a dynamic variable that changes as conditions change.
true
Rational persuasion is a flexible tactic that can be used for most influence attempts and target persons.
true
Resistance to change is common in organizations.
true
Technical skills include factual knowledge about the organization and knowledge about the organization's products and services.
true
The most useful taxonomy proposed for classifying managerial skills has three broadly defined skill categories called technical skills, interpersonal skills, and conceptual skills.
true
The term "learning organization" has been used to describe organizations that learn rapidly and use the knowledge to become more effective.
true
The trait research finds that energy level, physical stamina, and stress tolerance are associated with managerial effectiveness.
true
Transformational leadership describes how effective leaders inspire and transform followers by appealing to their ideals and emotions.
true
When relying on referent power as a source of influence, it is important to ensure that the target person understands how important a request is for you.
true
In the ________ phase, people come to realize that the old ways of doing things are no longer adequate.
unfreezing
Research suggests that genetic factors account for ________ percent of the variance in the attainment of leadership roles, as well as the possession of personality traits associated with leadership, such as social potency and need for achievement. (Write your answer in numerical form.)
30
What is role modeling?
A well-liked person sets an example of proper behavior.
Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is MOST accurate?
Charismatic leaders are less common in business organizations.
________ usually involves an impersonal trade of unrelated benefits, whereas ________ usually involves a joint effort to accomplish the same task.
Exchange; collaboration
Which is MOST likely to be effective for implementing major change?
Provide opportunities to experience early success in implementing change.
________ theory explains how some organizational subunits gain or lose power to influence important decisions such as determination of the organization's competitive strategy and the allocation of resources to subunits and activities.
Strategic contingencies
________ is another reason for a leader to be viewed as extraordinary.
The ability to see opportunities others fail to recognize
The ________-centered approach to change involves changing mindsets and values with persuasive appeals, training programs, team-building activities, or a culture change program.
attitude
Most of the tactics used for proactive influence attempts ________.
can be used to modify a request made by a subordinate
In the ________ phase, people look for new ways of doing things and select a promising approach.
changing
Over the last two centuries, there has been a general decline in use of ________ power by most types of leaders.
coercive
In general terms, ________ skills involve good judgment, foresight, intuition, creativity, and the ability to find meaning and order in ambiguous, uncertain events.
conceptual
More ________ skills are needed by middle- and lower-level managers who are expected to participate in strategic planning, product innovation, and leading change.
conceptual
In interpreting their results of which qualities are associated with charismatic leaders, Banks et al. found that ________ contributes to the leader's commitment to the vision and mission.
conscientiousness
The feeling, "This isn't happening," is associated with the _________ stage in the reaction to change.
denial
Positive charismatics ________.
do not engage in self sacrifice
________ ________ occurs when a leader who is very positive and enthusiastic influences the enthusiasm of followers for the work and their perception that they can accomplish difficult objectives.
emotional contagion
Which of the following is a specific trait related to leadership effectiveness?
emotional stability and maturity
__________ is the term used to describe the process of learning how to make incremental improvements in existing products, services, or processes.
exploration
Charismatic leadership is essential for a CEO to be effective.
false
Explaining how a person's career may be helped by doing a task for you is called an exchange tactic.
false
Implementing a generic change program that is currently popular makes it unnecessary to conduct a careful diagnosis of the problems confronting the organization.
false
In general, research findings indicate that effective leaders rely on their position power more than on their personal power.
false
It is not feasible for a manager to use more than one direct influence tactic at the same time or in a sequence.
false
Leader optimism and self-confidence are essential to influence others to support the leader's vision, but excessive optimism can cause a failure to recognize flaws in the vision or strategy.
false
Major changes must be initiated by top management.
false
Managers with a socialized power orientation use power to aggrandize themselves and satisfy their strong need for esteem and status.
false
Research on the cumulative effects of experiencing repeated, intense changes suggests that the more common effect is to "inoculate" people and leave them better prepared to change again
false
The outcome is called resistance when the target person is willing to carry out a request but is apathetic rather than enthusiastic about it and will make only a minimal effort.
false
Transformational and charismatic leadership are similar in most respects and the terms can be used interchangeably to describe leaders.
false
When collective efficacy is low, people are more willing to cooperate with members of their group in a joint effort to carry out their mission.
false
Descriptive research on narcissistic charismatics found that they are MOST likely to ________.
give recognition to followers who make important contributions to the attainment of the vision
Social needs and motives ________.
guide, energize, and sustain behavior
Effective managers are LEAST likely to have which of the following traits?
high need for affiliation
Setting an example of courage and dedication and making self-sacrifices to benefit followers is an example of which type of transformational behavior? (Two words.)
idealized influence
When leaders make conscious efforts to portray themselves as confident, creative, trustworthy and visionary they are engaging in ________ ________.
impression management
The type of transformational behavior that includes providing support, encouragement, and coaching to followers is called _______ _______.
individualized consideration
The ________ tactic is more likely to be used in a follow-up influence attempt than in an initial influence attempt.
ingratiation
In the transformational leadership model, communicating an appealing vision and using symbols to focus subordinate effort are hallmarks of ________ _________.
inspirational motivation
________ ________is behavior that influences followers to view problems from a new perspective and look for more creative solutions.
intellectual stimulation
The influence process used when a leader emphasizes the symbolic and ideological aspects of the work, making it seem more meaningful, noble, heroic, and morally correct is called _________.
internalization
________ skills include knowledge about human behavior and group processes, the ability to understand the feelings, attitudes, and motives of others.
interpersonal
________ power is based on formal authority, and it involves the rights, prerogatives, obligations, and duties associated with a particular position in an organization.
legitimate
Emotional contagion ________.
may cause the leader's qualities to become exaggerated
