All A&P Tests / Labs 1-6
The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
Hyaline
Watery perspiration is an example of a ________ secretion.
Merocrine
Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to the
Z-Line
The elbow is distal to the wrist.
false
The epidermis (top layer of skin) is deep to the dermis.
false
The thoracic cavity is inferior to the abdominopelvic cavity.
false
A joint pictured below is an example of a(n)
fibrous joint.
What is the function of the transverse tubules?
to transmit a muscle impulse into the cell interior
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?
transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged
An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion.
true
The front of the hand is anterior to the back of the hand.
true
The lumbar regions are lateral to the umbilical region.
true
Blood cell formation
Hematopoiesis
In spongy bone, you would not find ...
Osteons
Idenitfy the number corresponding to the following: small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues:
1
Figure 13.2 Spinal Nerves. Use Figure 13.2 to answer the following question(s): In which structure are sensory cell bodies located?
10
Write the number indicating the humerus
10 Humerus
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
16
Write a number indicating the ilium
16 Illium
Write the number of the following: orbicularis oris
2
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
2 electrons
The following are steps in the process of bone repair. 1. Cells of the periosteum and endosteum divide rapidly. 2. A fracture hematoma forms. 3. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel the region of the injury. 4. An external callus encircles the bone at the level of the fracture and an internal callus organizes within the marrow cavity. 5. Osteoblasts replace the central cartilages with spongy bone. 6. Cells at the center of the callus differentiate into chondrocytes and cells at the edges of the callus differentiate into osteoblasts. The correct order of these events is:
2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.
The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin. 2. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3. The free myosin head splits ATP. 4. The myosin head pivots towards the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin. 6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin. The correct sequence of these events is
2, 5, 1, 4, 6, 3.
Write the number indicating the patella
20 Patella
Write the number indicating the tarsals
23 Tarsals
Figure 12.1 The Neuron. Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following question(s): Which area(s) of the neuron could be myelinated?
3
Indicate the number of: a pad of fibrocartilage that may help channel the flow of synovial fluid?
3
Write the number of the following: Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis (Frontalis)
4
Write the number of the following: orbicularus oculi
4
Refering to the above question, how many amino acids are made from this DNA segment?
6
Figure 13.2 Spinal Nerves. Use Figure 13.2 to answer the following question(s): Which root(s) would be carrying motor commands?
9
Parietal lobe
A
Write the letter of the following (this is a posterior view): biceps femoris
A
Write the letter of the following: (This is an anteriorview, right leg) Tibialis anterior
A
Write the letter of the following: Masseter
A
Write the letter of the following: lateral pterygoid
A
Write the letter of where you would find his sternal (jugular) notch
A Jugular notch
Write the letter indicating the mandible:
A Mandable
Write the letter indicating the xiphoid process
A xiphoid process
Area of the sarcomere overlapping with the thick and thin filaments
A- Band
Please match the following skin "layers":
A: stratum corneum B: stratum lucidum C: stratum granulosum D: stratum spinosum E: stratum germinitivum (basale) F: dermis
Which of the following substances increases in amount during cellular respiration (aerobic metabolism)?
ATP
A neurotransmitter substance released at motor end plates by the axonal endings
Acetylcholine
The chief neurochemical transmitter for the contraction of skeletal muscle is:
Acetylcholine
Destroys ACh
Acetylcholinesterase
Myofibrils are composed primarily of
Actin and Myosin
Which of the following processes involves the use of specific carrier molecules?
Active Transport
Cells that store fat are called
Adipocytes
Hypodermis; in mesenteries; surrounding kidneys; posterior to eyeballs
Adipose
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Adipose
A metabolic pathway that provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used. Products are water and carbon dioxide and ATP.
Aerobic respiration
A characteristic of the tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is
All of these
During anaerobic glycolysis
All of these
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
All of these
Which of the following contain keratin?
All of these
Joints that have some limited degree of movement are called ______.
Amphiarthrotic
Which region of the limbic system is primarily involved in the emotion fear?
Amygdala
Deodorants are used to mask the odor of ________ secretions.
Apocrine
Mammary glands are a modified type of ________ gland.
Apocrine sweat
Conducts impulses from CNS to internal organ muscles
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Figure 12.1 The Neuron. Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "3".
Axon
On what part of the neuron are action potentials most typically transmitted?
Axon
Figure 9.2 Using Figure 9.2, write the letter of the following: H zone.
B
Occipital lobe
B
Using the figure below, write in the letter of the following: Polar region of phospholipid.
B
Using the picture below, write the letter indicating the centriole
B
Write the letter of the following: Trapezius muscle
B
Write the letter indicating the Atlas
B Atlas bone
Write the letter indicating the coronal suture
B Coronal suture
Write the letter indicating the obturator foramen
B obturator foramen
Most atypical connective tissue; extracellular fibers are soluble protein molecules found in liquidplasma, abundant extracellular matrix
Blood
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Blood
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Bone
Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells
Bone tissue
What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy.
Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, write the letter of the following: Thoracic cavity.
C
Figure 9.1 Using Figure 9.1, write the letter of the following: Muscle fiber.
C
Frontal lobe
C
Using the figure below, write in the letter of the following: Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
C
Using the picture below, write the letter indicating a mitochondrion
C
Write the letter of the following: rectus abdominis
C
Write the letter indicating the lumbar vertebrae
C Lumbar vertebrae
Write the letter indicating the occipital condyle
C Occipital condyle
Write the letter indicating the spinous process
C spinous process
The hormone that functions to decrease the level of calcium in the blood
Calcitonin
Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.
Calcium ions
Use Figure above to answer the following question(s): What is stored in the structure labeled "7"?
Calcium ions
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Cardiac muscle
Walls of the heart
Cardiac muscle tissue
The bones highlighted (in green/blue) are called the:
Carpals
Stands up to both tension and compression; tough and flexible, providing resilient rigidity
Cartilage
What is the primary tissue type present in this slide?
Cartilage
Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint
Consists of brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
In this spinal cord cross-section, the red arrow is pointing to the:
Central canal
The following would be found at the center of each osteon _____.
Central canal
This section (cut) is through which part of the human brain?
Cerebellum
Unfortunately (for you) on your way home last night you were stopped by a police officer on suspicion of drunk driving. The officer asked you to walk the yellow line on the road and then place the tip of your finger on your nose. Which part of the brain was being tested by these activities?
Cerebellum
Letter B in this picture indicates the:
Cerebellum (Light pink)
Cartilage cell
Chondrocyte
Cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
Which of the following is the site of cerebrospinal fluid production?
Choriod plexus
In the following picture of a cell, the organelles corresponding to the letter C are
Cilia
What are the names of the projections indicated by letter A in this slide?
Cilia
What moves a fluid medium across the surface of cells?
Cilia
The dermis is composed mostly of
Connective tissue
Loose connective tissue (areaolar, adipose, and reticular); dense connective tissue (dense regular, dense irregular and elastic)
Connective tissue proper
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the atomic nucleus?
Contains particles that interact with other atoms
Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group. A reserve high-energy compound.
Creatine phosphate
The skin is called the _____ membrane.
Cutaneous
Temporal lobe
D
Using Figure 2.1, write the letter of the following: Lipid.
D
Using the figure below, write in the letter of the following: Integral protein.
D
Write the letter of the following: (This is a posterior view, superficial layer) Extensor digitorum
D
Write the letter of the following: (this is an anterior view) Brachioradialis
D
Write the letter indicating the coracoid process
D coracoid process
Shafts of hair are composed of
Dead epidermal cells
The highlighted muscle (red) in this picture is called the:
Deltoid
Figure 12.1 The Neuron. Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "1".
Dendrite
The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main RECEPTIVE surfaces for neurons are
Dendrites
Opening your mouth
Depression
When activated, lysosomes function in
Digestion of foreign material.
Which structure does not contain smooth muscle?
Digestive tract
The movement in the picture below is called
Dorsiflexion
Which of the following is not true regarding RNA?
Double-stranded molecular structure
Using the picture below, write the letter indicating the cell nucleus
E
Which of the following statements is true?
Eccentric contractions perform a lengthening action.
Supports external ear, epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
Shrugging your shoulders
Elevation
The tissue that always has a free surface exposed to the internal or external environment is
Epithelial tissue
The hormone that is sometimes used in hormone therapy to reduce osteoporosis
Estrogen
Non-living material located between the cells of a connective tissue
Extracellular matrix
Write the letter of the following: (This is an anteriorview, right thigh) Vastus lateralis
F
Write the letter of the following: zygomaticus
F
Write the letter indicating the spenoid bone:
F Spenoid bone
Endocytosis is a passive transport process.
False
Muscles have much more ATP than creatine phosphate.
False
Myelin is composed mostly of carbohydrates.
False
Translation takes place in the cell's nucleus.
False
Intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis, menisci of knee joint
Fibrocartilage
Syndesmosis
Fibrous joint
Touching your chin to your chest
Flexion
Write the letter of the following: (This is a posteriorview, right leg) Soleus
G
Write the letter indicating the frontal bone:
G Frontal bone
Write the letter indicating the vomer
G Vomer
Suppose that a DNA segment has the following nucleotide sequence: CTC-ATA-CGA-TTC-AAG-TTA. Which nucleotide sequences would a complementary mRNA strand have?
GAG-UAU-GCU-AAG-UUC-AAU
What is the name of the cell indicated by letter B?
Goblet cell
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
Golgi apparatus.
Neuron cell bodies
Grey Matter
Twisters ("raised")
Gyrus
Write the letter of the following: (This is an anterior view) Brachialis
H
Write the letter of the following: (This is an anterior view, middle layer) Flexor digitorum superficialis
H
Write the letter indicating the lacrimal bone:
H Lacrimal bone
Area in the center of the A band containing only thick filaments
H- Band
Which of the following is NOT a component of the integumentary system?
Hypodermis
You finally emerge from your bedroom in the evening when you suddenly have an urge for some Nectar's fries. Which part of your brain is responsible for these hunger "pangs"?
Hypothalamus
Write the letter of the following: Platysma
I
Area of the sarcomere containing only thin filaments
I- Band
Cardiac muscle: I. is a voluntary muscle II. has intercalated disks to assist contraction III. always has at least 5 nuclei per cell IV. lines the blood vessels
II only
How would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscle?
It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax)
Write the letter of the following: (This is an anterior view, superficial layer) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
K
Skin
Keratinized stratified squamous
Which of the following cells would one NOT expect to find in the dermis?
Keratinocytes
Write the letter of the following: (This is a superficialanterior view) external oblique
L
In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the
Latent period
Exercise throughout life helps muscles to retain strength and _______.
Mass
Many allergy sufferers take antihistamines to relieve their allergy symptoms. Which type of cell produces the molecule that this medication blocks?
Mast cell
Which brain structure is the red arrow pointing to?
Medulla Oblongata
You drank too much last night and, as a result, have been making frequent stops to the bathroom today. Which area of the brain is associated with this vomiting?
Medulla oblongata
If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, what is the result?
Motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost.
Contains receptors for acetylcholine
Motor end plate
Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are
Multipolar
Rod-like contractile elements within a muscle fiber
Myofibril
Cross-bridges
Myosin molecules
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Nervous/Neural
Which of the following cell types are least likely to reproduce?
Neurons of nervous tissue
In synaptic vesicles you would likely find ________.
Neurotransmitter
A bond in which electrons are equally shared.
Nonpolar covalent bond
The cell's DNA is located in the
Nucleus
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
O, C, H, and N.
Bone producing cell
Osteoblast
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
Which of the following is not a hole or a space in a bone?
Osteon
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is
Osteoporosis
The hormone that raises the level of calcium ion in the blood
Parathyroid hormone
Consists of nerves carrying impulses to and from brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Blood vessels directly supplying the spinal cord are found in the
Pia mater.
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma
The red arrow in this picture is pointing to the:
Pons
Which of the following ions is the cell membrane most permeable to?
Pottasium
Abstract intellectual functions such as predicting the consequences of a particular response occur in the
Prefrontal cortex
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?
Produces energy
The importance of ATP molecules to cellular processes is that it
Provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
Upper respiratory tract
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The blue dot with letter B is on which bone?
Radius
Ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses
Regular dense connective tissue
A lack of exercise would
Result in thin and brittle bones
Type of fibroblast
Reticular cell
Bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
Reticular connective tissue
Your A&P teacher is at her most boring today in lecture and you feel yourself begin to fall asleep. Which part of your brain is definitely not at its most active?
Reticular formation
Choose the best option for describing causes of some common forms of arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is associated with a history of injury.
Shaking your head
Rotation
Which of the following consist of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcomere
Cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
Series of membranous channels (modified e.r.) that surround each myofibril
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The patella is classified as what kind of bone?
Sesamoid
The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as
Short bones
Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
Simple cuboidal
Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels
Simple squamous
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
Skeletal muscle
Attached to bones
Skeletal muscle tissue
The muscle tissue which shows no striations is ________ muscle.
Smooth
Synthesis of lipids takes place at the
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Walls of hollow organs
Smooth muscle tissue
Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
Figure 14.1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Use Figure 14.1 to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "12".
Spinal cord
Which of the following correctly lists the components of the central nervous system?
Spinal cord and brain
Location of red bone marrow
Spongy bone
Furrows
Sulcus
Perimysium
Surrounds each muscle bundle (fasicle)
Endomysium
Surrounds each muscle fiber
Epimysium
Surrounds entire muscle
Space between the neuron and the muscle
Synaptic cleft
Contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine
Synaptic knob
Use Figure above to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "2".
Synaptic vesicle
Diathrosis
Synovial joint
The following is what type of joint?
Synovial joint
What region of the diencephalon filters and refines sensory information, allowing us to direct our attention to specific external stimuli?
Thalamus
Epithelial tissues are characterized by a lack of blood vessels
True
Because you were drunk on tequila, the thought of it makes you cringe and will for weeks to come ... Which area of the brain has created this unpleasant association?
The limbic system
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
The palms are facing backward.
Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?
The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
They lack direct blood supplies.
Which of these accurately describes afferent neurons
They transmit information from the periphery to the CNS
Which molecules would tend to make hydrogen bonds with other molecules?
Those in which the constituent atoms are involved in a polar covalent bond
The pink dot with letter A is on which bone?
Tibia
A type of intercellular connection in which there is a partial fusion of the lipid portions of the two cell membranes is termed a(n)
Tight junctions
Lines the urinary bladder
Transitional
A characteristic of cancer is a loss of control of cell division
True
Cardiac and skeletal muscle both possess striations.
True
Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells.
True
The act of resting periodically during vigorous exercise has been shown to delay muscle fatigue.
True
The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a protein is called a gene.
True
The Blue dot with letter B is on which bone?
Ulna
Which of the following nucleotides occurs in RNA molecules, but not in DNA molecules?
Uracil
Hollow space filled with fluid inside the CNS tissue
Ventricle
What are hollow cavities within the brain that are bathed by cerebrospinal fluid?
Ventricles
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?
Water
Please match with the appropriate letter using this picture of the skin:
Which letter corresponds to the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)? C Which letter points to the blood vessels (artery, vein)? J Which letter is pointing to the arrector pili muscle? E Which letter is pointing to a sweat gland? G Which letter is pointing to a sebaceous gland? D
Groups of axons in the CNS
White matter
Which of the following correctly describes the structural arrangement of the cell membrane?
a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded
Placing a swollen ankle into a solution of Epsom salt is a common practice used to decrease edema (swelling). The Epsom salt solution is an example of
a hypertonic solution
Exocytosis is ____________________.
a process in which vesicles formed inside the cell fuse with the cell membrane and discharge their contents outside the cell.
The mechanical force of contraction is generated by a sliding of________.
a sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments
Saturated fats are distinguished by _______, whereas unsaturated fats are distinguished by ______.
all carbon atoms being joined with single carbon-carbon bonds; one or more double bonds occurring between carbon atoms
If you are the given an element's atomic number and atomic weight, what can you determine?
all of these
In reference to the eyes, the nose is:
all of these
Which of the following is a characteristic of carbohydrates?
all of these
In this spinal cord cross section, the red arrow is pointing to the:
anterior median fissure
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
areolar (loose) connective
The white matter of the spinal cord contains
bundles of axons that share common origins, destinations, and functions.
Why are calcium ions important for skeletal muscle contraction?
calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin
Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?
cells, tissues, organs, systems
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle:
changes in length and moves the "load."
Which sectional plane could divide the body so that the face remains intact?
coronal plane
Figure 14.1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid. Use Figure 14.1 to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "2".
corpus callosum
Type of bond formed by an atom with four electrons in its outermost shell.
covalent bond
What kind of cancer is considered the most dangerous?
cutaneous melanoma
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of
dense (fibrous) connective tissue.
Based on what you've learned in this chapter, where would you assume ink for a (permanent) tattoo would be deposited?
dermis
The red arrow in this picture is pointing to the:
diencephalon
Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that:
each level is dependent on the others
During the recovery period, the body's demand for oxygen is:
elevated above normal resting levels
A basement membrane (or basal lamina) occurs between
epithelial and connective tissue.
A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions with one another is a(n)
exchange reaction
Use Figure 7.1 to answer the following question(s): What is the name of the structure labeled "10"?
foramen magnum
Which of the following are not properly paired?
frontal lobe - relaying information to upper brain areas
The highlighted muscle (red) in this picture is called the (this is a posterior view):
gastrocnemius
Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
have many nuclei.
A type of bond important in holding different parts of the same molecule together into three-dimensional structure.
hydrogen bond
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
ionic bond
The formation of cations and anions illustrates the attraction between:
ionic bonds
The highlighted muscle (red) in this picture is called the:
latissimus dorsi
A parietal membrane ________, whereas a visceral membrane _________.
lines cavities; covers organs
Which of the following activities would employ primarily isometric contractions?
maintaining an upright posture
If the resting membrane potential is -70 mV and the threshold is -55 mV, a membrane potential of -60mV will
make it easier to produce an action potential
A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
negative electrons and positive protons are equal.
A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions would be called
neutral
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
neutrons
Two major parts composing a cell, along with the membrane surrounding each part, are the ______ and the ______.
nucleus and nuclear envelope; cytoplasm and cell membrane
Eye movement is brought about by all of these except _____.
ophthalmic nerve
Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?
oxygen
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
polar covalent bond
A blood clot stimulating the formation of more blood clotting is an example of
positive feedback
Red bone marrow can ______, yet yellow bone marrow will _______.
produce red blood cells and certain white blood cells; store fat (energy)
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide?
reticular connective tissue
In the following picture of a cell, the organelle corresponding to the letter B is
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Of the following ionic compounds, the one least likely to affect the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions is:
salt
The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is
simple squamous epithelium.
The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber.slow (red)
slow (red)
The skin cells that make up the majority of dust on your furniture are from what kind of epithelium?
stratified squamous epithelium
What is the primary tissue type pictured in this slide (denoted by pink arrows)?
stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following layers of the epidermis consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment-producing melanocytes?
stratum germinativum
If cerebrospinal fluid was withdrawn during a spinal tap, a needle would be inserted into the
subarachnoid space
Where would you find the most adipose tissue?
subcutaneous layer.
Use Figure above to answer the following question(s): Identify the structure labeled "3".
synaptic knob (axonal terminal)
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
tenfold
What determines the color of skin?
the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes
If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside,
water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
