Am. Government 2, US Government Chapter 5, POS 100 (CH 6), POS 100 (CH 5), Government Quiz - Chp. 5, Concurrent US Government chapters 5-8, Am. Government 2, Chapter 6: The Media, POLS 2311 Ch 4-7, Government Quiz - Chp. 5, American National Gov. Cha...
A strategy whereby a president seeks to influence policy elites and media coverage by appealing directly to the American people
Going Public
Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?
Government should do what a majority of the public wants
Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?
Government should do what a majority of the public wants.
A mix of information and diversion oriented to personalities or celebrities, not linked to the day's events, and usually unrelated to public affairs or policy; often called "soft news"
Infotainment
who was the leader of the federalists?
Alexander Hamilton.
Research on the impact of soft news finds it
All of the above are true
A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is...
China.
a country where he gov. heavily censors internet news and search engines is
China.
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion?
Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters
According to the text, which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion?
Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters.
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion?
Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked bypollsters.
Mass media; print and broadcast media
Is the means employed in mass communication, and is divided into two types: _____________ and _____________ media
the last candidate for president elected without party competition was
James Monroe
Political ideology
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called
__________ percent of surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or Saturday Night Live.
Thirty percent
Journalism that scrutinizes public and business institutions and publicizes perceived misconduct
Watchdog Journalism
in the discipline of political science, party identification refers to
a sense of psychological attachment to a party.
A media event is
a situation that is too newsworthy for the media to ignore.
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison advocated
a system that would inherently control the effects of factions
About _______ of immigrants in America are undocumented.
a third
about __ of immigrants in America are undocumented.
a third.
the democratic party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to
a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of Robert Kennedy and emphasizing opposition to the Vietnam War.
women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are
about the same.
As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.
adult peer groups and the mass media
as parental and school influences wane in adulthood, ____ emerge as more important socialization agents
adult peer groups and the mass media.
In Congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists.
age gap
when the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in
agenda Setting.
When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in
agenda setting
When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in...
agenda setting.
When all media outlets are covering the same story and virtually every other issue gets ignored, the media is said to be operating in _____ mode.
alarm
during the Vietnam War, protesting students on college campuses
all the above are true.
suppose the US abolished political parties. Voters would then
all the choices are true.
research on the impact of soft news finds it
all these choices are true.
Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on _____ as a way to inspire trust in viewers.
an "anchorman"
The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to
anonymously quote material without identifying the source
The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to...
anonymously quote material without identifying the source.
the phrase " on background" means that media are permitted to
anonymously quote material without identifying the source.
it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by an ___ among journalists.
anti-incumbent bias.
The five members of the Federal Communications Commission
are appointed by the president
The opportunities for genuine two-way flows of information between citizens and government
are being made possible by the Internet
The Children's Defense Fund and the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities
are citizen groups
The phrase "off the record" means that media
are not allowed to print the information
the phrase "off the record" means that media
are not allowed to print the information.
In general today, women politically participate
at about the same rate as men.
most democratic theorists agree that a modern nation-state cannot practice democracy without
at least two political parties regularly contesting elections.
Group leaders who follow news in specific areas are called _____ policy elites.
attentive
The free-rider problem increases the difficulty of
attracting paying members
A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
bimodal
a polling company surveying public opinion on obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
bimodal
A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...
bimodal.
elections, as an institutional mechanism,
bolster the power and authority of the state.
In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote
both order and equality over freedom
In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote...
both order and equality over freedom.
in the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote
both order and equality over freedom.
Young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parents' religions when
both parents follow the same religion
young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parent's religions when
both parents follow the same religion.
Parental influence on party identification is greater when...
both parents strongly identify with the same party
Children are likely to adopt their parents' party identification when
both parents strongly identify with the same party.
children are likely to adopt their parent's party identification when
both parents strongly identify with the same party.
Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry...
dependent on advertising revenues.
Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.
cell phones
Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their sampling, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.
cell phones
recently, media outlets have started including ____ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.
cellphones
Through the transmission model of partisanship, party identification is passed on to...
children.
According to the self-interest principle, people tend to
choose what benefits them personally
According to the self-interest principle, people tend to
choose what benefits them personally.
According to the self-interest principle, people tend to...
choose what benefits them personally.
according to the self-interest principle, people tend to
choose what benefits them personally.
a practical test whether or not a government is democratic is whether
citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.
a legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances i also known as a
class action suit.
The process of transmitting information from one individual to another is called...
communication.
****What conclusion can be made about support for the death penalty in the United States?
NOT MODESTLY OR OCCASIONALLY
****Theodore Roosevelt's joining with the Progressive Party in 1912 could be considered an example of the formation of a
NOT farmer-labor party OR party of ideological protest
****Direct action includes
NOT legislatures passing laws in response to public demands
A list of issues that need government attention
Political Agenda
the ___ Party was an agrarian "free-silver" party that was attractive in part because it was seen as a response to the depression of 1896.
Populist.
The first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the...
President.
Public opinion
Refers to the collective attitudes of citizens concerning a given issue or question
during the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the __ party
Republican.
the text uses the examples of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush to make the point that, with respect to gov. spending,
Republicans don't hesitate to spend large sums on federal programs that suit their ideology.
since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?
Zero.
The equal opportunities rule did not allow
a TV station to accept advertising only from the owner's favorite candidates
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs
Soft News
the term solid south refers to the
South's consistent democratic voting record for much of the 20th century.
Which of the following accurately characterizes presidential poll results?
Survey results can be prone to random error because interviewers receive superficial responses.
The 2015 terrorist attacks on the offices of Charlie Hebdo in France sparked a worldwide debate about the importance of...
a free press.
in the early days of America, the president was chosen by
a group of political elites in the Electoral college .
More and more, cable news seems analogous to
early partisan newspapers
More and more, cable news channels like MSNBC and Fox News seem analogous to...
early partisan newspapers.
more and more, cable news seems analogous to
early partisan newspapers.
according to a 2012 survey in your text, which of the following individuals is most likely to identify as a republican?
earning between $75,000 to $99,000, college degree, male, age 42-53.
In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote
economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order
In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote...
economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order.
Local television covers crime more than any other topic. As one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________ driven."
economically
according to Edmund Burke, the reason people unite in parties is to
enact a set of policies.
a 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to
enforce new voter identification laws.
Generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is
family
generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is
family
The major agents of early political socialization are
family, school, community, and peers
The major agents of early socialization in the United States are
family, school, community, and peers
The major agents of early socialization in the United States are...
family, school, community, and peers.
the major agents of early socialization in the united states are
family, school, community, and peers.
For most people, the first agent of political socialization is...
family.
The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as...
gatekeepers.
the media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as
gatekeepers.
George Washington, generally considered sympathetic to the Federalists Party, felt that political factions
had negative effects on democracy,
The Gallup Poll, one of the nation's oldest, was notably wrong in 1948 when it picked Rebublican Thomas Dewey to defeat
harry truman
Since 2009, most prominent weekly news magazines
have declined in recent years as much as newspaper circulation has declined
one criterion that me met for a country to be democratic is that it must
have more than one political party.
A voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political party labels to make a decision. This type of mental shortcut which requires hardly any information is called...
heuristics.
A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of
high income and high education
A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of...
high income and high education.
a libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of
high income and high education.
The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to
identify more with the Democratic Party than men do
The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to
identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.
The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to...
identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.
the contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to
identify more with the democratic party than men do.
im missing a couple more but ive worked on this for two hours so
if its not on this quizlet its probably on another one somewhere lol go find it
reaction to a film posted on Youtube made by an Egyptian-American that mocked the muslim prophet Muhammad is an example of the influence of new media platforms; that they
impact the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media".
The Federal Communications Commission is a(n) _____ that is insulated from political control by the Congress or president.
independent regulatory commission
Americans contributing money to a candidate's campaign is best defined as a form of
influencing behavior.
a story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is
infortainment.
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is
infotainment
political party platforms probably matter most to
intraparty factions at party conventions.
Research on the impact of soft news finds all of the following EXCEPT...
it can decrease people's levels of political knowledge.
A major drawback with relying upon direct mail to attract members is that
it has a low rate of return
Evidence suggests that lower-income, lower-educated Americans learn more from news when
it includes information on the historical and factual background of issues.
The Whig Party was formed to oppose
jackson's democrats
Americans are less likely to ____ than citizens of other countries.
join demonstrations.
The AFL-CIO represents
labor unions
Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.
A sample size that is _____ will more accurately represent the population.
larger
research indicates that one important reason for the decline of third-party voting starting in the 1930s may be
leftward drift of the democratic party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties.
in 2012 and 2013, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Colorado and Washington that
legalized marijuana.
Most referenda are placed on the ballot by
legislature
mot referenda are placed on the ballot by
legislatures.
In nineteen presidential elections since 1936, Gallup polls have deviated from actual results by
less than 1.0 percentage points
African-Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to have _______ policy preferences on abortion.
liberal
Today, Americans aged 17-24 are much more __________ than the general public.
liberal
Today, college students are much more __________ than the general public.
liberal
today, college students are much more ____ than the general public
liberal
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters.
liberal leanings
available evidence seems to indicate that there are ___ among journalists and reporters.
liberal leanings.
People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as
libertarian
because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to
limit individual freedom.
The most commonly used source for news in America is...
local news shows on television.
Surveys conducted over the Internet have been criticized because they...
may not be representative of the whole nation.
the most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as
mode
The most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as the...
mode.
A fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, has been termed a...
money blurt.
In 2009, Representative Alan Grayson described on C-SPAN the Republican health-care plan as "stay healthy or die quickly" and swiftly raised over $150,000 from one website alone. The phenomenon of a fiery quote generating fundraising is known as
money blurt.
psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if
more Americans believe that gov. is responsive.
some research indicates that people who watch partisan news become
more extreme in their politics.
researchers have found that political apathy is ___ in the US compared to almost all other nations.
much lower.
until the early 1960s, most Americans cited ___ as the source from which they got most of their news.
newspapers.
a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a
normal distribution
A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a...
normal distribution.
Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of...
order.
representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of
order.
someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain
order.
When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.
order; equality
In 2016, Beyoncé made headlines with her single "Formation," which conveyed a political commentary on the recent...
police shootings.
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called
political ideology
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called...
political ideology.
the set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of gov. is called
political ideology.
the text defines ___ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support gov. and politics.
political participation.
The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms poliltical values is called
political socialization
The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called
political socialization
the process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called
political socialization
The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called...
political socialization.
a direct primary is a
preliminary election to choose party candidates.
the first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the
president
in Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found ___ is are unconstitutional,
preventing blacks from voting in primary elections.
The ______________ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.
primacy
the _____ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.
primacy`
The ______ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.
primacy
The traditional division of mass media into _________ has been made problematic by the Internet.
print and broadcast
the traditional division of mass media into ___ has become made problematic by the
print and broadcast.
the shortlived ____ party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried on La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925.
progressive.
The extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on
prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive
the extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on
prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive.
Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about...
racial politics and social issues.
Edward R. Murrow earned his fame via _____ as he broadcast news of German air raids on London.
radio
The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was
radio
the first media technology to make broadcast journalist into household names was
radio
Early regulation of broadcast media in the United States resulted from
radio station owners seeking to impose order on the use of the airwaves
the effect of the 26th amendment, which enfranchised 18-20 year olds was to
reduce the national voter turnout rate.
Lobbying through the internet
reduces the costs of contacting supporters
in the 2000 election, the candidacy of Ralph Nader
resulted in a loss of support for the democratic candidate Al, Gore.
An individual's _____ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income.
socioeconomic
When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest is an exampleof
sociotropic responses
When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest it is an example of?
sociotropic responses.
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show and The View is called
soft news
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called...
soft news.
general entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as the Daily Show, the Today Show, and the View is called.
soft news.
according to the text, violent unconventional political participation is
sometimes worth the risk.
A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a
stable
A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a _____ distribution.
stable
A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a ______ distribution.
stable
a distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a
stable
which of the following statements is most accurate?
the media in the US have played an important role in advancing equality.
after a 2012 election, which of the following received the lowest rating from Americans?
the media.
one of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two-party system in the US lies in its use of
the presidency is a big enough political prize to induce parties to harbor uncomfortable coalitions of voters just to win the electoral vote and the presidential election.
Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that...
the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.
public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that
the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.
voters favor one-party control of the presidency and the congress when
their party is in control.
with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20% of the American population is
unaffiliated
to maintain order, the gov. has a stake in converting __ wherever possible.
unconventional participation into conventional participation.
The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to
vote
the text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to
vote.
the majoritarian model of democracy favors
voting as the primary means of participation.
compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the US
was among the first.
A distinguishing fact about the Republican Party is that it
was founded to combat slavery
When journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in argument, this is called...
watchdog journalism.
how does education affect voter turnout?
well-educated people are more likely to vote than are their less-educated counterparts.
the people's party (populist) could at least brag hat it was the first third party since 1860 to
win any electoral votes.
One difference between media habits of men and women is that
women are more likely to get their news from television
in his first fun for presidency, Andrew JAckson
won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the house of Representatives.
Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample?
year sample is taken
A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.
54
Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.
90%
Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that...
broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.
Counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers...
is up overall.
Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of...
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.
People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as...
libertarian.
___ percent surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like the Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or SNL
30%
in 2009, how many of the House Democrats voted against reforming health care, president Obama's most important policy initiative?
39.
Historians estimate that _____ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.
40
historians estimate that ___ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.
40
the typical procedure for initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of __ of the number of registered voters in a state.
5 to 10 percent.
A sample of 600 randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)
5% points
about ___ of all Americans adopt their parent' party.
50 percent.
A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.
54
A January 2014 poll showed that _____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illness they might have.
54
In a 2014 Gallup poll __ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.
54
In a 2014 Gallup poll, _____ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.
54
a January 2014 poll showed that ___ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illness they may have.
54
According to the 2012 American National Election Study (ANES), about ____ percent of Americans believe the government should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances.
61
according to the 2012 American National Election Study, about ___ percent of Americans believe the gov. should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances
61`
Although white Americans do not know what it is like to be black, _____ of whites report being satisfied with society's treatment of blacks.
67%
despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, ___ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.
90%
Criticism of modern journalism centers on its
Airing of biased views, which tends to polarize politics
_____ are group leaders who follow news in specific areas
Attentive policy elites.
early TV network news programs focused their evening news on an
"anchorman"
With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20 percent of the American population is
"unaffiliated"
With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 23 percent of the American population is...
"unaffiliated."
if voter turnout was computed on the basis o registered voters, about ___ of American s vote.
80 percent.
The predictions of the Gallup Poll for nineteen presidential elections since 1936 have been deviated from actual voting results by less than ___ percentage point(s).
1
A typical Gallup national poll surveys approximately _______ individuals.
1,500
a typical gallup national poll surveys approx. ___ individuals
1,500
the __ amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote " on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
15th
the best the Socialist party has ever done in America was to capture 6 percent of the vote in the election of
1912
women were granted universal suffrage in
1920.
Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the
1950s
Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the...
1950s.
The Internet was started in...
1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense.
Microphones and cameras were banned from Congressional chambers until _____ when the House permitted live coverage.
1979
In what year did the FCC repeal the Fairness Doctrine
1987
the amendment granting women's suffrage is the
19th amendment.
In 2010, the largest circulation by a daily paper in America was about
2 million copies
As some historians estimate, _____ percent of Americans opposed the Revolution in July 1776.
20
according to a 2013 poll, ___ percent of Americans think the political parties do an adequate job representing the American people.
24
the amendment lowering the voting age to 18 is the
26th.
Women are more likely to favor going to war
A statement concerning gender and political beliefs that is incorrect is
___ was the first candidate elected as a republican?
Abraham Lincoln
True
African Americans tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than whites
which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties?
Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones.
Leaders who follow news in specific policy areas
Attentive Policy Elites
Content analysis of the 2012 presidential campaign, suggests that more "good press" focused on...
Barack Obama.
A form of newsletter, journal, or "log" of thoughts for public reading, usually devoted to social or po9litical issues and often updated daily
Blog
High levels of knowledge and an interest in public affairs are likely characteristics of
Both conservatives and liberals, with equal probability
The reasonable access rule requires
Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues
A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is
China
Political socialization
Continues throughout life
black Americans shifted significantly to the democratic party n the 1960s largely in response to
Democratic party support for civil rights legislation.
the __ party is probably the oldest political party in existence.
Democratic.
An independent federal agency that regulates interstate and international communication by radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable, and satellite
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The _________ prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.
First Amendment
the __ Amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.
First.
One of the nation's oldest polls, the __________, was started in the 1930s, and was most notably wrong in 1948 when it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the Republican candidate, would defeat the Democratic incumbent, Harry Truman in the presidential election.
Gallup Poll
one of the nation's oldest polls, the ___ , was started n the 1930s and was most notably wrong in 1948 when it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the republican candidate, would defeat the democratic, Harry Truman in the Presidential election.
Gallup Poll
Media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who direct the flow of news
Gatekeepers
False (Hispanics are the most hindered, slows down their ability to mobilize)
Hispanics tend to mobilize and gain political office at higher rates than any other minority group
Election coverage by the mass media that focuses on which candidate is ahead rather than on national issues
Horse Race Journalism
The Framers guessed that the __________ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and government spending.
House of Representatives
the framers guessed that the ____ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and gov. spending.
House of Reprsentatives
The current debate about "net neutrality" concerns whether
ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.
the current debate about " net neutrality" concerns whether
ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.
Middle class
In the U.S., the vast majority of citizens regarded themselves as
Which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect?
Latinos are a racial group.
which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect
Latinos are a racial group.
the two ideological protest parties that together managed just over 1 percent of the vote in the 2012 presidential race were the __ party and the ___ party.
Libertarian; Green.
citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the ___ phenomenon.
NIMBY.
lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ____ model more difficult to sustain
Majoritarian.
Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?
Many people identify as "moderate" because they do not understand the alternatives.
Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?
Many people identify as "moderate"because they do not understand the alternatives.
The means employed in mass communication; traditionally divided into print media and broadcast media
Mass Media
A situation that is so "newsworthy" that the mass media are compelled to cover it
Media Event
true
Men are less likely to favor increased spending on social programs
True
Men are more likely to favor the death penalty
Set the political agenda
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to ______________________.
The degree to which a news story is important enough to be covered in the mass media
Newsworthiness
___ championed the direct primary.
Progressives.
In the current American context, a liberal would tend to
Promote economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom of social order
In a democracy, the mass media perform the function of
Promoting communication between government and citizens
The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as
Public Opinion
__ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen republican candidates for president do very well in the south.
Richard Nixon.
Congressman ___ was the 1988 Libertarian Party presidential candidate. he was elected to congress as a republican in 1996, where he served until 2013.
Ron Paul.
which president portrayed the democratic as big spenders, but his administration spent more than $1 trillion for defense?
Ronald Reagan.
____, candidate for president in 1992, ran as an independent and won 19 percent of the popular vote.
Ross Perot.
the __ is not a national political party because it does not nominate its own candidates.
Tea Party.
The belief that television is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs
Television Hypothesis
which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America?
The Boston Tea Party.
The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating
The House of Representatives
False (it relaxed the rules)
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 tightened the rules governing media coverage
the country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in congressional elections is
The US.
According to the text, the "television hypothesis" is
The belief that television is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs
True
The media in the U.S. have played an important role in advancing equality
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality.
true
The poor tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than the affluent
Political socialization
The process whereby an individual acquires political opinions, learns political facts, and develops political values is called
False (First amendment)
The second amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press
_________ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials.
The two-step flow of communication
Which president first provided space in the White House for reporters?
Theodore Roosevelt
which president first provided space in the White house for reporters?
Theodore Roosevelt.
true
There is substantial evidence that public opinion responds to the actions of government officials, and especially to the actions of the president. This tendency seems to violate the majoritarian model of democracy, in which leaders are supposed to respond to citizens.
How do the mass media influence the socialization process?
They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.
How the mass media influences the socialization process is that
They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.
the early republicans were led by
Thomas Jefferson
Family, school, and community
Three of the five agents of early socialization in the United States (or what influences shape political socialization) are
Education, income, and region
Three of the six socioeconomic groups or categories that can potentially have an effect on a person's political values are
Much like newspaper circulation, news magazine circulation has declined in recent years. Today, only ________ magazine enjoys big circulation numbers.
Time
The process in which a few policy elites gather information and then inform their more numerous followers, mobilizing them to apply pressure to government
Two-step Flow of Communication
which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through
US.
true
Women are more likely to favor affirmative action
Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?
Women are more likely to favor death penalty
Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?
Women are more likely to favor death penalty.
Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?
Women are more likely to favor going to war.
True
Women are more likely to favor government action to promote equality
true
Women tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than men
Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample?
Year sample is taken
True
Younger persons tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than older persons
________ is an attempt to increase ratings through a process involving both reporting news and running commercials geared to a target audience. a. Market-driven journalism b. Watchdog journalism c. Pack journalism d. Horse race journalism
a. Market-driven journalism
Some of the most common sources for news online are primarily from news ________ , which collect and post stories from other news sources, such as Google News, or websites associated with print or television news organizations, such as the New York Times or CNN. a. aggregators b. journalists c. gatekeepers d. watchdogs
a. aggregators
What term is used by the media to describe an important event that has happened within the past twenty-four hours? a. hard news b. aggregate news c. coast-to-coast news d. primacy news
a. hard news
What is the main criterion used when judging whether a story can be considered newsworthy? a. its audience appeal b. its global impact c. its accuracy and objectivity d. its partisan viewpoint
a. its audience appeal
In evaluating the media and its effect on government, the text concludes that contemporary mass media a. resist government attempts to infringe on freedom of the press to promote order. b. support government censorship for the public good. c. have done little to advance equality. d. discourage disadvantaged groups from speaking out.
a. resist government attempts to infringe on freedom of the press to promote order.
Which area of the mass media has no gatekeepers and therefore no checks, constraints, or standards affecting its content? a. the Internet b. the film industry c. the magazine publishing industry d. the radio business
a. the Internet
In 2012, the daily paper with the largest circulation was a. the Wall Street Journal. b. USA Today. c. the Chicago Tribune. d. the New York Times.
a. the Wall Street Journal.
a 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security, ____ Americans favor gov. censorship.
about a third of.
when excluding horserace stories, media coverage of Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential campaign, compared to coverage of Obama, was
about the same.
News reporters who practice watchdog journalism tend to a. champion their own political beliefs while criticizing other media outlets that disagree. b. be highly critical of inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in arguments posed by politicians. c. bias the news simply by covering some stories and not others. d. view the news media and the government as partners.
b. be highly critical of inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in arguments posed by politicians.
Which current trend increases the risk that a few powerful individuals could control the news flow to promote their own political interests, the same way political parties influenced the content of early American newspapers? a. going public b. concentrated ownership c. two-step flow of communication d. attentive policy elitism
b. concentrated ownership
The broadcast media in the United States are a. not regulated by any government agency. b. privately owned, except for public TV and radio stations. c. publicly owned by the federal government. d. no longer owned by corporate conglomerates.
b. privately owned, except for public TV and radio stations.
Of the four main functions of mass media in its coverage of the political system, which one do scholars believe gives the media their greatest influence on politics? a. socializing citizens about politics b. setting the political agenda c. interpreting the news d. reporting the news
b. setting the political agenda
For years, the broadcast media only were federally regulated under three rules that promoted the public interest. Which one was repealed in 1987, freeing broadcasters to air more controversial and ideological viewpoints? a. the equal time rule b. the fairness doctrine c. the reasonable access rule d. the equal opportunities rule
b. the fairness doctrine
The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the
backfire effect
The fact the ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the
backfire effect
the fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the
backfire effect
The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the...
backfire effect.
The country with the highest voter turnout among eligible voters in national elections is
belgium
Timothy McVeigh bombed the Oklahoma City Federal building because he
believed the US gov. had become a police state.
advocates of dropping FCC content regulations believe that
broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.
The reasonable access rule required
broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.
The fairness doctrine required...
broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.
The reasonable access rule required
broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues.
a recent example of popular music conveying a political message is "Born this way: by Lady Gaga, which focuses on
bullying.
in the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote
business and gov. policy ahead of social order.
Available evidence, including an analysis of network coverage and a survey of journalists, seems to confirm that ________ exist among reporters in the major news media. a. right-wing biases b. racial prejudices c. liberal leanings d. totally neutral viewpoints
c. liberal leanings
All of the following are TRUE regarding the presence of the Internet in media EXCEPT a. the Internet has given way for most television and radio news programs to have websites that include text and public commentary. b. the Internet has made the distinction between print and broadcast media problematic. c. the Internet has made it more difficult for other media outlets to communicate their message. d. the interactivity of the Internet has made two-way flows of information between citizens and government possible.
c. the Internet has made it more difficult for other media outlets to communicate their message.
the first nomination process for two opposing candidates for the presidency was conducted in 1800 by
congressional caucuses.
Most news printed about Congress comes from
congressional press releases and prepared reports
Most news printed about Congress comes from...
congressional press releases and prepared reports.
most news printed about Congress comes from
congressional press releases and prepared reports.
Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media.
conservative leanings
available evidence seems to indicate that there are _____ among editors and owners of the major news media.
conservative leanings.
In the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was...
considered neutral in tone.
An important series of 2003 surveys about perceptions of the Iraq war found that the most misperceptions and misunderstandings about the war were held by people who relied on ________ for their news. a. daily metropolitan newspapers b. public broadcasting c. public radio d. commercial television networks
d. commercial television networks
Which process is demonstrated when media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters direct the flow of news, deciding which events to report and how to handle the elements involved, while also upholding journalistic standards? a. horse race journalism b. protecting the source c. agenda setting d. gatekeeping
d. gatekeeping
Research on bias in the media suggests that today's political leaders increasingly a. hold open press conferences to reach the widest and most diverse audiences possible. b. avoid contact with the mainstream media and especially the major networks. c. attempt to defuse opinionated journalism and discourage partisan commentary. d. go to ideologically friendly media outlets to criticize the rest of the media.
d. go to ideologically friendly media outlets to criticize the rest of the media.
Election coverage by the mass media often focuses on which candidate is ahead and which has raised the most money, rather than the candidates' opinions on key issues. What concept does this represent? a. pack journalism b. money blurt journalism c. trial balloon journalism d. horse race journalism
d. horse race journalism
A media event is a situation that a. is controlled by powerful gatekeepers and agenda setters. b. is a symbol of a larger social problem or humanitarian issue. c. is more entertainment and fluff than real news. d. is too newsworthy for the mass media to pass up.
d. is too newsworthy for the mass media to pass up.
People who support "net neutrality" argue that Internet users a. should pay more if they consume a larger amount of bandwidth. b. should be prevented from accessing certain controversial sites by the government. c. should be registered with and monitored by a federal agency. d. should not be restricted by providers in their online use or website access.
d. should not be restricted by providers in their online use or website access.
Which news medium stands apart from the others, since it appears to be dominated by conservative political views? a. Internet blogs b. daily newspapers c. cable television d. talk radio
d. talk radio
the __ party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, though the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment.
democratic.
In a 2012 election survey, respondents were asked whether abortion should be outlawed by government or a matter of personal choice, and whether government should guarantee people a job and a good standard of living or people should get ahead on their own. People's responses to the two questions
demonstrated that these value choices cannot be explained by a one-dimensional liberal-conservative continuum.
Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry
dependent on advertising revenues
private ownership of the media in the US makes the American news industry
dependent on advertising revenues
Federalism in the electoral system refers to
difference between national election trends and trends in states.
unconventional political participation involving assembling crowds to confront businesses and local gov. is known as
direct action.
the purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to
discourage African Americans from voting.
Regarding the Internet, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC
does not have jurisdiction to regulate Internet content.
regarding the internet, the federal Communications Commission FCC
does not have jurisdiction to regulate internet content.
Crime rates have fallen in every major category (rape, burglary, robbery, assault, and murder) since the 1980s, but as one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________."
economically driven
crime rates fell in every major category from the 1980s until very recently, but as one journalist said, " crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's___
economically driven.
the standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to
education, income,and occupation.
of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, ___ is the strongest single factor.
education.
A 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to __________ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of __________.
election coverage; foreign affairs
a 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to ___ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of ___.
election coverage; foreign affairs.
The__________ required any broadcast station that gave or sold time to a candidate for a public office to make an equal amount of time available under the same conditions to all other candidates for that office.
equal opportunities rule
the political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student's education includes
exposure to third parties.
The now-abolished __________ obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.
fairness doctrine
the now-abolished____ obligated broadcasters to discuss issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.
fairness doctrine.
For most people, the first agent of political socialization is
family
The first newspapers in the United States were
financed by political parties that advocated party causes
The first newspapers in the United States were...
financed by political parties that advocated party causes.
the first newspapers in the US were
financed by political parties that advocated party causes.
A sample of six hundred randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)
five percentage points
In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote
for Republican candidates
In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote...
for Republican candidates.
in the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote
for republican candidates.
A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values
freedom over order
A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values.
freedom over order.
a respondent who agrees with the statement "By law, a woman should be ale to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values
freedom over order.
As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose...
freedom over social order.
as a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose
freedom over social order.
content analysis of the 2012 party convention platforms found that Republicans were more likely to mention the word ___ whereas democrats were more likely to mention the word __.
freedom; equality.
Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over ________.
freedom; order or equality
individuals with higher education and income tend to favor __ over __
freedom; order or equality
Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over_____.
freedom; order or equality.
The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as
gatekeepers
Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent year, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving
gay rights
Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent years, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving...
gay rights.
Who complained that there was not "a dime's worth of difference" between the Democrats and the Republicans?
george wallace
which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?
government should do what a majority of the public wants.
Communication in a democracy must move from government to citizens and from citizens to...
government.
Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowed the voting age to 18, because they
hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.
During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as
horse race journalism
During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to the candidate who is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering the issues, is known as...
horse race journalism.
during a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to coverage of which candidate is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering 'issues, is known as
horse race journalism.
One major influence of political blogs on American politics is
impacting the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media."
The text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to...
impose order on the use of the airwaves.
The Internet was started
in 1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense
the internet was started
in 1969, with support from the US Department of Defense.
voting in the US decreased during the 1970s and 80s. other forms of participation
increased or remained stable.
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is called...
infotainment.
To stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have __________ their online content, with varying degrees of success...
instituted paywalls for
to stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have ____ their online content, with varying degrees of success.
instituted paywalls for
what most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Manufacturers is that
interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives.
Disturbance theory suggests that
interest groups will naturally form when the need arises
The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television
is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.
The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television...
is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.
the "television hypothesis" is the belief that television
is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.
counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers
is up overall.
If a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ____ as a way to define the topic of taxes...
issue framing
characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are
low education, low income, and being relatively young.
in 19 presidential elections since 1936, gallup polls have been deviated from actual results by
lss than 1.0 percent point.
in Oregon, everyone votes by
mail.
Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain
majoritarian
Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model more difficult to sustain.
majoritarian
Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain.
majoritarian
According to the __, political parties are essential in making gov. responsive to public opinion.
majoritarian model of democracy.
which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?
many people identify as "moderates" because they do not understand the alternatives.
A feature story that is aired to a targeted listening audience by a media source that supports a specific advertiser of the network is an example of
market-driven journalism
during the Jacksonian era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters , and one response was using ___ to select presidential candidates.
national conventions.
A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.
nearly half
A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _____ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.
nearly half.
according to the text, Americans were ___ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952.
neither more nor less.
Until the early 1960s, most Americans cited __________ as the source from which they got most of their news
newspapers
in response to financial stress, some suggested that newspapers operate as ____, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps gov. support.
nonprofits.
When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales ("liberal," "moderate," or "conservative"), the data plotted on a graph is a(n) _____ distribution...
normal
A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a
normal distribution
When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales ("liberal," "moderate," or "conservative"), the data plotted on a graph is a(n)
normal distribution
The phrase "off the record" means that media are...
not allowed to print the information.
where in the Constitution are political parties discussed?
nowhere.
according to the text, if the criterion is ___, America has the best and most democratic gov. in the world.
number of elections held.
surveys show today that approx. ___ of the American population today think that the US needs a third party.
one-half.
when elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of ___; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach
order;equality
When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.
order; equality
The term __________ refers to the tendency of journalists to adopt similar viewpoints toward news simply because they hang around together.
pack journalism
As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of _________.
patriotic ritual; good citizenship
as students move from elementary school, to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ___ to development of _____.
patriotic ritual;good citizenship.
As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of...
patriotic ritual; good citizenship.
the ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best described as a part of ___ theory.
pluralist.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system?
polarizing the news
which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?
property ownership.
according to the text, with respect to political participation, "__ is the great equalizer".
protest.
In the United States today, the mass media
provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government.
In the united states today, the mass media
provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government.
The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college especially if professors encourage students to...
question authority.
The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student's education includes
questioning established values
Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about
racial politics and social issues
the republican party was established in response to the issue of
slavery.
The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was...
radio.
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until the 1830s when publishers realized they could...
raise revenue through advertising.
The accuracy of the population sample used for public opinion polls depends on
randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population
the accuracy of the population sample used for the public opinion polls depends on
randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population,
Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and legos to
recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that avoid censors.
In response to government control of the news flow in China, Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to...
recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that will avoid censors.
The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to...
reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.
The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to
reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of actuality
the fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, the reasonable access rule are all rules under which FCC has
regulate broadcast media content.
The fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, and the reasonable access rule are all ways the FCC has...
regulated broadcast media content.
The main focus of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to...
relax the rules governing media ownership.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
relaxed the rules governing media ownership
the telecommunications Act of 1996
relaxed the rules governing media ownership.
the 12 amendment
required the electoral college to vote separately for president and VP.
newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to
resort to negative or positive spin on the news.
the text suggests that the early days of radio, owners sought gov. regulation of the airwaves to
restrict others' freedom to enter broadcasting and compete.
Opinion polling involves interviewing a small number of people to measure public sentiment. This small number is called a
sample
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to
set the political agenda
Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to...
set the political agenda.
most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is ability to
set the political agenda.
if someone formed the "second amendment party" a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a __ party.
single-issue.
When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
skewed
when Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scale, the data plotted on the graph is a
skewed distrubution
since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become
skewed toward conservatism
Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become...
skewed toward conservatism.
When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...
skewed.
when sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
skewed.
The courts usually strike down government attempts to restrain the press from disseminating information, reports, or opinions it finds newsworthy, one notable exception concerns...
strategic information during wartime.
the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an an example of
successful unconventional political participation.
___ is political action that expresses allegiance to country and gov.
supportive behavior.
_______ are actions that express allegiance to country and our government especially in terms of crisis.
supportive behaviors
Today, the mass media conduct most polls by
telephone
today, the mass media conduct most polls by
telephone.
currently, __ is (are) most Americans' primary news source
television.
presence of multiple political parties
tends to split opposition to a dominant regime and help it maintain power.
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until
the 1830s
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until
the 1830s.
the ___ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention.
the Anti-Masonic Party
which event helped shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century?
the Civil War.
a critical event that helped end the republican Party;s domination of national politics in the 1920s was
the Great Depression.
The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating...
the House of Representatives.
So far, the only major paper with a long-standing successful practice of charging its online readers for content is
the Wall Street Journal
According to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's (such as Donald Trump's) Twitter activity,...
the better he/she will do.
Mass media refers to...
the means of communicating to audiences.
The basic definition of public opinion is
the collective attitude of citizens on a given issue or question.
The basic definition of public opinion is
the collective attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question.
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when
the community is homogeneous
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when...
the community is homogeneous.
pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest whe
the community is homogeneous.
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or view is strongest when
the community is homogenous
The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on...
the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.
the extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on
the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.
by law, the US presidential election occurs
the first Tuesday after the first monday in november.
in nearly every other democratic country, the burden of registration is placed on
the government.
the era of Good Feelings was characterized by
the lack of party competition.
The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on _________ to help them determine which news is real and important.
the mainstream media
The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on ___ to help them determine which news is real and important.
the mainstream media.
Content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on
the president
The televised presidential news conference has developed into an event in which
the president and other high-level officials deliver carefully rehearsed answers to anticipated questions
content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on
the president.
the reasonable access rule required
the press to refrain from publishing strategic information during wartime.
Most democratic nations use
the proportional representation system
one critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of gov.
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that...
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government.
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on the daily issues of government
The text points out that one of the reasons the United States has such low voter turnout is
the requirement of voters to register to vote.
the framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to
the states.
Today, the mass media conduct many polls using...
the telephone.
___ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials
the two-step flow of communication.
Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that
the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer
political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because
they are biased toward institutionalized, or conventional , politics, and it's easier to collect data on conventional practices.
studies of Americans who engage in "contacting behavior" like complaining to city hall find
they are not more likely to vote than other Americans.
one recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that
they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.
While most of the mass media in the U.S. is privately owned,...
they do not operate free of government regulation.
how do the mass media influence the socialization process?
they play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.
The early Republicans (also known as Democratic-Republicans) were led by
thomas jefferson
the American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of
those with greater resources.
A sample of one thousand randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus) _____ percentage points.
three
The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is
to reflect the view of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy
the goal of the statistical theory of samplingis
to reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ____ model of partnership
transmission
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.
transmission
Learning the political party identification from parents is known as the _______ model of partisanship.
transmission
Officials send out __________ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders
trial balloons
officials send out ___ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders.
trial balloons.
In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.
nonprofits
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, competition for readers among the big-city dailies grew so fierce, that publishers started entertaining them with all of the following EXCEPT...
objective news stories.
The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as...
public opinion.
Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to...
resort to negative or positive spin on the news.
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.
transmission
