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A strategy whereby a president seeks to influence policy elites and media coverage by appealing directly to the American people

Going Public

Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

Government should do what a majority of the public wants

Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

Government should do what a majority of the public wants.

A mix of information and diversion oriented to personalities or celebrities, not linked to the day's events, and usually unrelated to public affairs or policy; often called "soft news"

Infotainment

who was the leader of the federalists?

Alexander Hamilton.

Research on the impact of soft news finds it

All of the above are true

A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is...

China.

a country where he gov. heavily censors internet news and search engines is

China.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion?

Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters

According to the text, which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion?

Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked by pollsters.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion?

Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked bypollsters.

Mass media; print and broadcast media

Is the means employed in mass communication, and is divided into two types: _____________ and _____________ media

the last candidate for president elected without party competition was

James Monroe

Political ideology

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

__________ percent of surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or Saturday Night Live.

Thirty percent

Journalism that scrutinizes public and business institutions and publicizes perceived misconduct

Watchdog Journalism

in the discipline of political science, party identification refers to

a sense of psychological attachment to a party.

A media event is

a situation that is too newsworthy for the media to ignore.

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison advocated

a system that would inherently control the effects of factions

About _______ of immigrants in America are undocumented.​

a third

about __ of immigrants in America are undocumented.

a third.

the democratic party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to

a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of Robert Kennedy and emphasizing opposition to the Vietnam War.

women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are

about the same.

As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.

adult peer groups and the mass media

as parental and school influences wane in adulthood, ____ emerge as more important socialization agents

adult peer groups and the mass media.

In Congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists.

age gap

when the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in

agenda Setting.

When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in

agenda setting

When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in...

agenda setting.

When all media outlets are covering the same story and virtually every other issue gets ignored, the media is said to be operating in _____ mode.

alarm

during the Vietnam War, protesting students on college campuses

all the above are true.

suppose the US abolished political parties. Voters would then

all the choices are true.

research on the impact of soft news finds it

all these choices are true.

​Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on _____ as a way to inspire trust in viewers.

an "anchorman"

The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to

anonymously quote material without identifying the source

The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to...

anonymously quote material without identifying the source.

the phrase " on background" means that media are permitted to

anonymously quote material without identifying the source.

it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by an ___ among journalists.

anti-incumbent bias.

The five members of the Federal Communications Commission

are appointed by the president

The opportunities for genuine two-way flows of information between citizens and government

are being made possible by the Internet

The Children's Defense Fund and the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities

are citizen groups

The phrase "off the record" means that media

are not allowed to print the information

the phrase "off the record" means that media

are not allowed to print the information.

In general today, women politically participate

at about the same rate as men.

most democratic theorists agree that a modern nation-state cannot practice democracy without

at least two political parties regularly contesting elections.

Group leaders who follow news in specific areas are called _____ policy elites.

attentive

The free-rider problem increases the difficulty of

attracting paying members

A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

bimodal

a polling company surveying public opinion on obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

bimodal

A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...

bimodal.

elections, as an institutional mechanism,

bolster the power and authority of the state.

In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote

both order and equality over freedom

In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote...

both order and equality over freedom.

in the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote

both order and equality over freedom.

Young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parents' religions when

both parents follow the same religion

young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parent's religions when

both parents follow the same religion.

Parental influence on party identification is greater when...

both parents strongly identify with the same party

Children are likely to adopt their parents' party identification when

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

children are likely to adopt their parent's party identification when

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry...

dependent on advertising revenues.

Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.

cell phones

​Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their sampling, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.

cell phones

recently, media outlets have started including ____ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.

cellphones

Through the transmission model of partisanship, party identification is passed on to...

children.

According ​to the self-interest principle, ​people tend to

choose what benefits them personally

According to the self-interest principle, people tend to

choose what benefits them personally.

According ​to the self-interest principle, ​people tend to...

choose what benefits them personally.

according to the self-interest principle, people tend to

choose what benefits them personally.

a practical test whether or not a government is democratic is whether

citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.

a legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances i also known as a

class action suit.

The process of transmitting information from one individual to another is called...

communication.

****What conclusion can be made about support for the death penalty in the United States?

NOT MODESTLY OR OCCASIONALLY

****Theodore Roosevelt's joining with the Progressive Party in 1912 could be considered an example of the formation of a

NOT farmer-labor party OR party of ideological protest

****Direct action includes

NOT legislatures passing laws in response to public demands

A list of issues that need government attention

Political Agenda

the ___ Party was an agrarian "free-silver" party that was attractive in part because it was seen as a response to the depression of 1896.

Populist.

The first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the...

President.

Public opinion

Refers to the collective attitudes of citizens concerning a given issue or question

during the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the __ party

Republican.

the text uses the examples of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush to make the point that, with respect to gov. spending,

Republicans don't hesitate to spend large sums on federal programs that suit their ideology.

since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?

Zero.

The equal opportunities rule did not allow

a TV station to accept advertising only from the owner's favorite candidates

General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs

Soft News

the term solid south refers to the

South's consistent democratic voting record for much of the 20th century.

Which of the following accurately characterizes presidential poll results?

Survey results can be prone to random error because interviewers receive superficial responses.

The 2015 terrorist attacks on the offices of Charlie Hebdo in France sparked a worldwide debate about the importance of...

a free press.

in the early days of America, the president was chosen by

a group of political elites in the Electoral college .

More and more, cable news seems analogous to

early partisan newspapers

More and more, cable news channels like MSNBC and Fox News seem analogous to...

early partisan newspapers.

more and more, cable news seems analogous to

early partisan newspapers.

according to a 2012 survey in your text, which of the following individuals is most likely to identify as a republican?

earning between $75,000 to $99,000, college degree, male, age 42-53.

In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote

economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order

In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote...

economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order.

Local television covers crime more than any other topic. As one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________ driven."

economically

according to Edmund Burke, the reason people unite in parties is to

enact a set of policies.

a 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to

enforce new voter identification laws.

Generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is

family

generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is

family

The major agents of early political socialization are

family, school, community, and peers

The major agents of early socialization in the United States are

family, school, community, and peers

The major agents of early socialization in the United States are...

family, school, community, and peers.

the major agents of early socialization in the united states are

family, school, community, and peers.

For most people, the first agent of political socialization is...

family.

The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as...

gatekeepers.

the media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

gatekeepers.

George Washington, generally considered sympathetic to the Federalists Party, felt that political factions

had negative effects on democracy,

The Gallup Poll, one of the nation's oldest, was notably wrong in 1948 when it picked Rebublican Thomas Dewey to defeat

harry truman

Since 2009, most prominent weekly news magazines

have declined in recent years as much as newspaper circulation has declined

one criterion that me met for a country to be democratic is that it must

have more than one political party.

A voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political party labels to make a decision. This type of mental shortcut which requires hardly any information is called...

heuristics.

A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of

high income and high education

A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of...

high income and high education.

a libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of

high income and high education.

The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to

identify more with the Democratic Party than men do

The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to

identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.

The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to...

identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.

the contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to

identify more with the democratic party than men do.

im missing a couple more but ive worked on this for two hours so

if its not on this quizlet its probably on another one somewhere lol go find it

reaction to a film posted on Youtube made by an Egyptian-American that mocked the muslim prophet Muhammad is an example of the influence of new media platforms; that they

impact the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media".

The Federal Communications Commission is a(n) _____ that is insulated from political control by the Congress or president.

independent regulatory commission

Americans contributing money to a candidate's campaign is best defined as a form of

influencing behavior.

a story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

infortainment.

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

infotainment

political party platforms probably matter most to

intraparty factions at party conventions.

Research on the impact of soft news finds all of the following EXCEPT...

it can decrease people's levels of political knowledge.

A major drawback with relying upon direct mail to attract members is that

it has a low rate of return

Evidence suggests that lower-income, lower-educated Americans learn more from news when

it includes information on the historical and factual background of issues.

The Whig Party was formed to oppose

jackson's democrats

Americans are less likely to ____ than citizens of other countries.

join demonstrations.

The AFL-CIO represents

labor unions

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of

lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.

A sample size that is _____ will more accurately represent the population.

larger

research indicates that one important reason for the decline of third-party voting starting in the 1930s may be

leftward drift of the democratic party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties.

in 2012 and 2013, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Colorado and Washington that

legalized marijuana.

Most referenda are placed on the ballot by

legislature

mot referenda are placed on the ballot by

legislatures.

In nineteen presidential elections since 1936, Gallup polls have deviated from actual ​results by

less than 1.0 percentage points

African-Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to have _______ policy preferences on abortion.

liberal

Today, Americans aged 17-24 are much more __________ than the general public.

liberal

Today, college students are much more __________ than the general public.

liberal

today, college students are much more ____ than the general public

liberal

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters.

liberal leanings

available evidence seems to indicate that there are ___ among journalists and reporters.

liberal leanings.

People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as

libertarian

because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to

limit individual freedom.

The most commonly used source for news in America is...

local news shows on television.

Surveys conducted over the Internet have been criticized because they...

may not be representative of the whole nation.

the most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as

mode

The most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as the...

mode.

A fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, has been termed a...

money blurt.

In 2009, Representative Alan Grayson described on C-SPAN the Republican health-care plan as "stay healthy or die quickly" and swiftly raised over $150,000 from one website alone. The phenomenon of a fiery quote generating fundraising is known as

money blurt.

psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if

more Americans believe that gov. is responsive.

some research indicates that people who watch partisan news become

more extreme in their politics.

researchers have found that political apathy is ___ in the US compared to almost all other nations.

much lower.

until the early 1960s, most Americans cited ___ as the source from which they got most of their news.

newspapers.

a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a

normal distribution

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a...

normal distribution.

Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of...

order.

representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of

order.

someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain

order.

When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.

order; equality

In 2016, Beyoncé made headlines with her single "Formation," which conveyed a political commentary on the recent...

police shootings.

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

political ideology

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called...

political ideology.

the set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of gov. is called

political ideology.

the text defines ___ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support gov. and politics.

political participation.

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms poliltical values is called

political socialization

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

political socialization

the process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

political socialization

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called...

political socialization.

a direct primary is a

preliminary election to choose party candidates.

the first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the

president

in Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found ___ is are unconstitutional,

preventing blacks from voting in primary elections.

The ______________ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.

primacy

the _____ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.

primacy`

The ______ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.

primacy​

The traditional division of mass media into _________ has been made problematic by the Internet.

print and broadcast

the traditional division of mass media into ___ has become made problematic by the

print and broadcast.

the shortlived ____ party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried on La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925.

progressive.

The extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on

prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive

the extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on

prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive.

Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about...

racial politics and social issues.

Edward R. Murrow earned his fame via _____ as he broadcast news of German air raids on London.

radio

The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was

radio

the first media technology to make broadcast journalist into household names was

radio

Early regulation of broadcast media in the United States resulted from

radio station owners seeking to impose order on the use of the airwaves

the effect of the 26th amendment, which enfranchised 18-20 year olds was to

reduce the national voter turnout rate.

Lobbying through the internet

reduces the costs of contacting supporters

in the 2000 election, the candidacy of Ralph Nader

resulted in a loss of support for the democratic candidate Al, Gore.

An individual's _____ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income.

socioeconomic

When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest is an exampleof

sociotropic responses

When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest it is an example of?

sociotropic responses.

General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show and The View is called

soft news

General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called...

soft news.

general entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as the Daily Show, the Today Show, and the View is called.

soft news.

according to the text, violent unconventional political participation is

sometimes worth the risk.

A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a

stable

A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a _____ distribution.​

stable

A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a ______ distribution.

stable

a distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a

stable

which of the following statements is most accurate?

the media in the US have played an important role in advancing equality.

after a 2012 election, which of the following received the lowest rating from Americans?

the media.

one of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two-party system in the US lies in its use of

the presidency is a big enough political prize to induce parties to harbor uncomfortable coalitions of voters just to win the electoral vote and the presidential election.

Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that...

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

voters favor one-party control of the presidency and the congress when

their party is in control.

with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20% of the American population is

unaffiliated

to maintain order, the gov. has a stake in converting __ wherever possible.

unconventional participation into conventional participation.

The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to

vote

the text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to

vote.

the majoritarian model of democracy favors

voting as the primary means of participation.

compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the US

was among the first.

A distinguishing fact about the Republican Party is that it

was founded to combat slavery

When journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in argument, this is called...

watchdog journalism.

how does education affect voter turnout?

well-educated people are more likely to vote than are their less-educated counterparts.

the people's party (populist) could at least brag hat it was the first third party since 1860 to

win any electoral votes.

One difference between media habits of men and women is that

women are more likely to get their news from television

in his first fun for presidency, Andrew JAckson

won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the house of Representatives.

Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample?

year sample is taken

A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.​

​54

Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.

​90%

Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that​...

​broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.

Counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers​...

​is up overall.

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of...

​lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.

People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as...

​libertarian.

___ percent surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like the Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or SNL

30%

in 2009, how many of the House Democrats voted against reforming health care, president Obama's most important policy initiative?

39.

Historians estimate that _____ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.

40

historians estimate that ___ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.

40

the typical procedure for initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of __ of the number of registered voters in a state.

5 to 10 percent.

A sample of 600 randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)

5% points

about ___ of all Americans adopt their parent' party.

50 percent.

A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.​

54

A January 2014 poll showed that _____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illness they might have.

54

In a 2014 Gallup poll __ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.

54

In a 2014 Gallup poll, _____ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.

54

a January 2014 poll showed that ___ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illness they may have.

54

According to the 2012 American National Election Study (ANES), about ____ percent of Americans believe the government should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances.

61

according to the 2012 American National Election Study, about ___ percent of Americans believe the gov. should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances

61`

Although ​white Americans do not know what it is like to be black, _____ of whites report being satisfied with society's treatment of blacks.

67%

despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, ___ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.

90%

Criticism of modern journalism centers on its

Airing of biased views, which tends to polarize politics

_____ are group leaders who follow news in specific areas

Attentive policy elites.

early TV network news programs focused their evening news on an

"anchorman"

With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20 percent of the American population is

"unaffiliated"

​With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 23 percent of the American population is...

"unaffiliated."

if voter turnout was computed on the basis o registered voters, about ___ of American s vote.

80 percent.

The predictions of the Gallup Poll for nineteen presidential elections since 1936 have been deviated from actual voting results by less than ___ percentage point(s).

1

A typical Gallup national ​poll surveys approximately _______ individuals.

1,500

a typical gallup national poll surveys approx. ___ individuals

1,500

the __ amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote " on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

15th

the best the Socialist party has ever done in America was to capture 6 percent of the vote in the election of

1912

women were granted universal suffrage in

1920.

Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the

1950s

Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the...

1950s.

The Internet was started in...

1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense.

Microphones and cameras were banned from Congressional chambers until _____ when the House permitted live coverage.

1979

In what year did the FCC repeal the Fairness Doctrine

1987

the amendment granting women's suffrage is the

19th amendment.

In 2010, the largest circulation by a daily paper in America was about

2 million copies

As some historians estimate, _____ percent of Americans opposed the Revolution in July 1776.

20

according to a 2013 poll, ___ percent of Americans think the political parties do an adequate job representing the American people.

24

the amendment lowering the voting age to 18 is the

26th.

Women are more likely to favor going to war

A statement concerning gender and political beliefs that is incorrect is

___ was the first candidate elected as a republican?

Abraham Lincoln

True

African Americans tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than whites

which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties?

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones.

Leaders who follow news in specific policy areas

Attentive Policy Elites

Content analysis of the 2012 presidential campaign, suggests that more "good press" focused on...

Barack Obama.

A form of newsletter, journal, or "log" of thoughts for public reading, usually devoted to social or po9litical issues and often updated daily

Blog

High levels of knowledge and an interest in public affairs are likely characteristics of

Both conservatives and liberals, with equal probability

The reasonable access rule requires

Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues

A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines is

China

Political socialization

Continues throughout life

black Americans shifted significantly to the democratic party n the 1960s largely in response to

Democratic party support for civil rights legislation.

the __ party is probably the oldest political party in existence.

Democratic.

An independent federal agency that regulates interstate and international communication by radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable, and satellite

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

The _________ prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.

First Amendment

the __ Amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.

First.

One of the nation's oldest polls, the __________, was started in the 1930s, and was most notably wrong in 1948 when it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the Republican candidate, would defeat the Democratic incumbent, Harry Truman in the presidential election.

Gallup Poll

one of the nation's oldest polls, the ___ , was started n the 1930s and was most notably wrong in 1948 when it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the republican candidate, would defeat the democratic, Harry Truman in the Presidential election.

Gallup Poll

Media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who direct the flow of news

Gatekeepers

False (Hispanics are the most hindered, slows down their ability to mobilize)

Hispanics tend to mobilize and gain political office at higher rates than any other minority group

Election coverage by the mass media that focuses on which candidate is ahead rather than on national issues

Horse Race Journalism

The Framers guessed that the __________ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and government spending.

House of Representatives

the framers guessed that the ____ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and gov. spending.

House of Reprsentatives

The current debate about "net neutrality" concerns whether

ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.

the current debate about " net neutrality" concerns whether

ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.

Middle class

In the U.S., the vast majority of citizens regarded themselves as

Which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect?

Latinos are a racial group.

which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect

Latinos are a racial group.

the two ideological protest parties that together managed just over 1 percent of the vote in the 2012 presidential race were the __ party and the ___ party.

Libertarian; Green.

citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the ___ phenomenon.

NIMBY.

lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ____ model more difficult to sustain

Majoritarian.

Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?

Many people identify as "moderate" because they do not understand the alternatives.

Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?

Many people identify as "moderate"because they do not understand the alternatives.

The means employed in mass communication; traditionally divided into print media and broadcast media

Mass Media

A situation that is so "newsworthy" that the mass media are compelled to cover it

Media Event

true

Men are less likely to favor increased spending on social programs

True

Men are more likely to favor the death penalty

Set the political agenda

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to ______________________.

The degree to which a news story is important enough to be covered in the mass media

Newsworthiness

___ championed the direct primary.

Progressives.

In the current American context, a liberal would tend to

Promote economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom of social order

In a democracy, the mass media perform the function of

Promoting communication between government and citizens

The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as

Public Opinion

__ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen republican candidates for president do very well in the south.

Richard Nixon.

Congressman ___ was the 1988 Libertarian Party presidential candidate. he was elected to congress as a republican in 1996, where he served until 2013.

Ron Paul.

which president portrayed the democratic as big spenders, but his administration spent more than $1 trillion for defense?

Ronald Reagan.

____, candidate for president in 1992, ran as an independent and won 19 percent of the popular vote.

Ross Perot.

the __ is not a national political party because it does not nominate its own candidates.

Tea Party.

The belief that television is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs

Television Hypothesis

which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America?

The Boston Tea Party.

The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating

The House of Representatives

False (it relaxed the rules)

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 tightened the rules governing media coverage

the country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in congressional elections is

The US.

According to the text, the "television hypothesis" is

The belief that television is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs

True

The media in the U.S. have played an important role in advancing equality

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality.

true

The poor tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than the affluent

Political socialization

The process whereby an individual acquires political opinions, learns political facts, and develops political values is called

False (First amendment)

The second amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press

_________ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials.

The two-step flow of communication

Which president first provided space in the White House for reporters?

Theodore Roosevelt

which president first provided space in the White house for reporters?

Theodore Roosevelt.

true

There is substantial evidence that public opinion responds to the actions of government officials, and especially to the actions of the president. This tendency seems to violate the majoritarian model of democracy, in which leaders are supposed to respond to citizens.

How do the mass media influence the socialization process?

They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.

How the mass media influences the socialization process is that

They play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.

the early republicans were led by

Thomas Jefferson

Family, school, and community

Three of the five agents of early socialization in the United States (or what influences shape political socialization) are

Education, income, and region

Three of the six socioeconomic groups or categories that can potentially have an effect on a person's political values are

Much like newspaper circulation, news magazine circulation has declined in recent years. Today, only ________ magazine enjoys big circulation numbers.

Time

The process in which a few policy elites gather information and then inform their more numerous followers, mobilizing them to apply pressure to government

Two-step Flow of Communication

which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through

US.

true

Women are more likely to favor affirmative action

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor death penalty

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor death penalty.

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor going to war.

True

Women are more likely to favor government action to promote equality

true

Women tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than men

Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample?

Year sample is taken

True

Younger persons tend to be substantially less knowledgeable about politics than older persons

________ is an attempt to increase ratings through a process involving both reporting news and running commercials geared to a target audience. a. Market-driven journalism b. Watchdog journalism c. Pack journalism d. Horse race journalism

a. Market-driven journalism

Some of the most common sources for news online are primarily from news ________ , which collect and post stories from other news sources, such as Google News, or websites associated with print or television news organizations, such as the New York Times or CNN. a. aggregators b. journalists c. gatekeepers d. watchdogs

a. aggregators

What term is used by the media to describe an important event that has happened within the past twenty-four hours? a. hard news b. aggregate news c. coast-to-coast news d. primacy news

a. hard news

What is the main criterion used when judging whether a story can be considered newsworthy? a. its audience appeal b. its global impact c. its accuracy and objectivity d. its partisan viewpoint

a. its audience appeal

In evaluating the media and its effect on government, the text concludes that contemporary mass media a. resist government attempts to infringe on freedom of the press to promote order. b. support government censorship for the public good. c. have done little to advance equality. d. discourage disadvantaged groups from speaking out.

a. resist government attempts to infringe on freedom of the press to promote order.

Which area of the mass media has no gatekeepers and therefore no checks, constraints, or standards affecting its content? a. the Internet b. the film industry c. the magazine publishing industry d. the radio business

a. the Internet

In 2012, the daily paper with the largest circulation was a. the Wall Street Journal. b. USA Today. c. the Chicago Tribune. d. the New York Times.

a. the Wall Street Journal.

a 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security, ____ Americans favor gov. censorship.

about a third of.

when excluding horserace stories, media coverage of Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential campaign, compared to coverage of Obama, was

about the same.

News reporters who practice watchdog journalism tend to a. champion their own political beliefs while criticizing other media outlets that disagree. b. be highly critical of inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in arguments posed by politicians. c. bias the news simply by covering some stories and not others. d. view the news media and the government as partners.

b. be highly critical of inaccuracies in fact and weaknesses in arguments posed by politicians.

Which current trend increases the risk that a few powerful individuals could control the news flow to promote their own political interests, the same way political parties influenced the content of early American newspapers? a. going public b. concentrated ownership c. two-step flow of communication d. attentive policy elitism

b. concentrated ownership

The broadcast media in the United States are a. not regulated by any government agency. b. privately owned, except for public TV and radio stations. c. publicly owned by the federal government. d. no longer owned by corporate conglomerates.

b. privately owned, except for public TV and radio stations.

Of the four main functions of mass media in its coverage of the political system, which one do scholars believe gives the media their greatest influence on politics? a. socializing citizens about politics b. setting the political agenda c. interpreting the news d. reporting the news

b. setting the political agenda

For years, the broadcast media only were federally regulated under three rules that promoted the public interest. Which one was repealed in 1987, freeing broadcasters to air more controversial and ideological viewpoints? a. the equal time rule b. the fairness doctrine c. the reasonable access rule d. the equal opportunities rule

b. the fairness doctrine

The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq ​had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

backfire effect

The fact the ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

backfire effect

the fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

backfire effect

The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq ​had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the...

backfire effect.

The country with the highest voter turnout among eligible voters in national elections is

belgium

Timothy McVeigh bombed the Oklahoma City Federal building because he

believed the US gov. had become a police state.

advocates of dropping FCC content regulations believe that

broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.

The reasonable access rule required

broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.

The ​fairness doctrine required...

broadcast stations to provide fair coverage of all views on public issues.

The reasonable access rule required

broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues.

a recent example of popular music conveying a political message is "Born this way: by Lady Gaga, which focuses on

bullying.

in the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote

business and gov. policy ahead of social order.

Available evidence, including an analysis of network coverage and a survey of journalists, seems to confirm that ________ exist among reporters in the major news media. a. right-wing biases b. racial prejudices c. liberal leanings d. totally neutral viewpoints

c. liberal leanings

All of the following are TRUE regarding the presence of the Internet in media EXCEPT a. the Internet has given way for most television and radio news programs to have websites that include text and public commentary. b. the Internet has made the distinction between print and broadcast media problematic. c. the Internet has made it more difficult for other media outlets to communicate their message. d. the interactivity of the Internet has made two-way flows of information between citizens and government possible.

c. the Internet has made it more difficult for other media outlets to communicate their message.

the first nomination process for two opposing candidates for the presidency was conducted in 1800 by

congressional caucuses.

Most news printed about Congress comes from

congressional press releases and prepared reports

Most news printed about Congress comes from...

congressional press releases and prepared reports.

most news printed about Congress comes from

congressional press releases and prepared reports.

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media.

conservative leanings

available evidence seems to indicate that there are _____ among editors and owners of the major news media.

conservative leanings.

In the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was​...

considered neutral in tone.

An important series of 2003 surveys about perceptions of the Iraq war found that the most misperceptions and misunderstandings about the war were held by people who relied on ________ for their news. a. daily metropolitan newspapers b. public broadcasting c. public radio d. commercial television networks

d. commercial television networks

Which process is demonstrated when media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters direct the flow of news, deciding which events to report and how to handle the elements involved, while also upholding journalistic standards? a. horse race journalism b. protecting the source c. agenda setting d. gatekeeping

d. gatekeeping

Research on bias in the media suggests that today's political leaders increasingly a. hold open press conferences to reach the widest and most diverse audiences possible. b. avoid contact with the mainstream media and especially the major networks. c. attempt to defuse opinionated journalism and discourage partisan commentary. d. go to ideologically friendly media outlets to criticize the rest of the media.

d. go to ideologically friendly media outlets to criticize the rest of the media.

Election coverage by the mass media often focuses on which candidate is ahead and which has raised the most money, rather than the candidates' opinions on key issues. What concept does this represent? a. pack journalism b. money blurt journalism c. trial balloon journalism d. horse race journalism

d. horse race journalism

A media event is a situation that a. is controlled by powerful gatekeepers and agenda setters. b. is a symbol of a larger social problem or humanitarian issue. c. is more entertainment and fluff than real news. d. is too newsworthy for the mass media to pass up.

d. is too newsworthy for the mass media to pass up.

People who support "net neutrality" argue that Internet users a. should pay more if they consume a larger amount of bandwidth. b. should be prevented from accessing certain controversial sites by the government. c. should be registered with and monitored by a federal agency. d. should not be restricted by providers in their online use or website access.

d. should not be restricted by providers in their online use or website access.

Which news medium stands apart from the others, since it appears to be dominated by conservative political views? a. Internet blogs b. daily newspapers c. cable television d. talk radio

d. talk radio

the __ party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, though the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment.

democratic.

In a 2012 election survey, respondents were asked whether abortion should be outlawed by government or a matter of personal choice, and whether government should guarantee people a job and a good standard of living or people should get ahead on their own. People's responses to the two questions

demonstrated that these value choices cannot be explained by a one-dimensional liberal-conservative continuum.

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

dependent on advertising revenues

private ownership of the media in the US makes the American news industry

dependent on advertising revenues

Federalism in the electoral system refers to

difference between national election trends and trends in states.

unconventional political participation involving assembling crowds to confront businesses and local gov. is known as

direct action.

the purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to

discourage African Americans from voting.

Regarding the Internet, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC

does not have jurisdiction to regulate Internet content.

regarding the internet, the federal Communications Commission FCC

does not have jurisdiction to regulate internet content.

Crime rates have fallen in every major category (rape, burglary, robbery, assault, and murder) since the 1980s, but as one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________."

economically driven

crime rates fell in every major category from the 1980s until very recently, but as one journalist said, " crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's___

economically driven.

the standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

education, income,and occupation.

of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, ___ is the strongest single factor.

education.

A 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to __________ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of __________.

election coverage; foreign affairs

a 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to ___ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of ___.

election coverage; foreign affairs.

The__________ required any broadcast station that gave or sold time to a candidate for a public office to make an equal amount of time available under the same conditions to all other candidates for that office.

equal opportunities rule

the political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student's education includes

exposure to third parties.

The now-abolished __________ obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.

fairness doctrine

the now-abolished____ obligated broadcasters to discuss issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.

fairness doctrine.

For most people, the first agent of political socialization is

family

The first newspapers in the United States were

financed by political parties that advocated party causes

The first newspapers in the United States were...

financed by political parties that advocated party causes.

the first newspapers in the US were

financed by political parties that advocated party causes.

A sample of six hundred randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)

five percentage points

In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote

for Republican candidates

In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote...

for Republican candidates.

in the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote

for republican candidates.

A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values

freedom over order

A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values.

freedom over order.

a respondent who agrees with the statement "By law, a woman should be ale to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values

freedom over order.

As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose...

freedom over social order.

as a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose

freedom over social order.

content analysis of the 2012 party convention platforms found that Republicans were more likely to mention the word ___ whereas democrats were more likely to mention the word __.

freedom; equality.

Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over ________.

freedom; order or equality

individuals with higher education and income tend to favor __ over __

freedom; order or equality

Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over_____.

freedom; order or equality​.

The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

gatekeepers

Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent year, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving

gay rights

Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent years, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving...

gay rights.

Who complained that there was not "a dime's worth of difference" between the Democrats and the Republicans?

george wallace

which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

government should do what a majority of the public wants.

Communication in a democracy must move from government to citizens and from citizens to...

government.

Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowed the voting age to 18, because they

hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.

During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as

horse race journalism

During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to the candidate who is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering the issues, is known as...

horse race journalism.

during a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to coverage of which candidate is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering 'issues, is known as

horse race journalism.

One major influence of political blogs on American politics is

impacting the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media."

The text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners​ sought government regulation of the airwaves to...

impose order on the use of the airwaves.

The Internet was started

in 1969, with support from the U.S. Department of Defense

the internet was started

in 1969, with support from the US Department of Defense.

voting in the US decreased during the 1970s and 80s. other forms of participation

increased or remained stable.

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is called...

infotainment.

To stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have __________ their online content, with varying degrees of success...

instituted paywalls for

to stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have ____ their online content, with varying degrees of success.

instituted paywalls for

what most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Manufacturers is that

interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives.

Disturbance theory suggests that

interest groups will naturally form when the need arises

The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television

is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.

The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television...

is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.

the "television hypothesis" is the belief that television

is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.

counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers

is up overall.

If a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ____ as a way to define the topic of taxes...

issue framing

characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

low education, low income, and being relatively young.

in 19 presidential elections since 1936, gallup polls have been deviated from actual results by

lss than 1.0 percent point.

in Oregon, everyone votes by

mail.

Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain

majoritarian

Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model more difficult to sustain.

majoritarian

Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain.​

majoritarian

According to the __, political parties are essential in making gov. responsive to public opinion.

majoritarian model of democracy.

which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?

many people identify as "moderates" because they do not understand the alternatives.

A feature story that is aired to a targeted listening audience by a media source that supports a specific advertiser of the network is an example of

market-driven journalism

during the Jacksonian era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters , and one response was using ___ to select presidential candidates.

national conventions.

A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.

nearly half

A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _____ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.

nearly half.

according to the text, Americans were ___ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952.

neither more nor less.

Until the early 1960s, most Americans cited __________ as the source from which they got most of their news

newspapers

in response to financial stress, some suggested that newspapers operate as ____, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps gov. support.

nonprofits.

When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales ("liberal," "moderate," or "conservative"), the data plotted on a graph is a(n) _____ distribution...

normal

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a

normal distribution

When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales ("liberal," "moderate," or "conservative"), the data plotted on a graph is a(n)

normal distribution

The phrase "off the record" means that media are...

not allowed to print the information.

where in the Constitution are political parties discussed?

nowhere.

according to the text, if the criterion is ___, America has the best and most democratic gov. in the world.

number of elections held.

surveys show today that approx. ___ of the American population today think that the US needs a third party.

one-half.

when elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of ___; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach

order;equality

When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.

order; equality

The term __________ refers to the tendency of journalists to adopt similar viewpoints toward news simply because they hang around together.

pack journalism

As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of _________.

patriotic ritual; good citizenship

as students move from elementary school, to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ___ to development of _____.

patriotic ritual;good citizenship.

As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of...

patriotic ​ritual; good citizenship.

the ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best described as a part of ___ theory.

pluralist.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system?

polarizing the news

which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?

property ownership.

according to the text, with respect to political participation, "__ is the great equalizer".

protest.

In the United States today, the mass media

provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government.

In the united states today, the mass media

provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government.

The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college especially if professors encourage students to...

question authority.

The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student's education includes

questioning established values

Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about

racial politics and social issues

the republican party was established in response to the issue of

slavery.

The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was...

radio.

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until the 1830s when publishers realized they could...

raise revenue through advertising.

The accuracy of the population sample used for public opinion polls depends on

randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population

the accuracy of the population sample used for the public opinion polls depends on

randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population,

Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and legos to

recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that avoid censors.

In response to government control of the news flow in China, ​Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to...

recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that will avoid censors.

The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to...

reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to

reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of actuality

the fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, the reasonable access rule are all rules under which FCC has

regulate broadcast media content.

The fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, and the reasonable access rule are all ways the FCC has...

regulated broadcast media content.

The main focus of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was to...

relax the rules governing media ownership.

The Telecommunications Act of 1996

relaxed the rules governing media ownership

the telecommunications Act of 1996

relaxed the rules governing media ownership.

the 12 amendment

required the electoral college to vote separately for president and VP.

newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to

resort to negative or positive spin on the news.

the text suggests that the early days of radio, owners sought gov. regulation of the airwaves to

restrict others' freedom to enter broadcasting and compete.

Opinion polling involves interviewing a small number of people to measure public sentiment. This small number is called a

sample

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to

set the political agenda

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to...

set the political agenda.

most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is ability to

set the political agenda.

if someone formed the "second amendment party" a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a __ party.

single-issue.

When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

skewed

when Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scale, the data plotted on the graph is a

skewed distrubution

since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become

skewed toward conservatism

Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become...

skewed toward conservatism.

When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...

skewed.

when sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

skewed.

The courts usually strike down government attempts to restrain the press from disseminating information, reports, or opinions it finds newsworthy, one notable exception concerns...

strategic information during wartime.

the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an an example of

successful unconventional political participation.

___ is political action that expresses allegiance to country and gov.

supportive behavior.

_______ are actions that express allegiance to country and our government especially in terms of crisis.

supportive behaviors

Today, the mass media conduct most polls by

telephone

today, the mass media conduct most polls by

telephone.

currently, __ is (are) most Americans' primary news source

television.

presence of multiple political parties

tends to split opposition to a dominant regime and help it maintain power.

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until

the 1830s

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until

the 1830s.

the ___ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention.

the Anti-Masonic Party

which event helped shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century?

the Civil War.

a critical event that helped end the republican Party;s domination of national politics in the 1920s was

the Great Depression.

The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating...

the House of Representatives.

So far, the only major paper with a long-standing successful practice of charging its online readers for content is

the Wall Street Journal

According to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's (such as Donald Trump's) Twitter activity,...

the better he/she will do.

Mass media refers to...

the means of communicating to audiences.

The basic definition of public opinion is

the collective attitude of citizens on a given issue or question.

The basic definition of public opinion is

the collective attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question.

Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when

the community is homogeneous

Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when...

the community is homogeneous.

pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest whe

the community is homogeneous.

Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or view is strongest when

the community is homogenous

The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on...

the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.

the extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on

the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.

by law, the US presidential election occurs

the first Tuesday after the first monday in november.

in nearly every other democratic country, the burden of registration is placed on

the government.

the era of Good Feelings was characterized by

the lack of party competition.

The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on _________ to help them determine which news is real and important.​

the mainstream media

The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on ___ to help them determine which news is real and important.

the mainstream media.

Content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on

the president

The televised presidential news conference has developed into an event in which

the president and other high-level officials deliver carefully rehearsed answers to anticipated questions

content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on

the president.

the reasonable access rule required

the press to refrain from publishing strategic information during wartime.

Most democratic nations use

the proportional representation system

one critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of gov.

One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government

One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that...

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government.

One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on the daily issues of government

The text points out that one of the reasons the United States has such low voter turnout is

the requirement of voters to register to vote.

the framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to

the states.

Today, the mass media conduct many polls using...

the telephone.

___ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials

the two-step flow of communication.

Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer

political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because

they are biased toward institutionalized, or conventional , politics, and it's easier to collect data on conventional practices.

studies of Americans who engage in "contacting behavior" like complaining to city hall find

they are not more likely to vote than other Americans.

one recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that

they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.

While most of the mass media in the U.S. is privately owned,...

they do not operate free of government regulation.

how do the mass media influence the socialization process?

they play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.

The early Republicans (also known as Democratic-Republicans) were led by

thomas jefferson

the American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of

those with greater resources.

A sample of one thousand randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus) _____ percentage points.

three

The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is

to reflect the view of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy

the goal of the statistical theory of samplingis

to reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ____ model of partnership

transmission

Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.​

transmission

Learning the political party identification from parents is known as the _______ model of partisanship.

transmission

Officials send out __________ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders

trial balloons

officials send out ___ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders.

trial balloons.

In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.

​nonprofits

​Towards the end of the nineteenth century, competition for readers among the big-city dailies grew so fierce, that publishers started entertaining them with all of the following EXCEPT...

​objective news stories.

The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as...

​public opinion.

Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to...

​resort to negative or positive spin on the news.

Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.​

​transmission


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