A.M. History Study Guide Chapter 7

14. At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan called for __________________ legislature.

At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan called for a single house legislature.

10. What difficult did the Confederation have with the government of Spain?

european power who controlled florida and land west of the mississippi river wanted to stop expansion in their territory

3. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could issue what?

foreign affairs, maintain armed forces, borrow money, and issue currency

24. The decision to divide the federal government into three branches can be traced to the ideas of ________________________.

ideas of Montesquieu's idea of a division of powers

9. Robert Morris wanted to tax what to help pay the national debt.

imported goods

17. Under proportional representation, which states (large or small) would have more votes?

large

22. What document limited the power of the monarch?

magna carta

2. In a republic, people rule through the ___________________ they elect.

representative

18. The Great Compromise solved the issue of __________________.

representatives

23. Federalism means that the federal government _____________________.

shares powers between federal and state government

12. What was a major source of labor in the Southern states?

slavery

19. A compromise on what issue was necessary to keep the Southern states in the union?

slavery

8. The Northwest Ordinance included a ban on ______________________.

slavery

5. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state had only one vote but how many states had to approve a law.

13

4. The Confederation government was able to change the Articles with how many votes?

9 votes

20. The process to approve the Constitution required approval of how many states?

9/13

11. What happens during a period of depression in a country?

A period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases

15. Who called for the Constitutional Convention to be held.

Alexander Hamilton

13. The cause of Shay's Rebellion was a policy of seizing land because _____________________.

Farmers were unable to sell their goods so they couldn't pay of their taxes and their debts.

28. The _______________________ believed a strong central government was needed.

Federalists

21. One idea the Framers of the Constitution took from John Locke was _______________.

He wrote that government is based on an agreement or contract between the people and the ruler.

26. The legislative branch includes _______________________________ and ______________________.

House of Representatives and the Senate

What was the intent of the 3/5 Compromise? What compromise was needed to get the 3/5 Compromise passed by the Second Continental Congress?

Including enslaved people as part of a state's population would increase each Southern state's size. This would give Southern states more seats in Congress. The Southern states liked this, and the Northern states did not. At the same time, larger populations would increase each Southern state's taxes, because states were to be taxed based on their populations. The South was not happy about this. As part of this compromise, every five enslaved persons would count as three persons in the state's population total.

7. The Continental dollar fell in value because ___________________.

It didn't have any value like gold or silver did

What was Shay's Rebellion and how did it show weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

Judges wold legally take away farmers lands, because they were unable to sell their goods and so they couldnt pay there taxes and debts

29. Which branch has the power to settle disputes between states?

Judicial Branch

30. Who has the power to tax under the Constitution?

Legislative Branch

Give the importance of each: Ordinance of 1785, the Northwest Ordinance and the Land Act of 1800.

Ordinance of 1785: In 1785 the Confederation Congress passed an ordinance or law, that set up a process to survey and sell the lands north of the Ohio River. The new law divided this large area into townships 6 miles long (9.7 km) and 6 miles wide (9.7 km). These townships were to be further divided into 36 sections of 640 acres (259 ha). The government would sell each section at public auction, or sale, for at least a dollar an acre. Northwest Ordinance: The Northwest Ordinance had a bill of rights for the settlers in the territory. It guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury. It also stated, "There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in said territory." This clause or condition added to a document, marked the first attempt to stop the spread of slavery in the United States. Land Act of 1800: the act made it possible for people to pay for land a little at a time. Under the terms of this law, a person was required to buy at least 320 acres of land at a price of $2 per acre. The buyer could pay half of the money at the time of purchase and the rest in four yearly payments.

What was the Virginia Plan and how did it organize government? What was the New Jersey Plan and how did it organize government? How did the members of the Second Constitutional Convention work out a compromise and what was the name of that Compromise?

The Virginia Plan: was created a government with three branches: a two-house legislature, a chief executive chosen by the legislature, and a court system. The legislature would have powers to tax, regulate trade, and veto state laws. The New Jersey Plan: the legislature would have a single house, with each state having one vote. The New Jersey plan gave Congress the power to set taxes, regulate trade, and elect an executive branch made up of more than one person. To settle the disagreement Rodger Sherman came up with a compromise called "The Great Compromise" it proposed different representation in the two-house legislature. In the upper house—the Senate— each state would have two members. That is, the states would be equal in representation. In the lower house—the House of Representatives—the number of seats for each state would vary based on the state's population. Larger states would have more representation.

Who were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists? How did each view the new Constitution and how did they come to a compromise for ratification?

Those who opposed the Constitution were called Anti-Federalists. They feared a strong national government that would be able to take away the rights of citizens. Federalists supported the Constitution. They believed that the Constitution would give the national government power to manage the problems facing the United States. At the same time, the Federalists argued, the Constitution would protect the right of the individual

6. The Ordinance of 1785 was established to do what?

To take and sell land north of the Ohio river

16. The ____________________ plan called for a chief executive chosen by the legislation.

Virginia

What were the four main weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation?

Weak central government did not have power to tax no power to enforce laws no national army or navy.

1. The purpose of setting up two-house state legislatures was divide power where?

between the governor and the legislature

27. The main function of the executive branch is to __________________.

carry out the nation's laws and policies

25. Each state's voters choose _______________ to vote for president and vice president.

electors