American Film Survey Exam 2
What was the name of the first movie that Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy made?
"Duck Soup"
What first two animated short films did Disney make using the three color process?
"Flowers and Trees" and "Three little Pigs" Then he made Snow White- 1st full length film
What animated cartoon did J. Stuart Blackton make?
"Humorous Phases of Funny Faces"
How many people does the Paramount in Abilene, Texas hold?
1,200
What were 3 types of comedy with sound?
1. Repartee and double entendre (drawing room comedies of the live theater) 2. Vaudeville (live entertainment in music halls) 3. Screwball Comedy (intellectual sophistication with slap stick behavior)
3 Major Problems when sound came
1. could not control outdoor sound 2. Internal noise (biograph camera was noisy) 3. What to do about going back outside
Why did other Studios not want sound?
1. expensive equipment and facilities 2. did not want to pay royalties to Warner or Fox for equiptment 3. no one was trained for sound techniques 4. back log of silents that had not been released 5. long term contracts with silent stars, foreign stars, and directors
How much was Will H. Hayes paid to be the president of MPPDA?
100,000 per year
When sound first came how many theaters had recordings? what were they called?
16; Talkies
___ silent films were previously made and released in 1929 in small theaters that were not equipped with sound?
175
By what year were 3/4 of films released in some kind of sound as well as silents adding sound after filming?
1929
What year was the Golden Age of Hollywood?
1930-1939
How many languages could Paul Robeson speak?
29 languages
How many Nickelodeons were in the US? How many admissions did it draw in per week?
5,000 theaters, 80 million admissions per week.
What percentage of films was Hollywood producing?
80 percent
Who founded The Bank of Italy? (know known as Bank of America) and help fund "Gone with the Wind".
A.P. Giannini
What is NBC Blue now known as?
ABC
RCA was owned by ______,____,_________.
AT&T, G.E., and Westinghouse
What Nickelodeon Showman started Paramount and founded "Famous Players" (photographs of stage success that were available on film)?
Adolph Zukor
What is Wings about?
Air war, realistic approach to WW1
__________ was the third film to win Best Picture
All Quiet on the Western Font
What is 2D cartooning?
An artist drawings
2.4:1 is ______________ or ______________ and 1.75:1 is _______________.
Anamorphic or Widescreen; Ultra Panavision
Intolerence- D.W. Griffith Civilization- Thomas Ince These films are what kind of movies?
Anti-War propaganda Both films were taken off until after WW1 was over.
Who is shown putting his signature and footprints at the Grauman's Chinese Theater?
Anton Yelchin (Creater of the Smurfs)
What referred to what the film looked like when it came out as well as responsible for Production Value.
Art Direction
__________ was the size of a rectangular screen that American Film started at (standard size 1.33:1) then changed to (1.85:1)
Aspect Ratio
_____________ theaters wanted you to feel like you were outside, it has stars on the ceilings.
Atmospheric
Lee Deforest invented the __________ that had 3 charges (a triode) to allow increase/decrease of sound.
Audion Tube
____ ______ played Dracula.
Bela Lugosi
_____________ was the first Studio System used in the US.
Biograph
How did they first fix the internal noise problem?
Biograph camera was too loud because it was perforating the film while filming. They put the camera into a "photo booth" to help the noise.
Why did African Americans start making films?
Birth of a Nation; they were not trying to get even, they were trying to show contributions of African American's (Soldiers etc.)
What are primary colors?
Blue, Red, Yellow, Green
What was Oscar Micheux's famous film?
Body and Soul
What was the first musical in 1929? How much did it make? What award did it win?
Broadway Melody; 380,000, best picture
Who starred in Steamboat Bill Jr., The General (true story from the civil war)?
Buster Keaton
What State were Birth of a Nation and Intolerance shot in?
California
Who was the head and started Universal Studios in Universal City as well as started film credits at the end of film?
Carl Laemmle
____________ started Universal Studios.
Carl Laemmle
Who was the first to go to G.A.Smith and came up with two color sequential additive system? Red and Green (add color rather than subtract) "Kinemacolor"
Charles Urban
Who starred in The kid, The Gold Rush?
Charlie Chaplin
____________ owned Hal Roach Studios in Culver City
Charlie Chaplin
4 Primary Silent Film Actors
Charlie Chaplin Harold Lloyd Buster Keaton Harry Landon
_____________ was a film made based on a book about the settlement of Oklahoma. What kind of film was it? What award did it win?
Cimarron Epic Western Best Picture
What was the first thing William H. Hayes did to regulate the film making?
Created a Studio Relations Committee
Where is MGM located? What does MGM stand for?
Culver City; Metro Goldwyn Mayer
Who was the director of United Artist?
D.W. Griffith
__ _______ directed Hearts of the World.
D.W. Griffith
Who moved their company from the West to the East?
DW Griffith
Who was the Studio Head of 20th Century Fox?
Darryl F. Zanuck
Who produced Gone with the wind?
David O Selznick
who came up with the use of celluloid and drew on cells (clear plastic)?
Earl Hurd
Where were some of the bigger Paramount theaters located?
East Coast
Where were some of the first studios located?
Edendale
What British actor played frankenstein? Also narrated the grinch who stole christmas.
Edward Platt; changed his name to Boris Karloff
Where was Oliver Hardy from?
England
The kind of Architecture that is used to look like other cultures and countries?
Exoticism
____ _______ weighed closed to 350lbs, was accused of murdering actress Birgina Rappe, 3 trials on the case, all contracts from Paramount were pulled, changed his name to Will B. Good, and the hotel room was 1221.
Fatty Arbuckle
RCA became free standing and wanted to expanded to include ______.
Films
What is a race film?
Films made by African Americans
_______________ talked about movie stars, where they lived, etc.
First Fan Magazine
Who followed Warner Brothers in sound?
Fox
What film markets in other countries suffered from WW1?
France shut down; Germany suffered
_____ _____ is credited for Screwball Comedy. __ _______ __ _____ is an example of this type of comedy. What award did it win?
Frank Capra; "It happened one night"; first to win the big 4 (best actor, actress, film, and director)
Who fused two colors together, using persistence of vision (filters of different colors)?
G.A. Smith
Who created the characters in Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse?
George Herriman
What order and who did Warner's try to get to play the Jewish character in The Jazz Singer? How much did the movie make?
George Jessel but he wanted too much. 35,000 Eddie Cantor- he declined because George had already played the part Al Joelston- he got the job and was paid 75,000 It made 3.5 million
Who was the first popular cartoon character?
Gertie the Dinosaur
_______________ and _____________ came out in 1939.
Gone with the Wind; Wizard of Oz
What was the name of Sid Grumman's theater? How long did it take to build it? Who helped Finace it?
Grumman's Chinese Theater; 18 months; Mary Pickford.
Grauman also owned what theater?
Grumman's Egyptian Theater (it has Egyptian Architecture)
Who moved from Kansas to Hollywood?
HH Wilcox
How did Hollywood get its name?
HH Wilcox's wife visited a mansion and it was named "Hollywood". HH Wilcox built subdivisions and she named the new area "Hollywood"
Who starred in Nover Weeken, Hot Water?
Harold Lloyd
Powerful and prominent family in California, publisher of Los Angles Times, and pushed for the film industry, and loaned money for real estate and finance movies?
Harry Chandler
Who thought the scandals were going to destroy the film industry?
Harry Chandler
_____________ started Columbia Pictures and most hated man in Hollywood.
Harry Cohn
Who was Culver City named after?
Harry Culver
Who starred in The Strong Man, Soldier Man?
Harry Landon
What is a Studio System?
Have to sign a contract to work for only one studio, it disappeared after WW2
What did the press like to call MPPDA?
Hayes' Office
Examples of Pro War Films
Hearts of the World; The Big parade
Who started The Technicolor? 3 people.
Herbert T. Kelmus, Daniel Comstock, and Burton Wescott
What was the original name of Hollywood?
Hollywood Land
in 1929 ____________ was another musical that came out from _______ studio that was known for musicals, it did not receive awards.
Hollywood Revue; MGM
Lee Deforest didn't know how the Audion Tube worked, who helped him figure that out?
Howard Armstrong
Who showed up to Harry Cohn's funeral to make sure he was dead?
Humphrey Bogart
What is Grumman's Chinese Theater?
It holds handprints and footprints of stars; costs around $20,000 to have the ceremony and labor. It still continues to show films.
Why did RCA have to sell NBC Blue?
It was a monopoly
One of the two Englishmen that started Biograph.
J. Stuart Blackton
_ ____ _______was the first animated cartoonist and did work for the newspaper.
J. Stuart Blackton
Who was the architect who built the first Atmospheric theater? Where was it located?
John Eberson (from Austria); Houston, Texas
Who invented printing backgrounds to speed up the time?
John Randolph Bray
Who was head of the production code admin?
Joseph L Brine
Where was Walt Disney from and how old when we went to Hollywood?
Kanasas, Missouri; 22
What does the K and O stand for in RKO?
Keith, Orpheum (two chain theaters they purchased)
_______ was also shot at RKO studio. (the back of the Gates)
King Kong
Who directed The Big Parade? Who was the script writer?
King Vidor; Lawrence Stallings
Who was the first to have film credit?
Lawerence
Who lost a leg in the war and came from MGM studios?
Lawrence Stallings
___ ________ invented Sound on Film and known as "Father of Radio".
Lee DeForest
____ ________directed "All quiet on the western front".
Lewis Milestone
___________ was a publicly traded company that sold shares for $1.
Lincoln Company
_____ _________ came up with a ____ ___ that thirdly fix the internal noise problem. (what we use today.)
Lionel Barrymoore (actor) came up with a boom mic (what we use today)
What was the name of the "Gangster film" where Edward G. Robinson was the actor?
Little Caesar
East Coast had ________________ long before theaters.
Live Performances
Theatre is used for...
Live Theatre
Where was the first building that was constructed to show films located? (most were old store buildings that were turned into a film building)
Los Angles
________ studio head of MGM. (The last M in MGM.)
Louis. B. Mayer
_______ bought out Metro Pictures.
Lowes
What was Sony Pictures originally called?
MGM
What was burned down and not restored?
MGM
Where was "Gone with the Wind" first shown as a finished product?
MGM
_______ is the largest and most famous in Hollywood during this period.
MGM
__________ owned a chain of theaters named "lowes". Wanted to make their own films to show in their theaters to make more money.
MGM
What organization was supposed to oversee film making?
MPPDA- Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors of America
___________ owned Sennett Studios and purchased Key Stone Studios.
Mac Sennett
____________ was introduced in the 20's that had a enlarged lens that was over the projector that needed an extra large screen (proscenium arch)?
Magnascope
What was the name of the first Atmospheric theater?
Majestic Theater
First woman to make 1 Million dollars, known as "America's Sweetheart", divorced her husband in Nevada, then married Douglas Fairbanks, and mansion was named Pickfair?
Mary Pickford
_____________ stated United Artist.
Mary Pickford
Who were the first to make $1 million dollars?
Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin.
Who started 20th Century Fox?
Merger of Joseph Schenck (20th Century Pictures) William Fox (Fox Film Corp.)
Who started a studio "Pioneer films" that merged with Selznick international pictures?
Merian C. Cooper
Who went to technacolor, would follow Disney and did a live action short named "La Cucaracha" (focused on romantic passion)
Merian C. Cooper
____ _______ is the name of this kind of tinting. Blue coloring used for cold or night, yellow used for day, there were 16 colors.
Mood coloring
Where are the Race Films?
Most are lost; some were found in (Africa?) with spanish intertitles
Abel Gance directed ______________ which was a famous wide screen; 4 hrs long and only showed the way it is supposed to once in New York. Used three different cameras 160 degrees showing 3 different scenes at the same time.
Neapolitan
What french film used the magna scope and could only be shown on proscenium arch?
Neapolitan
What system did the multicolor use? (used until three color system came out)
Negative System
By the end of WW1 what state became the world distribution center for films?
New York
______________ was the first place a should film was shown to an audience at Warners' theater.
New York
What was the very first theater?
Nickelodeon
Where was Stan Laurel from?
Ohio
__________ similar to operas, but in english. They sing at one time to one another. _________ is an example of a musical that came from _____. What were the two actors in the musical?
Operettas; "Rose Marie"; MGM; Jeanette McDonald and Nelson Eddy
Who was a director of Race Films?
Oscar Micheux
______________ was the most powerful studio in the "Silent Era"? (It made an effort to have a monopoly on theaters, owned over 2,000 of them)
Paramount Pictures
_______________took over the distributions of "Famous Pictures" and was the most powerful studio in the "Silent Era" (It made an effort to have a monopoly on theaters, owned over 2,000 of them)
Paramount Pictures
Who was the Star in Body and Soul?
Paul Robeson
What was the name of the First Fan Magazine?
Photo Play
RCA developed sound on film named ________________.
Photophone
KDKA was the first radio station in ______________.
Pittsburg
__________was the name given by the French film critic Émile Vuillermoz to a specialized widescreen film format devised exclusively for the filming and projection of Abel Gance's 1927 film Napoleon.
Polyvision
MPPDA adopted a production code that was written by? (both were catholics)
Priest Father Daniel Lord (a professor of dramatics); Martian Quigley (publisher of motion picture Harold
_____________ needed two projectors; one regular lens and a anamorphic lens.
Proscenium Arch
Mutual Film Company disappeared and became part of ___.
RKO
What studio was Merian C. Cooper Vice President of Production?
RKO
Which Big 5 owned NBC red and NCB blue and began to make TV sets?
RKO Radio Pictures
What building was burned down in the movie "Gone with the Wind?
RKO back lot
What was an alternative to Hollywood?
Race Films; Not apart of the Hollywood system
What does RCA stand for?
Radio Corp. of America
Who opened the first independent animated studio "Astoria Studio"?
Raoul Barre
What is the three color process?
Red Green Blue
Photography colors are?
Red Green Blue- when mixed together you get white.
Who created Katzen Jammer Kids?
Rudolph Dirks
What Schools did Paul Robeson attend?
Rutger's (only back student at the time) and Columbia Law school
In MGM who got in to financial difficulties and did not have much to do with MGM? (name stood for G.)
Samuel Goldwyn
Who was one of the East Coast Showmen and owned Realalto, Rivoli, Capitol, Roxy, Radio City Music Hall, and Strand?
Samuel L. Rothapfel (Roxy)
Where was Wings filmed?
San Antonio
Who was the color photography based on, who took sunlight and broke it down into colors?
Scottish; Jame Clerk Maxwell
What is Paul Robeson famous for?
Show Boat, he sang "Old Man River"
What were you named if you owned a theater?
Showman
Who a West Coast Showmen?
Sid Grauman
What other film did Joelston make? How much did it make?
Singing Fool; 5.5 million
"Gone with the Wind" and "Jaws" were shown in a _______________.
Sneak Peek so people could review them
What was Disney's first movie?
Snow White
____ _____ was the first Animation film that was in color, sound, and 88 mins long. How much was spent? How much did it make? How long did it take to make it?
Snow White; 2.5 million; 8 million; 3 years.
What studio is still located in Culver City?
Sony Pictures
What made it worse for the MPPDA?
Sound
What saved Warner Brothers company?
Sound
___________ was large records that the projectionists synchronized to what was going on, on screen.
Sound on Disc
_____________ treated him better than the US.
Soviet Union
____________ was a film that changed western and was directed by _________ ; it made John Wayne famous.
Stage Coach; John Ford; a new formula was used for the film
Who were comedy teams and actors?
Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy
What animation was first silent and added sound later by Walt Disney? (had to sell his car to add sound)
Steamboat Willie
Independent Films moved to...
Suburbs of Los Angles, California and Cuba
____________ man made sound; not natural. Very first to incorporate it was "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"
Synthetic sound
__________ was the second film to win Best Picture?
The Broadway Melody
Theodore Case did not want to get into the film industry and want to sell ___________ to William Fox, and it was renamed to ____________.
The Case System; Movie Tone System
crimes against the law, sex, profanity, obscurity, costumes, dancing, religion, locations, national feelings, titles, repellant subjects, cruelty to animals or children, no sale of woman or drug trafficking.
The Cod that Priest Father Daniel Lord and Martian Quigley came up with. (12 Areas Code) Producers still did not pay attention.
___________ was a film that was based on a broadway play of a Jewish family in NY.
The Jazz Singer
Who was finally able to make a change in regulating the film industry?
The Legion of Decency (made up of catholics)
Phonophone was an early version of ___________.
The Movie Tone System
Who viewed every frame of film, looking for the seal of approval with a number on it that meant that it went through the review board and approval was given
The Production Code Administration (Joseph L Brine)
What banker was in control over what equipment would be used (standardization for the industry) because he had stock in which 2 companies?
The Rockefeller's; stock in Western Electric (AT&T) and RCA
Which two films did he work on at the same time? Who was the director of these two films?
The girl of the Golden West; The Cheat; Cecil B DeMille
Who invented the Phonofilm; but was sued for not asking to use patents? 2 people.
Theodore Case and Lee Deforest
Why did it take 3 years to make Snow White? How many drawings are in the film?
There were 125 artists drawing an estimated 2 million pictures for the film. there are 460,800 total drawings in the film.
How did the Little 3 get their name?
They never owned any theaters.
Director Owner of a Studio Inceville Built a new lot in Culver City
Thomas Ince
_________________ was the first Showman and what what his first theater named?
Thomas Tally; Thomas L Tally Electric Theater
What is the new name of Warner Brothers?
Time Warner
What was the cheapest way to have color?
Tinting
What was the name of the film that Kelmus, Comstock, and Wescott made that used the subtractive system?
Toll of the Sea
_________ three screens together at the same time.
Triptych sequence
_______ studios started Horror Films. What are two famous horror films?
Univeral studios; Dracula and Frankenstein
What kind of movies did Lincoln Company make?
Up lifting films
What did Warner brothers name the system that Subsidiary made?
Vitaphone System
Adolph Zukor joined with __________ who owned Paramount Pictures.
W.W. Hodkinson
What effected the film market?
WW1
_______ ____ was early Harrison Ford, did most of his own special effects, got addicted to pain medicine and overdosed.
Wallace Reed
Who volunteered to make a three color process film? Animated short (5 mins)
Walt Disney
What was the longest movie made? 6hrs long.
War and Peace
___________ studios made partial sound film that had singing as its sound?
Warner Brothers
Which of the Big 5 were Exhibitors?
Warner Brothers (4 of them)
First National disappeared and dissolved into __________________.
Warner Brothers'
What was the only studio that wanted sound and were in financial trouble? They bought a radio station to broadcast their upcoming films.
Warners'
Who ended up with sound on disc, but didn't invent it?
Warners'
________ was owned by AT&T. They built the equipment for AT&T. They invented sound on Disc.
Western Electric
__________ films were inexpensive, quickly made, and aimed to unsophisticated audiences and children.
Westerns
Why was United Artist put into The Little 3?
When it was formed it did not make motion pictures, it distributed films for others.
______ ________was the first Art Director in Hollywood.
Wilford Buckland
Who was a republican, post master general, presbyterian elder, and the President of MPPDA?
Will H. Hayes
Who congratulated the Warners' on their first sound film? ____________ was people who were in it singing or playing instruments and short had sound. ________________ was the name of the film (did not have sound) and had the most kissed on film.
Willam H. Hayes MPPDA; Live Action Shorts; Don Juan
A famous Director, found dead, murder wasn't solved, but they think he had a stage mom who killed him?
William Desiman Taylor
____________ got into debt by getting into 2 thing at the same time as the Great Depression. Tried to gain control of MGM and corner the market American and Europe?
William Fox
Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse were work of who?
William Randolph Hurst
Who was the director of the film "Becky Sharp"? It was three color film based on literature and failed.
William Thackerry
Who made a realistic movie about the WW1?
William Wellman; a pilot during WW1
Who started stop motion animation and used rubber characters for King Kong?
Willis O' Brian
Who drew for the cartoon "Gertie the Dinosaur"? 5 minutes long; 8,000 drawings
Windsor McCay
______ _____ worked for William Randolf Hurst as a cartoonist.
Windsor McCay
What film that William Wellman made won best picture?
Wings
_______ a film that was silent and only best picture for a long time.
Wings
What did Kelmus, Comstock, and Wescott invent?
a camera "Prismatic Beam Camera" using the additive process
Barre was hired to work for Hearst as what?
an animator
What is post synchronization? What was the first film to use this technique?
do the action outdoors and put sound in later; "In Old Arizona"
What did the Prismatic Beam camera do? How many films did they make with it?
light went into two directions; two rolls of film; 1 film
Why did the US become the choice for films?
production values; better picture
What was the "Studio Relations Committee"?
they listed a do's and don'ts for the film industry, but did not have power to enforce it
How did the legion of decency make the producers enforce the code and stick with it?
they stayed away from the movies and it was costing the producers money
How did they second fix the internal noise problem?
took canvas filled with led and called it "blipping the camera"
5 Events that effected Filmmaking
• Move to California • Formation of United Artist Studios • Self-Regulations • Sound • Block-Booking
Studios were located in what 5 Suburbs?
•Culver City •Edendale •Burbank •North Hollywood •Hollywood
What 4 famous films were filmed in Culver City?
•Gone with the Wind •Citizen Cane •King Kong •Wizard of Oz
Little 3 Studios
•Universal Pictures •Columbia Pictures •United Artist
Big 5 Studios
•Warner Brothers' •RKO Radio Pictures •20th Century Fox •Paramount •MGM
What was the importance of Filmmaking to Los Angles?
•important to their economy •profitable by giving loans and selling acreage
