American History Ch. 7 Test

What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?

The sinking of six American ships by German submarines

What was the Zimmermann telegram?

The telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war

Victory garden

Was a theme to help reduce the civilian consumption of food

U-Boats

Was used to sink the Lusitania

A. Mitchell Palmer

attorney general who authorized anti-radical raids and deportations

Dogfights

battles in the air between individual pilots from opposing countries

Warren G. Harding

president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI

General Strike

strike by workers in many different industries at the same time

What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?

It rejected the notion of a League of Nations.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik Party

The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called _______

Nationalism

The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?

Nationalism and imperialism

Reparations

Payment for war damages

General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _______.

Remain in American units under American command

What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?

Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.

How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?

Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people?

Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.

Espionage

Spying to acquire government secrets

What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat?

The Battle of the Argonne Forest

What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?

The Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state

Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle?

The air, with dogfights between planes

Militarism

A buildup of a country's military

Armistice

A seize fire

How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?

Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.

Alvin York

American war hero; killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers when his soldiers took cover; won Congressional Medal of Freedom

Nationalism

Another word for jingoism

Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?

Because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy

Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?

Because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible

Where was the Western Front?

Between Germany and France

How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?

By creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together

John J. Pershing

Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace

What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?

Countries began to engage in militarism

J. Edgar Hoover

FBI directer who urged HUAC to hold public hearings on communist subversion to find communist sympathizers and fellow travelers to isolate them and their influence. FBI sends agents to infiltrate groups suspected of subversion and wiretoppa telephones

Czar Nicholas II

Forced to abdicate the throne when the Russian Revolution broke out

What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points?

Free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations

Ferdinand Foch

French commander of the allied forces that joined forces with the american expeditionary forces to fight as one

Contraband

Goods prohibited for shipment

Convoys

In an effort to safeguard American shipments, ___________ were used for safe passage

Cost of Living

the cost of purchasing goods and services essential for survival