American History II Chapter 27 NWCC

What did President Johnson's circle of advisers conclude, following the Tet Offensive? It was time to get the troops out as quickly as possible. Although suffering enormous casualties, the enemy's will to win had not lessened. The only way to win the war was to use nuclear weapons. The North Vietnamese were on the ropes and vulnerable to a massive American push.

Although suffering enormous casualties, the enemy's will to win had not lessened.

What happened in the Vietnamese village of My Lai in 1968? A Viet Cong ambush killed nearly 100 American soldiers. The United States captured secret documents proving the links between the American peace movement and the government in Hanoi. American soldiers massacred more than 200 men, women, and children. The Viet Cong suffered their worst defeat of the war.

American soldiers massacred more than 200 men, women, and children.

Arab nations placed an oil embargo on the United States in retaliation for Nixon toppling the Allende government in Chile. American support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War. American resistance to Egypt nationalizing the Suez Canal. American refiners refusing to use Arab tankers to transport oil.

American support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War.

What was the Ho Chi Minh Trail? An infiltration trail for North Vietnamese soldiers that ran through Laos and Cambodia A supply line that ran from China to North Vietnam An underground tunnel system used by the Viet Cong in Saigon A secret Communist supply route that ran through Thailand

An infiltration trail for North Vietnamese soldiers that ran through Laos and Cambodia

What was Nixon's southern strategy? North Vietnam could be defeated by capturing its southern provinces only. For the American economy to recover from stagflation, it had to look to the Southern hemisphere for new export opportunities. The scientific and technological edge of the United States had to be developed in the Sunbelt States in the south. By opposing forced school integration in southern states, he could shatter the Democratic party base there and make the American South staunchly Republican.

By opposing forced school integration in southern states, he could shatter the Democratic party base there and make the American South staunchly Republican.

What individual's announcement that there would be no victory in Vietnam led President Johnson to lament, "I have lost Mr. Average Citizen"? Former New York Mets manager Casey Stengel CBS news anchor Walter Cronkite Hollywood actor Jimmy Stewart Talk show host Johnny Carson

CBS news anchor Walter Cronkite

All of the following is true about Vietnamization, EXCEPT: It called for a generous immigration policy for Vietnamese. Better trained and better equipped Vietnamese units would assume the brunt of the fighting. American soldiers would return home. Public support at home would grow and anti-war protests would ebb off.It called for a generous immigration policy for Vietnamese.

It called for a generous immigration policy for Vietnamese.

What was the main difference between the platforms of Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy in 1968? McCarthy embraced the Great Society but Kennedy did not. Kennedy supported the idea of extensive executive branch powers, but McCarthy did not. Kennedy wanted an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam, but McCarthy preferred to seek a negotiated settlement. Kennedy received Johnson's endorsement but McCarthy did not.

Kennedy supported the idea of extensive executive branch powers, but McCarthy did not.

What happened at Jackson State and Kent State Universities in 1970? students marched quietly to mourn the victims of the My Lai Massacre. Young Americans for Freedom staged the largest pro-war demonstration in the history of the conflict. Catholic priests helped draft protesters burn their draft cards. National guard troops shot and killed six unarmed student protesters.

National guard troops shot and killed six unarmed student protesters.

What was the reaction of the U.S. Senate when the last troops returned from Cambodia? Senators repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. The Senate doubled the size of the American ground force in Vietnam. It passed a resolution for the United States to get out of Vietnam as quickly as possible. It called for a halt in bombing North Vietnam to spur negotiations.

Senators repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Why did Dolores Huerta quit teaching school? She was fired for supporting the United Farm Workers. She felt she had to do more to help the families of farm workers. She could not pass an English literacy test. She became pregnant.

She felt she had to do more to help the families of farm workers.

As president, Richard Nixon oversaw the formation of what government agency? The Job Corps Housing and Urban Development The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The Department of Education

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Why did the Tet Offensive weaken American support for the war? The government had been promising that victory was right around the corner. The Communist forces outfought the Americans. It became clear that China would intervene to protect North Vietnam. The offensive showed that North Vietnam's population could survive a lengthy and brutal war.

The government had been promising that victory was right around the corner.

All of the following is true about Native American activists in the 1960s, EXCEPT: They called for an end of the termination policy. They demanded improved education, economic, and health opportunities. They staged fish-ins to protest the violation of treaties through fish and game regulation. They demanded free access to Native American museums.

They demanded free access to Native American museums.

What was NOT a reason for Nixon to seek better relations with China? To further the cause of détente To push the Soviets to improve relations with the United States as well To reduce support for Communist insurgents in Southeast Asia To open new markets for American goods

To reduce support for Communist insurgents in Southeast Asia

The first "teach-in" protest against the Vietnam War happened in Berkeley in 1968. Harvard in 1962. Kent State University in 1971. University of Michigan in 1965.

University of Michigan in 1965.

Which Democrat, running for president in 1968, was closest to President Johnson's foreign and domestic policies? Former Alabama Governor George C. Wallace Minnesota Senator Eugene J. McCarthy Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy

Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey

The most pressing issue for Nixon upon taking office was Vietnam. civil rights. the environment. the federal deficit.

Vietnam.

Henry Kissinger who was German-born, insisted on being excluded in the great American "melting pot." claimed to represent Nixon's Silent Majority. aggravated the Republican Party's conservative constituents. as national security adviser and secretary of state helped to negotiate the cease-fire in Vietnam.

as national security adviser and secretary of state helped to negotiate the cease-fire in Vietnam.

George Wallace had a long track record as minister for agriculture. was a staunch Republican. campaigned on immigration reform. attacked the counterculture, the civil right movement, and the Great Society.

attacked the counterculture, the civil right movement, and the Great Society.

When traditional labor protests failed to work, César Chávez concentrated only on bread-and-butter concerns. attempted to mobilize public opinion. turned to violent tactics. tried to lead a secession movement from California.

attempted to mobilize public opinion.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized the president to take any measures necessary to repel attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam. called for economic and political reform in Vietnam rather than military escalation. mandated an increase in the number of U.S. advisers in Vietnam. forced the South Vietnamese government to hold honest elections.

authorized the president to take any measures necessary to repel attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam.

President Nixon's staff created the "Plumbers," a special investigations unit, that got rid of federal employees who were disloyal to the president. conducted dirty tricks against the Democrats. protected sensitive material from Soviet spies. made sure that friendly reporters got access to the president.

conducted dirty tricks against the Democrats.

When a socialist-Marxist government came to power in Chile, the United States upheld its treaty commitments and did nothing. tried to encourage it to follow a moderate course. sent in troops and overthrew it. disrupted the country's economy, producing chaos and a military coup.

disrupted the country's economy, producing chaos and a military coup.

In regards to Vietnam, President Johnson feared he would be blamed for "losing" the East Asian country to communism. felt strongly that Vietnam needed protection from Soviet aggression. suspected Communist China would stage a wider war on South Asia. argued forcefully for a quick withdrawal of American troops.

feared he would be blamed for "losing" the East Asian country to communism.

While Nixon was pledging to reduce American troop strength in Vietnam, he angered many Americans by announcing that the war was lost. invading Cambodia and Laos. using the FBI to break up antiwar groups. increasing training of secret police for South Vietnam.

invading Cambodia and Laos.

Nixon sought to reform the welfare system because he believed it was a waste of money. it broke up families and destroyed the work ethic. the Silent Majority would not stand for continuing the system. it gave recipients a reason to vote for the Democrats.

it gave recipients a reason to vote for the Democrats.

Hispanic-American leader César Chávez rose to prominence by leading a boycott of schools that punished students for speaking Spanish. becoming the first Mexican American to be elected mayor of a major city. organizing the union for farm workers. calling for a return of southwestern states to Mexico.

organizing the union for farm workers.

The War Powers Act prevented the president from involving the United States in war without authorization from Congress. authorized the president to use force when deemed necessary. attempted to amend the constitutional provision giving the president the power to make foreign policy. forced the United States to withdraw all troops from Vietnam.

prevented the president from involving the United States in war without authorization from Congress.

The Nixon Doctrine required countries threatened by communism to shoulder most of the military burden. reoriented America's foreign policy toward Europe. focused on the question of U.S. intervention in Latin America. emphasized a tightening of the American defense of Taiwan.

required countries threatened by communism to shoulder most of the military burden.

To dramatize the Indians' plight, American Indian Movement activists kidnapped the chief of police of Los Angeles and threatened to "scalp" him. gave whites bogus tickets for a one-way boat ride to go back to Europe. burned replicas of treaties between Indians and the federal government. seized Alcatraz Island and demanded to use it as a cultural center.

seized Alcatraz Island and demanded to use it as a cultural center.

In 1971, a new economic phenomenon emerged that became known as deflation. inflation. stagflation. capital flight.

stagflation.

What was CREEP? A rock band from the early 1970s. The nickname for the Israeli secret service. A code name for a joint operation of the United States and Pinochet's Chile. the acronym for Nixon's Re-election Committee.

the acronym for Nixon's Re-election Committee.

During the 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago the police indiscriminately attacked protesters and bystanders. the news media refused to cover the trouble in the streets. over 10,000 well-armed protestors descended on the city. a few protests marred an otherwise harmonious gathering.

the police indiscriminately attacked protesters and bystanders.

Operation Rolling Thunder convinced the North Vietnamese to begin seeking an opening for peace talks. to increase support for the Viet Cong. that American military power would eventually overwhelm their army. to reduce their presence in South Vietnam.

to increase support for the Viet Cong.

The original mission of COINTELPRO was? to infiltrate, spy on, discredit, and disrupt antiwar groups. to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail. To derail Barry Goldwater's Republican candidacy. to crack down on the international drug trade

to infiltrate, spy on, discredit, and disrupt antiwar groups.

Many Democrats objected to their 1972 presidential nominee, George McGovern, because they thought that he was too liberal. only a reluctant critic of the Vietnam War. a poorly educated embarrassment. a southern conservative who would cost them the black vote.

too liberal.

SALT I was an arms reduction treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States that had resulted from Nixon's détente strategy. Was a militant anti-war group that advocated armed resistance against the military industrial complex. was a black power organization that tried to organize the Black Panthers and Black Muslims into a larger nationwide militia. was the name for a new hallucinogenic drug that spread like wildfire in the counterculture of the 1970s.was an arms reduction treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States that had resulted from Nixon's détente strategy.

was an arms reduction treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States that had resulted from Nixon's détente strategy.

Nearly one-third of Mexican Americans in the United States during the 1960s worked as farm laborers. could not read English. lived in eastern cities. were illegal immigrants.

worked as farm laborers.