American History Unit: 1. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA
How many enslaved people traveled the Middle Passage?
Approximately 12.5 million.
Who was the first Englishman to successfully sail around the world?
Francis Drake.
Why was Roger Williams banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
He believed the government had no authority over religious matters.
When did the United States ban the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade?
In 1808.
In which regions of the Americas did slavery occur?
In the North, Middle, and Southern Colonies, as well as the Caribbean.
How do archaeologists believe nomadic tribes arrived in the Americas?
By crossing the Bering Strait from Asia.
Who were the French explorers that helped map regions of North America?
Cartier, Joliet, Marquette, and LaSalle.
What kind of leadership structures did many Indigenous nations have?
Chiefs and/or Councils of Elders.
What were some of the motivations behind exploring the New World?
Direct trade routes, powerful monarchs bringing stability, and the demand for exotic goods.
Why did Germans migrate to America?
Due to religious persecution, warfare, and heavy taxation.
Why did the Scotch-Irish migrate to America?
Economic hardships and restrictions on trade.
How was the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade different from previous forms of slavery?
It was tied to race and made a lifelong condition passed to descendants.
Who led the Georgia colony?
James Oglethorpe.
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown.
Who was the leader of the Jamestown colony?
John Smith
Who was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
John Winthrop.
Who led the New Jersey colony?
Lord Berkeley.
In which colonies was religious toleration guaranteed?
Maryland and Rhode Island.
How were the Indigenous peoples of the Northeast and Southeast similar?
They collaborated to grow, distribute, and hunt for food.
What term describes those who broke away from the Catholic Church, such as John Calvin?
Protestants.
Who was the leader of Rhode Island?
Roger Williams.
How were the Iroquois people structured?
They had an effective military and governing structure.
Why did the French Huguenots migrate to America?
They were persecuted for their faith.
Who led the Connecticut colony?
Thomas Hooker.
What were Oglethorpe's two main reasons for founding Georgia?
To act as a buffer against Spanish expansion and provide a new life for prisoners.
Why did Henry the Navigator fund Portuguese exploration?
To find a direct trade route to India and Asia
Who led the Plymouth colony?
William Bradford.
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn.
What were two major effects of Spanish colonization on Indigenous peoples?
Spread of disease and forced conversion to Catholicism.
Who were the founders of Maryland?
The Calverts.
Who led the New York colony?
The Duke of York.
What industry helped establish New France?
The fur trade
What made settlers want to move to New Netherlands?
The promise of religious freedom.
How long did the warfare between Christians and Muslims last during the Crusades?
Nearly 200 years.
What animals were introduced to the Americas by the Spanish?
Pigs, horses, and goats.
