american lit
What are Washington Irving's two most famous stories?
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle."
Vincent Carretta is the scholar who found information suggesting that Equiano may have been born in the Carolinas. The two pieces of evidence are:
1) baptismal record and 2) muster records
What connections exist between George Washington and Washington Irving?
1. Washington Irving was named after George Washington. 2. In "Rip Van Winkle," the image of King George is replaced with George Washington. 3. As a boy, Washington Irving met George Washington in New York City. 4. Irving wrote a five-volume biography about George Washington.
1.___________________________________2.Strange others (food, culture, manners, etc.)3.Violence4.Lessons Learned5.Details about being freed6.Stereotypes challenged7.Shock value8.Sometimes used for propaganda
Characteristics of Captivity Narratives
o Local Color o Katherine O'Flaherty o Irish, Catholic, French influences o St. Louis, Missouri o New Orleans, Louisiana o Creole, Cajun culture o Assumption Parish o Acadians o Alcée o Clarisse o Bruce o Calixta o Bôbinot o Madame Valmondé o Desireé o Armand o Brently Mallard o Louise Mallard
Chopin
• "Oh! she remembered; for in Assumption had had kissed her and kissed and kissed her; until his senses would well nigh fail, and to save her he would resort to a desperate flight. If she was not an immaculate dove in those days, she was still inviolate; a passionate creature whose very defenselessness had made her defense, against which his honor forbade him to prevail. Now-- well, now--her lips seemed in a manner free to be tasted..."
Chopin
• "So the storm passed and every one was happy."
Chopin
• "Then a strange, an awful change in her husband's manner, which she dared not ask him to explain. When he spoke to her, it was with averted eyes, from which the old love-light seemed to have gone out. He absented himself from home; and when there, avoided her presence and that of her child, without excuse. And the very spirit of Satan seemed suddenly to take hold of him in his dealings with the slaves."
Chopin
• "When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: 'free, free, free!' "
Chopin
o Roderick Usher o Madeline Usher o Baltimore
Edgar Allan Poe
• "During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was—but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit"
Edgar Allan Poe
• "From that chamber, and from that mansion, I fled aghast. The storm was still abroad in all its wrath as I found myself crossing the old causeway. Suddenly there shot along the path a wild light, and I turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could have issued—for the vast house and its shadows were alone behind me. The radiance was that of the full, setting, and blood-red moon, which now shone vividly through that once barely-discernible fissure...there was a long tumultuous shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters—and the deep and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over the fragments of the 'House of Usher' "
Edgar Allan Poe
"I have already acquainted the reader with the time and place of my birth. My father, besides many slaves, had a numerous family, of which seven lived to grow up, including myself and a sister, who was the only daughter. As I was the youngest of the sons, I became, of course, the greatest favorite with my mother, and was always with her; and she used to take particular pains to form my mind. I was trained up from my earliest years in the art of war: my daily exercise was shooting and thowing javelins; and my mother adorned me with emblems, after the manner of our greatest warriors. In this way I grew up till I was turned the age of eleven, when an end was put to my happinesss in the following manner..."
Equiano
his captivity narrative helped put an end to the slave ______________ in England o Essaka: claims he is from this "charming, fruitful vale." o first enslaved by Africans, but he points out one key difference between African slavery and European slavery. What's the difference? _______________________________ o visited places such as Jamaica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Rome, and Turkey, but he never returned to visit __________________. o George Whitefield: encountered this famous itinerant minister in Philadelphia in 1766 (saw him preach and wrote about the event, and another famous captivity narrative by a free African, John Marrant, discusses being dramatically converted during a Whitefield meeting and then being taken captive by Native Americans. When we get to Phillis Wheatley, you'll see that she also has connections to this famous preacher.)
Equiano
• "This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died- thus falling victims to the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable, and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell..."
Equiano
" 'My Faith is gone!' cried he, after one stupefied moment. 'There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given' "
Nathaniel Hawthorne
" 'When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best-beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and lo! on every visage a black veil!' "
Nathaniel Hawthorne
"Often, awakening suddenly at midnight, he shrank from the bosom of Faith, and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled, and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned away. And when he had lived long, and was borne to his grave, a hoary corpse, followed by [his wife], an aged woman, and children and grand-children, a goodly procession, besides neighbors, not a few, they carved no hopeful verse upon his tomb-stone; for his dying hour was gloom"
Nathaniel Hawthorne
o Salem, Massachusetts o Sophia Peabody: Transcendentalist painter; wife o Transcendentalists in Concord (Emerson, Thoreau) o Allegory: a narrative in which characters, places, things, and events represent general qualities and their interactions are meant to reveal a general or abstract truth. o Young Goodman Brown o Faith Brown o Mr. Hooper o Elizabeth
Nathaniel Hawthorne
"About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life on Feb. 18, 1675. It was nine days from the first wounding, in this miserable condition, without any refreshing of one nature or other, except a little cold water. I cannot but take notice how at another time I could not bear to be in the room where any dead person was, but now the case is changed; I must and could lie down by my dead babe, side by side all the night after. I have thought since of the wonderful goodness of God to me in preserving me in the use of my reason and senses in that distressed time, that I did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life..."
Rowlandson
"At length they came and beset our own house, and quickly it was the dolefulest day that ever mine eyes saw"
Rowlandson
"On the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster..."
Rowlandson
"The thoughts of these things in the particulars of them, and of the love and goodness of God towards us, make it true of me, what David said of himself, 'I watered my Couth with my tears' (Psalm 6.6). Oh! The wonderful power of God that mine eyes have seen, affording matter enough for my thoughts to runin, that when others are sleeping mine eyes are weeping"
Rowlandson
o________________, Massachusetts: Mary Rowlandson's home where she was taken captiveoIncrease Mather: wrote the preface to Rowlandson's captivity narrative; his son Cotton Mather also published captivity narrativesoMary Rowlandson: launched the American Captivity Narrative genreoTypology: interpreting types and symbols, especially from Scripture; Rowlandson applied the situations of biblical characters to her own predicamentoPuritans in America: Typology, Personal Revelation from the Bible, American Utopia, Hard Work (Puritan Work Ethic), BackslidingoCaptivity Narrative: genre of American literature that developed into the _____________genreoTULIP (Calvinism): Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, Perseverance of the Saints
Rowlandson
"And it was the sin of drunkenness that has brought this destruction and untimely death upon him. There is a dreadful woe denounced from the Almighty against drunkards; and it is this sin, this abominable, this beastly and accursed sin of drunkenness, that has stript us of every desirable comfort in this life; by this we are poor, miserable and wretched..."
Samson Occom
"By the melancholy providence of God, and at the earnest desire and invitation of the poor condemned criminal, I am here before this great concourse of people at this time, to give the last discourse to the poor miserable object who is to be executed this day before your eyes, for the due reward of his folly, and madness, and enormous wickedness"
Samson Occom
o Mohegan--"Born in a wigwam on Mohegan land near New London, Connecticut (284) o Started schools o Studied herbal medicine o Composted hymns o Wrote petitions on behalf of natives to the government o 1751 married Mary Fowler, a former student o Ten children o Ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church o Connections to Phillis Wheatley and George Whitefield o Countess of Huntingdon = patroness o Dartmouth houses archives on Occom
Samson Occom
• "You are the bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh. You are an Indian, a despised creature; but you have despised yourself; yea, you have despised God more; you have trodden under foot his authority; you have despised his commands and precepts: and now, God says, 'be sure your sins will find you out; so now, poor Moses, your sins have found you out, and they have overtaken you this day; the day of your death is now come..."
Samson Occom
"Brom Bones too, who shortly after his rival's disappearance conducted the blooming Katrina in triumph to the altar, was observed to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related, and always burst into a hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin, which led some to suspect that he knew more about the matter than he chose to tell."
Sleepy Hollow- Irving
"He recognized on the sign, however, the ruby face of King George, under which he had smoked so many a peaceful pipe; but even this was singularly metamorphosed. The red coat was changed for one of blue and buff, a sword was held in the hand instead of a sceptre, the head was decorated with a cocked hat, and underneath was painted in large characters, GEORGE WASHINGTON."
Washington Irving
• "He was a patriot attached to the soil—a prince true to his subjects and indignant of their wrongs—a soldier, daring in battle, firm in adversity, patient of fatigue, of hunger, of every variety of bodily suffering, and ready to perish in the cause he had espoused. Proud of heart and with an untamable love of natural liberty, he preferred to enjoy it among the beasts of the forests or in the dismal and famished recesses of swamps and morasses rather than bow his spirit to submission and live dependent and despised in the ease and luxury of the settlements."
Washington Irving
▪ Katrina Van Tassel ▪ Dame Van Tassel ▪ Ichabod Crane ▪ Cotton Mather ▪ Increase Mather ▪ Brom Bones ▪ Rip Van Winkle ▪ Dame Van Winkle ▪ Judith Gardiner ▪ Rip Junior ▪ Diedrich Knickerbocker ▪ George Washington ▪ American Revolution ▪ Dutch ▪ Matilda Hoffman ▪ Connecticut Yankee ▪ New York ▪ England ▪ Spain
Washington Irving
"'TWAS mercy brought me from my Pagan land,Taught my benighted soul to understandThat there's a God, that there's a Saviour too:Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.Some view our sable race with scornful eye,"Their colouris a diabolic die."Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,May be refin'd, and join the' angelic train."
Wheatley
"Celestial choir! Enthroned in realms of light,Columbia's scenes of glorious toils I write."
Wheatley
"Hail happy Saint on thy immortal throne!/To thee complaints of grievance are unknown;"
Wheatley
oJohn Hancock: one of the witnesses for Wheatley's "trial"oThe ______________________: slave ship that brought Phillis Wheatley to AmericaoGeorge ___________________: famous itinerant preacher; Wheatley's elegyabout him made her famousoGeorge ___________________: Wheatley sent her poem, "To His Excellency General Washington" to Washington, and he invited her to meet himoUniversity of Cambridge (now Harvard): Wheatley addresses these students in her poem, "To the University of Cambridge in New England"
Wheatley
" 'Mother, I'm going East! I like big red apples, and I want to ride on the iron horse! Mother, say yes!' I pleaded"
Zitkala-Ša
" 'She will need an education when she is grown, for then there will be fewer real Dakotas, and many more palefaces. This tearing her away, so young, from her mother is necessary, if I would have her an educated woman. The palefaces, who owe us a large debt for stolen lands, have begun to pay a tardy justice in offering some education to our children. But I know my daughter must suffer keenly in this experiment' "
Zitkala-Ša
"Before I went to bed I begged the Great Spirit to make my mother willing I should go with the missionaries"
Zitkala-Ša
"We were once very happy. But the paleface has stolen our lands and driven us hither. Having defrauded us of our land, the paleface forced us away"
Zitkala-Ša
"Yet I wonder who shall come to welcome me in the realm of strange sight. Will the loving Jesus grant me pardon and give my soul a soothing sleep? or will my warrior father greet me and receive me his son? Will my spirit fly upward to a happy heaven? or shall I sink into the bottomless pit, an outcast from a God of infinite love?"
Zitkala-Ša
• South Dakota (born here) • White's Manual Institute (Quaker school in Indiana) • Earlham College (Indiana) • Warca-Ziwin (Sunflower) grown-up cousin of the narrator • Mother • Dawée (big brother) • Judéwin (friend) • Red apples • Iron horse (train)
Zitkala-Ša