AMH Unit 2 Test
"We found ourselves rather pressed, the Ohio Company appeared to purchase a large tract of the federal lands, about 6 or 7 million of acres— ;and we wanted to abolish the old system and get a better one for the Government of the Country— ;and we finally found it necessary to adopt the best system we could get. . . . When I drew the ordinance which passed (in a few words excepted) as I originally formed it, I had no idea the States would agree to the sixth Art. prohibiting Slavery— ; as only [Massachusetts] of the Eastern States was present—; and therefore omitted it in the draft—; but finding the House favourably disposed on this subject, after we had completed the other parts I moved the art—; which was agreed to without opposition." -Source: Nathan Dane, in a letter to Rufus King after the passage of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, 1787 Which of the following describes an accomplishment of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
It established procedures by which territories could become states.
Read the passage below and answer the following question. "The American Revolution launched an idea of popular sovereignty that, together with the cost of the war, helped to provoke the downfall of the French monarchy. The French Revolution, dramatic as was its influence on the Old World, also became a fundamental event in the New World because it was eventually to challenge slavery as well as royal power." Robin Blackburn, historian, "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution", William and Mary Quarterly, 2006 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that the American Revolution had on France?
It helped to inspire the French Revolution
The Federalist was a series of essays written by __________.
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
"Whereas, the honorable House of Commons in England have of late drawn into question how far the General Assembly of this colony hath power to enact laws for laying of taxes and imposing duties, payable by the people of this, his majesty's most ancient colony: . . . the House of Burgesses of this present General Assembly have come to the following resolves:-- . . . Resolved, That . . . without interruption enjoyed the inestimable right of being governed by such laws, respecting their internal polity and taxation, as are from their own consent, with the approbation of their sovereign, or his substitute; and that the same hath never been forfeited or yielded up, but hath been constantly recognized by the kings and people of Great Britain." -Source: Patrick Henry, Virginia Resolves, 1765 The author of this excerpt was most likely inspired by which of the following movements?
The Enlightenment
"It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself." -Source: The Federalist Papers, No. 51, 1788 How were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists able to reach a compromise to ratify the Constitution?
The Federalists guaranteed that they would vote to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution as a series of Amendments.
How are the Quasi-War and the XYZ Affair related?
The XYZ Affair led to the Quasi-War between the United States and France.
"Should all the states adopt it, it will be then a government established by the thirteen states of America, not through the intervention of the legislatures, but by the people at large. . . . Thus it is of a complicated nature; and this complication, I trust, will be found to exclude the evils of absolute consolidation, as well as of a mere confederacy. If Virginia was separated from all the states, her power and authority would extend to all cases: in like manner, were all powers vested in the general government, it would be a consolidated government; but the powers of the federal government are enumerated; it can only operate in certain cases; it has legislative powers on defined and limited objects, beyond which it cannot extend its jurisdiction." -Source: James Madison, in defense of the proposed Constitution at the Virginia state convention on the adoption of the Federal Constitution, 1788 Which of the following pieces of evidence from the Constitution would support the argument in the excerpt?
The commerce clause
How were women affected by the political ideas of the American Revolution?
The ideas caused them to be more assertive about their roles in the family
Why did many African Americans in the North take up arms to fight the British?
They felt that the Americans were more likely to free them from slavery if they sided with them.
"In my opinion it would be both just and proper to declare the treaty with France to be void--but I think it would be more advisable to direct reprisals than to declare war at present, for the public mind does not appear to me to be quite prepared for it. . . . Whenever the mass of our people are convinced that the war would be just, necessary, and unavoidable, they will be content that it should be declared, and will support it vigorously, but I doubt whether that conviction however well founded, is as yet so prevailing and general as it ought to be. . . ." -Source: John Jay, letter to William North, 1798 The excerpt best reflects which of the following?
disagreements over whether to engage in military disputes with European countries
Shays's Rebellion involved __________.
discontented farmers in Massachusetts
"By interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, [we] entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice. . . . It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." -Source: George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following issues of the period was Washington most likely concerned within the excerpt?
engagement in European conflicts
"It is . . . . agreed that the western boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the river Mississippi, from the northern boundary of the said states to the completion of the thirty-first degree of latitude north of the equator. And his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said river, in its whole breadth from its source to the ocean, shall be free only to his subjects and the citizens of the United States. . . ." -Source: Pinckney's Treaty, Article IV, 1795 The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?
how the United States dealt with the presence of Spanish colonies in North America diplomatically
The Bank of the United States was based on the doctrine of __________.
implied powers
The Whiskey Rebellion __________.
increased Republican electoral strength along the frontier
"If the Sons (so degenerate) the Blessing despise,Let the Daughters of Liberty, nobly arise,And tho' we've no Voice, but a negative here.The use of the Taxables, let us forbear,(Then Merchants import till yr. Stores are all fullMay the Buyers by few and yr. Traffick be dull.)Stand firmly resolved, and bid Grenville to seeThat rather than Freedom, we'll part with our TeaAnd well as we love the dear Draught when adry,As American Patriots, --our Taste we deny . . . ."-Source: Hannah Griffitts, The Female Patriots, Address'd to the Daughters of Liberty in America, 1768Poems like the excerpt were most likely a challenge to which of the following?
new taxes like the Stamp Act
The fundamental issue leading to the Boston Massacre in 1770 was the __________.
presence of so many British troops in American cities
"To describe the present state and circumstances of the Union we may declare in one word that we are at the Eve of a Bankruptcy and of a total dissolution of Government. Since the close of the war there has not been paid into the general Treasury as much money as was necessary for one years interest of the domestic and foreign debt and Congress have been reduced to the dreadful alternative of borrowing principal to pay interest. Our efforts at home to this end were ineffectual abroad where we were not known and, where enthusiasm for liberty has enrolled us among the most deserving of mankind, we were more successful. The deception cannot much longer be kept up and unless something can be done before the close of the ensuing year we must cease to be a unified government." -Source: William Blount, speech to the General Assembly of North Carolina, 1787 The excerpt was most likely intended to increase public support for which of the following?
ratifying the US Constitution
The Judiciary Act of 1789 __________.
set up a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices
According to the Kentucky Resolutions, __________.
states had the right to nullify federal law under certain circumstances
Hamilton's Report on the Public Credit recommended __________.
that the federal government assume remaining state debts
The radical American group that first emerged during the Stamp Act crisis was known as __________.
the Sons of Liberty
As a result of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, __________.
the United States asserted its authority on the western frontier
"If the principles on which the present civil war is carried on by the American colonies, against the British arms, were universally adopted and practiced upon by mankind, they would turn a vale of tears, into a paradise of God: whereas opposite principles, and a conduct founded upon them, has filled the world with blood and slaughter, with rapine and violence, with cruelty and injustices, with wretchedness, poverty, horror, desolation, and despair: We cannot therefore doubt, that the cause of liberty, united with that of truth & righteousness, is the cause of God." -Source: Abraham Keteltas, God Arising and Pleading His People's Cause, 1777 The ideas about liberty expressed by the author are most consistent with which of the following?
the beliefs of the First Great Awakening
"They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger. . . The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. . . . The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come." -Patrick Henry, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death," 1775
the colonists' ideological commitment to involvement in the American Revolution
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 Which of the following developments in the 1780s best represents a logical extension of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
the direct election of representatives in the House of Representatives
The most important result of the Annapolis Meeting of 1786 was __________.
the nationalists' recommendation to Congress for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation
"Instead of a powerful nation-state with imperial pretensions, the government established under the Articles of Confederation was not really much of a government at all, but rather a diplomatic conference where the sovereign states, each of which regarded itself as an autonomous nation, met to coordinate a domestic version of foreign policy. It was, in effect, designed to be weak, and lacked altogether the authority to manage a burgeoning empire." -Source: Joseph J. Ellis, historian, American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic, 2007 According to the excerpt and your knowledge of history, what was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?
to create a weak national government with a unicameral legislature and no executive branch
Which of the following statements best explains the reason that the British government passed the Proclamation of 1763?
to limit costly conflicts over access to land between American colonists and indigenous communities
The three-fifths rule concerned the issue of __________.
whether to count slaves as part of the population
