AMSECT Questions(25)/Basic Science Practice Exam 18'
10. If the diffusion coefficient for oxygen is 1, the diffusion coefficient for carbon dioxide is:
20.3
13. Diagonal coronary arteries supply the:
anterior wall of the LV
5. The normal arterio-venous oxygen difference is approximately:
5 volumes percent
41. A decrease in platelet function is indicated by which TEG parameter?
MA-value
Which of the following can cause an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption in a normal heart?
all of the above: Ca ions Digitalis Epi
31. Atrial myxomas are primarily located:
intraseptal
58. The formula for systemic vascular resistance (SVR)is:
(MAP-RAP)/CO.
Which of the following is the half dose Hammersmith for aprotonin that is recommended for pump prime?
1,000,000 KIU
Which of the following potentiates the toxic effects of digitalis
calcium
71. A hemodynamic effect of pulsatile perfusion is:
decreased PVR
What percentage of the total blood volume is contained in the pulmonary circulation?
0.1%
Molecules with a molecular mass below 10,000 Daltons have a sieving coefficient of ________ ?
1
What is the half-life of aprotonin?
2 hrs
60. The blood volume of a normal, healthy, nine-pound newborn approximates:
300mL
57. In order to achieve a concentration of 30 mEq/l KCl (ignoring patient serum K+) in a cardioplegia solution using a 1:1 blood:crystalloid cardioplegia administration set, how much KCl must be added to 0.9% NaCl to make 1 liter of the crystalloid solution?
30mEq
56. The dilutional hematocrit for a 70 kg male with a pre-bypass hematocrit of 45% undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with an extracorporeal circuit prime of 2.0 liters would be:
31%
70. Intrathoracic chemotherapeutic perfusion temperatures should be maintained between which of these ranges?
40-41 degrees C
40. The minimum ACT prior to initiating normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is:
400 sec
Systemic vascular resistance is approximately _________ times higher than pulmonary vascular resistance
6 to 7
59. The approximate blood volume (in liters) of an adult patient can be calculated by multiplying the body weight in kilograms by:
8%
53. In coagulation monitoring, kaolin is used in the measurement of:
ACT
9. A sample of blood cooled from 37oC will undergo which of the following changes?
CO2 becomes more soluble and PaCO2 decreases
25. Which of the following anesthetic agents has the shortest duration of action?
Diprivan (propofol)
75. Which of the following is a reported disadvantage of cerebral saturation monitoring using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Technology:
Extra-cranial blood saturation is included in the measurements.
43. For optimal decompression utilizing a dual-staged venous cannula, the tip of the cannula should lie in the:
IVC
7. A characteristic of the oxygen-dissociation curve for fetal hemoglobin is that:
It shifts to the left of the maternal curve
2. The primary structural units of proteins are:
L-amino acids
35. Ventricular septal rupture in adults is most often the result of a(n):
MI
________ Law states that the resistance of blood flow in a vessel is directly proportional to the blood viscosity and length of the vessel, but it is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius.
Poiseuille's.
24. Cephalosporins have little antimicrobial activity against:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
54. An instrument that measures coagulation from the fluid state until clot lysis occurs is a(n):
TEG device
3. Which clotting factor is activated by contact with foreign surfaces, roughened vascular walls, and platelet aggregates?
XII (hageman)
20. The effect of a calcium channel-blocking drug is:
a marked decrease in transmembrane calcium
Which of the following is/are normal response(s) to hypokalemia?
alkalosis flat or inverted T waves
In which of the following condition(s) may there be a presence of a U wave
all of above: cardiomyopathy decreases serum calcium decrease potassium
Which of the following is/are treatment(s) of cyanide toxicity due to high dose administration of sodium nitroprusside?
all of above: infusion of sodium nitrite sodium thiosulfate admin. of amyl nitrate
Which of the following are considered as cannulation site(s) for liver transplant?
all of the above: femoral vein axillary vein portal vein
32. Reduced coronary blood flow can result in:
an elevation of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK-MB)
18. The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated by:
antibody-antigen reactions
64. Administration of fresh frozen plasma may be indicated during routine cardiopulmonary bypass for:
antithrombin III (AT3) deficiency
Which of the following beta-antagonist(s) is/are primarily metabolized in the kidney?
atenolol
29. The most common site of traumatic aortic disruption due to deceleration injury is:
between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum.
19. Which of the following is NOT a normal route for blood return directly to the interior of the heart?
bronchial veins
49. Extracorporeal microfiber filtration is most frequently employed in the following location during adult cardiopulmonary bypass:
cardiotomy reservoir
12. The obtuse marginal artery is a branch of the:
circumflex artery
39. Which of the following is the most accurate enzymatic measurement for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
creatine kinase-MB
23. The cardiovascular effects of Inocor (amrinone) include:
decreased pulmonary artery pressure
62. In a patient with an acute Type A aortic dissection and a history of coronary artery disease, which of the following would best reduce the risk of postoperative organ and neurologic deficits?
deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest and cerebral perfusion.
50. Which flow meter uses acoustics to measure blood flow?
doppler
Which of the following term(s) refer to cardiac conduction velocity?
dromotropism
69. During isolated limb perfusion, systemic pressure is maintained higher than limb perfusion pressure to prevent:
drug leakage
48. In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, arterial cannulation is performed via the:
ductus arteriosus
Which of the following beta-antagonist(s) has the shortest half-life?
esmolol
63. Monitoring the effect of heparin instead of the heparin concentration would be more beneficial in which of the following clinical scenarios?
extreme hemodilution
Central cyanosis is described as a normal O2 saturation measurement in the central aorta with blood becoming sluggish in the distal capillary beds, usually in the extremities. T/F
false
17. The conformational change of the platelet structure that occurs when stimulated by exposure to foreign surfaces is best described as a:
globular form with pseudopodia
Which of the following molecule(s) would be removed during ultrafiltration
glucose potassium
Which of the following conditions results in dilated and depressed myocardium and an A-V block of electrical impulse?
hyperkalemia
28. Digitalis preparations are most commonly used to:
increase myocardial contractility and control atrial arrhythmias.
16. The main function of an enzyme is to:
increase the rate of biochemical reaction
73. Acute cerebral ischemia induced by air embolus is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
increased EEG activity
26. Which of the following effects does NOT occur with morphine sulfate?
increased peripheral vascular resistance
74. Which of the following is NOT done during resuscitation for CPB induced air embolus?
induction of hypotension
67. When monitored from the femoral site, the balloon-augmented wave form will appear as which of the following when properly timed?
inflation on time
45. An essential design feature of a single-pass blood cardioplegia system is a:
infusion pressure relief valve.
52. The activated clotting time (ACT) measures blood coagulation initiated by which one of the following?
intrinsic pathway
1. The right coronary artery is said to be dominant when:
it gives rise to the PDA (posterior descending artery)
15. A characteristic of leukocytes is that they are:
larger than platelets
11. In 85-95% of patients, the circumflex artery supplies the:
lateral aspect of the left ventricle
30. Obstruction of blood flow through the mitral valve would most likely be caused by a:
left atrial myxoma
34. The anastomoses during cardiac transplantation most commonly occur in the following order:
left atrium, right atrium, pulmonary artery, aorta.
A rise in RA (right atrium) sats by 8-10% would indicate:
left to right shunt at atrial level
38. The most frequent cause of cardiogenic shock is:
left ventricular infarction
8. At a given pO2, increasing the pCO2 results in:
less oxygen bound to the hemoglobin
4. The effect of plasmin is to:
limit clotting by splitting fibrin
36. Myocardial infarction is defined as:
local tissue death
46. Which of the following will minimize air emboli from a cardiotomy reservoir?
maintenance of a constant fluid level in the cardiotomy.
6. Oxygen delivery will be decreased when a low venous oxygen tension and high venous oxyhemoglobin saturation are present due to:
metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following calcium channel blocker is the most potent, causing the greatest amount of coronary and systemic vasodilation?
nifedipine
27. Which of the following drugs increases the tolerance of the brain to global ischemia when administered prior to the ischemic episode?
pentothal (thiopental)
22. Persantine (dipyridamole)interferes with the function of:
platelets
33. Myocardial stunning can be defined as:
post ischemic contractile dysfunction in the absence of morphological injury or necrosis.
Which of the following can cause orthostatic hypotension?
prazocin
55. Inability to adequately anticoagulate with heparin during cardiac surgery may be due to all of the following EXCEPT:
preoperative heparin therapy.
51. The main function of the air bubble detector is to:
prevent massive arterial air embolism
42. As defined by OSHA Standards for Bloodborne Pathogens, which of the following represents an engineering control?
puncture resistant containers for sharps
61. Which sites are recommended for monitoring arterial pressures during left heart bypass for repairs of the descending aorta?
radial and femoral
66. Counterpulsation assists the failing heart by:
raising the diastolic pressure.
The impedance of blood flow through a vascular bed is:
resistance
72. Access to the mitral valve during minimally invasive surgery is through a:
right mini thoracotomy
Which of the following are commonly cyanotic lesions:
right to left shunts and pulmonary stenosis
44. Cannulation of the aortic arch near the origin of the first great vessel is associated with:
selective hyper perfusion of the head
21. The most significant side effect of Calan (verapamil) is:
severe AV block
47. The difference between total cardiopulmonary bypass and partial cardiopulmonary bypass is that:
the bronchial venous return is the only systemic venous return entering the left heart during total cardiopulmonary bypass
37. The tissue in a true ventricular aneurysm is composed of:
thinned myocardium exhibiting paradoxical systolic expansion.
Which of the following is not considered a diuretic
trimethaphan
The Fick principle states the rate of diffusion of a gas is proportional to the partial pressure gradient of the gas in the direction of diffusion. T/F
true
14. Which arterial wall layer is composed of lamellae of smooth muscle and elastic tissue?
tunica media
65. A contraindication for red cell salvage is:
use of microfibrillar collagen hemostat.
68. During ECMO support, heparin requirements will increase:
when platelets are administered