ANAT 2
False
Abduction occurs when a bone moves toward the midline
False
All bones develop in a process whereby hyaline cartilage models are replaced by bone tissue.
facial (VII)
All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the _ __ cranial nerve.
trigeminal or trigeminal (V) or V
Almost all muscles that move the mandible are innervated by the cranial nerve called the
1-Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells. 2-A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed. 3-Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified. 4-Thin layers of compact bone form near the periosteum; spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center. 5-Medullary cavity is formed. 6-Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone
Put the following in correct order for endochondral ossification. -Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells. -A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed. -Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified. -Thin layers of compact bone form near the periosteum; spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center. -Medullary cavity is formed. -Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone tissue of the epiphyses.
platys-circular
Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Ligaments
Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are
True
Styloglossus is a tongue muscle.
Sella Turcica
The Ethmoid bone does not contain
mastoid
The _ _ process of the temporal bone is a rounded projection posterior to the external auditory meatus that is a site of attachment for several neck muscles.
sternothyroid
The _____ muscle extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage and acts to depress the larynx.
sternocleidomastoid
The _____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.
mandibular
The ________ branch of the trigeminal nerve is the largest, and exits the cranium through the foramen ovale.
trapezius
The ________ muscle covers most of the surface area of the upper back.
talus
The ankle bone that articulates with both lower leg bones is called the
iliofemoral
The arrow is pointing to the _______ ligament.
Pubofemoral ligament
The articular capsule of the hip joint is one of the strongest in the body. It consists partially of
clavicle
The bone illustrated is the .
ischial tuberosity
The bony prominence that becomes sore when sitting in long lectures on hard chairs is the
blood vessels (and nerves)
The central canal of an osteon contains
True
The cervical curve is convex anteriorly.
true
The clavicle articulates with the acromion and the manubrium.
endosteum
The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is
a site of muscle attachment
The coracoid process of the scapula is
periosteum.
The covering on the outside of bone is called
intrinsic laryngeal muscles
The cricothyroid muscle is a muscle from which muscle group?
acetabulum
The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the coxal bone is the _____.
transversus abdominis.
The deepest layer of the abdominal muscles is the
hyoid bone
The diagastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles all attach to what bone?
Lateral
The distal end of the fibula forms the _ _ malleolus.
Olecranon fossa
The elbow "locks into" a posterior depression on the distal end of the humerus called the
in a young bone, the site of growth in length
The epiphyseal plate is
ulnaris
The extensor carpi _______ muscle extends and adducts the wrist.
Sphenoid
The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory information from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?
False
The flexibility and compressive strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.
True
The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers
posterior leg
The flexor hallucis longus muscle lies on the ________.
anterior arm
The flexor pollicis longus muscle lies on the ________.
serratus anterior
The following muscles all insert on the scapula. Which one does NOT adduct the scapula?
****none of these choices **** contributes to the sagittal suture forms part of the floor of the orbit articulates with the mandible
The frontal bone
none of these choices
The frontal bone: -contributes to the sagittal suture -forms part of the floor of the orbit -articulates with the mandible -none of these choices
True
The glossopharyngeal nerves pass through the jugular foramena.
true
The glossopharyngeal nerves pass through the jugular foramena.(T/F)
True
The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate.
Acetabulum
The head of the femur fits into this feature of the pelvis.
True
The head of the ulna is on the distal end of the bone (True/False).
hyoid
The illustrated bone is the _____?
True
The inferior constrictor, middle constrictor, and superior constrictor are muscles that move the wall of the pharynx, assisting with the movement of food and liquid into the esophagus. (T/F)
is classified functionally as a synarthrosis
The joint between the parietal and frontal bones _________.
Occipital condyles and atlas
The joint that allows you to nod your head "Yes" is found between these structures.
Atlas and axis
The joint that allows you to shake your head "No" is found between these structures.
patellofemoral
The knee joint, the largest joint, is actually three joints: two tibiofemoral joints and one ____________ joint.
Radius
The lateral styloid process is a feature of which of the following bones?
anterior cruciate
The line is pointing to the _______ ligament.
False
The lumbar curve is concave anteriorly.
The condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment.
The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.
True
The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible.
False
The metaphysis is the tubular shaft of a long bone.
Floating ribs
The most inferior ribs are classified as
protraction
The movement of the mandible in a forward direction parallel to the ground is called _____.
spinales.
The muscle group nearest the vertebral column is the
Psoas major
The muscle indicated by line A is the
false
The muscle indicated by line D can extend the spine.
True
The muscle indicated by line E is the external oblique. T/F
anterior and posterior
The muscles of the arm (brachium) are divided into which of the following compartments
Extend, Flex
The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg
adductors of the thigh
The muscles that originate on the anterior surface of the pubic bone are
rotator cuff.
The muscles that support the shoulder and limit its movement range are collectively called
gomphosis
The name of the type of joint where a tooth fits into a socket is _____.
divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis
The nutrient artery of a long bone
False
The olecranon, which forms the prominence of the elbow, is located on the distal end of the humerus
metacarpal bones.
The palms of the hand are made up of
completely enclosed in a tendon
The patella has an/is
distal, femur
The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the _____ end of the _____.
sacrum
The pelvis includes which bone of the axial skeleton?
True
The posterior fontanel is at the junction of the future lambdoid and sagittal sutures.
thoracic, sacral, concave
The primary curves of the vertebral column are the __________ and the _________ curves. They are curved so that they are anteriorly ____________ (convex or concave).
rotation
The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is
intramembranous
The process of _____ ossification produces flat bones of the skull and the lower jawbone.
flexion
The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh.
False
The scalenes originate on the first and second ribs and insert on the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae
has three large nonarticular fossae that occupy a large portion of the surface of the bone
The scapula
Sphenoid
The sella turcica is a feature of the _________ bone.
Temporal
The sense of hearing could be impaired by trauma to the _________ bone.
True
The skull is made up of some bones that were part of the branchial arches
True
The skull is made up of some bones that were part of the branchial arches.
mandibular fossa
The small depression on temporal bone that the condylar process fits into is called
the presence of compact bone the orientation of the osteons along the lines of stress
The strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to
joint capsule
The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called (a)
trochlear (IV) nerves.
The superior oblique muscles of the eyeball are innervated by:
zygomatic
The temporal processes are part of what bone?
has a medial malleolus at the distal end.
The tibia
an agonist-antagonist pair.
The triceps brachii and biceps brachii are good examples of
tibia
The weight bearing bone of the lower leg is the
anterior, femur
This is an _____________ view of the _________.
True
Trigeminal nerves control muscles of mastication.
Superior oblique
Using the figure above, identify D
lateral rectus
Using the figure above, identify G.
internal oblique.
Using the figure above, identify M.
rectus abdominis.
Using the figure above, identify S.
ulna
What bone has the olecranon process?
Spinal Cord
What is found inside the vertebral foramena? (fill in the blank)
Osteon
What is name of the circled structure?
flexes great toe
What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?
flexes the great toe
What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?
extends leg
What is the action of the rectus femoris?
dorsiflexes foot
What is the action of the tibialis anterior?
intertubercular sulcus or intertubercular groove
What is the feature that is found between the greater tubercle & lesser tubercle of the humerus
pull, pulling, contract
What is the major action of muscles to move bones?
Sartorius
What is the muscle that originates above the acetabulum and inserts on the tibia
Biceps femoris
What muscle is indicated by B?
triceps brachii
What muscle is indicated by B?
brachialis
What muscle is indicated by C?
Sartorius
What muscle is indicated by O?
biceps brachii tendon or biceps brachii
What muscle's tendon is found in this feature?
temporal and mandible
What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?
articular cartilage synovial fluid hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bone *all of these choices*
What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?
Olecranon process
When you lean on your elbows on a desk, this feature is in contact with the desk.
Contains transverse foramina and has a bifid (split into two) spinous process
Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?
transverse processes articulate with tubercles of ribs
Which best describes a typical thoracic vertebra?
has a peg-like process called a dens
Which best describes the axis
most important breathing muscle
Which best describes the diaphragm?
the prominence of the calf
Which best describes the gastrocnemius?
houses a structure that gathers tears
Which best describes the lacrimal bone?
forms most of the hard palate
Which best describes the maxilla bone?
forms part of the bridge of the nose
Which best describes the nasal bone?
bears condyles that articulate with the atlas
Which best describes the occipital bone?
posterior compartment of the thigh.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are all in the
True
Bone matrix contains crystallized mineral salts called hydroxyapatite.
forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
Which best describes the palatine bone?
exaggeration of the lumbar curve
Which best describes the term lordosis?
includes temporal process of zygomatic arch
Which best describes the zygomatic bone?
radial collateral ligament
Which feature goes with the elbow joint
acetabular labrum
Which feature goes with the hip joint?
medial and lateral menisci
Which feature goes with the knee joint?
glenoid labrum
Which feature goes with the shoulder joint?
Support the Body
Which is a major function of the skeletal system
elbow joint
Which joint shows a hinge motion?
Between atlas and dens of axis
Which joint shows a pivot motion
between atlas and dens of axis
Which joint shows a pivot motion? between tarsal bones, knee joint, hip joint, between atlas and dens of axis
ankle (talocrural)
Which joint shows the motions called dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
temporomandibular
Which joint shows the motions called elevation and depression?
L
Which label is on the central canal?
Pronator Teres
Which muscle turns the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly?
carpal bones
Which of the following bones are in contact with the distal radius?
hypoglossal canal
Which of the following features belongs to the occipital bone?
Most are not present at birth but develop as forces are exerted on bones and are most prominent during adult life. Processes and outgrowths are the result of tension from tendons and ligaments on the periosteum of a bone. Surface markings on skeletal remains may provide information related to age, sex, and physical fitness.
Which of the following is a true statement about bone surface markings?
Lateral condyle
Which of the following is an articular feature of the tibia?
lateral condyle
Which of the following is an articular feature of the tibia?
patella
Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?
The bodies of vertebrae form the posterior surface of the vertebral column.
Which of the following is false?
deltoid tuberosity
Which of the following is the attachment site for the deltoid muscle?
It is the medial bone of the forearm. Its head articulates with the distal end of the ulna. It articulates with the trochlear notch of the humerus. ****none of these choices****
Which of the following is true of the radius?
Agonist contract while antagonist relax The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.
Which of the following is/are TRUE?
acromioclavicular
Which of the following ligaments attaches the clavicle to the scapula?
geniohyoid
Which of the following muscles attach to the mandible bone?
Hinge Joint
Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements
tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
Which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the joint, tighten only at full extension of the joint, and act to stabilize the joint?
Subscapular fossa
Which of these characteristics is on the deep surface of the scapula in contact with the ribs?
trabeculae
Which one of the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?
transverse process
Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?
temporal
Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?
diarthrosis
Which type of joint has the most movement
subclavius
While driving to school to take an anatomy test, a college student gets in a car accident and breaks her collar bone on the steering wheel. Which of the following muscles is the most likely damaged in this injury?
True
Bursae are connective tissue sacs that are responsible for reducing friction during the movement of some joints. (T/F)
osteocytes
Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae. In mature bone, these cells are called ____________?
stability
Concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases, ________ decreases.
Thoracic
Costal facets and demifacets for rib articulations are found on these vertebrae
superior orbital fissure.
Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI all exit the cranium through (the)
circumduction
Drawing a large circle on a chalkboard is possible by means of ________ at the shoulder joint
***All of the Answeres are correct* the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified. cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage. osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity.
During endochondral bone formation
Fibrous joints
Fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in
control of body temperature
Functions of the skeletal system do NOT include
bone marrow
How does spongy bone receive oxygen and nutrients?
synovial
If a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and if it contains a joint cavity, it is classified as
Temporal
If a squamous suture were separated (opened up), a parietal bone would be pulled away from a _____ bone.
anterior
In a hydrocephalic newborn, the increased ICP can cause a "bulge" on the top of the head where the ______________ fontanel is found.
oculomotor trochlear abducens
Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
three vastus muscles and the rectus femoris.
Knee extensors, known as the quadriceps femoris, include the
Circumferential Lamellae
Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as
Autoimmune response that damages joints - rheumatoid arthritis Damage to tendons and ligaments leads to loss of motion in the spinal column - ankylosing spondylitis Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis resulting from inflammation - osteoarthritis Aching and morning stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and pelvis - arthritis in the elderly
Match the disorder with its cause or symptoms. Autoimmune response that damages joints Damage to tendons and ligaments leads to loss of motion in the spinal column Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis resulting from inflammation - Aching and morning stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and pelvis -
endomysium - G epimysium - C muscle fascicle - E muscle fiber - F perimysium - D periosteum - A
Match the letters in the figure with the following terms: endomysium - epimysium - muscle fascicle - muscle fiber - perimysium - periosteum -
endomysium G., epimysium C., muscle fascicle E., muscle fiber F., perimysium D., periosteum A.
Match the letters in the figure with the following terms: endomysium, epimysium, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, perimysium, periosteum
Fontanels
Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called
True
Most fibrous joints are synarthrotic; that is, they are immovable.
posterior humerus
Muscles that extend the forearm insert on the_____ surface of the______ bone.
True
Muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than pennate muscles.
parietal temporal
Of the eight bones that form the cranium, only the _ _ and _ _ bones are paired bones.
all of the answers are correct.
Of the following muscles, which can compress the abdomen? internal oblique, External oblique, transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis
Triceps Brachii
Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the
True
Opposition is a movement of the human thumb that is important for the utilization of tools.
False
Osteoclasts are found in lacunae of bone. (T/F)
D
22. Identify the head of the radius.
symphysis
A _____ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.
are responsible for the formation of matrix
A characteristic of osteoblasts is that they
are responsible for the destruction of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
sphincter
A circular muscle that encloses a body orifice is a __ muscle.
a ring of matrix
A lamella is
the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified.
A long bone increases in length until
Inversion
A movement that turns the sole of the foot inward is an example of
articular cartilage on the parts of the epiphyses where joints are formed
A typical long bone has
True
the muscle indicated by line A is the deltoid.
muscles, blood vessels and nerves
intercostal spaces contain
has no body and no spinous process
which best describes the atlas?
sacrum
10. The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the:
