ANAT 2

False

Abduction occurs when a bone moves toward the midline

False

All bones develop in a process whereby hyaline cartilage models are replaced by bone tissue.

facial (VII)

All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the _ __ cranial nerve.

trigeminal or trigeminal (V) or V

Almost all muscles that move the mandible are innervated by the cranial nerve called the

1-Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells. 2-A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed. 3-Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified. 4-Thin layers of compact bone form near the periosteum; spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center. 5-Medullary cavity is formed. 6-Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone

Put the following in correct order for endochondral ossification. -Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells. -A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed. -Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified. -Thin layers of compact bone form near the periosteum; spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center. -Medullary cavity is formed. -Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone tissue of the epiphyses.

platys-circular

Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Ligaments

Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are

True

Styloglossus is a tongue muscle.

Sella Turcica

The Ethmoid bone does not contain

mastoid

The _ _ process of the temporal bone is a rounded projection posterior to the external auditory meatus that is a site of attachment for several neck muscles.

sternothyroid

The _____ muscle extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage and acts to depress the larynx.

sternocleidomastoid

The _____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

mandibular

The ________ branch of the trigeminal nerve is the largest, and exits the cranium through the foramen ovale.

trapezius

The ________ muscle covers most of the surface area of the upper back.

talus

The ankle bone that articulates with both lower leg bones is called the

iliofemoral

The arrow is pointing to the _______ ligament.

Pubofemoral ligament

The articular capsule of the hip joint is one of the strongest in the body. It consists partially of

clavicle

The bone illustrated is the .

ischial tuberosity

The bony prominence that becomes sore when sitting in long lectures on hard chairs is the

blood vessels (and nerves)

The central canal of an osteon contains

True

The cervical curve is convex anteriorly.

true

The clavicle articulates with the acromion and the manubrium.

endosteum

The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is

a site of muscle attachment

The coracoid process of the scapula is

periosteum.

The covering on the outside of bone is called

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

The cricothyroid muscle is a muscle from which muscle group?

acetabulum

The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the coxal bone is the _____.

transversus abdominis.

The deepest layer of the abdominal muscles is the

hyoid bone

The diagastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles all attach to what bone?

Lateral

The distal end of the fibula forms the _ _ malleolus.

Olecranon fossa

The elbow "locks into" a posterior depression on the distal end of the humerus called the

in a young bone, the site of growth in length

The epiphyseal plate is

ulnaris

The extensor carpi _______ muscle extends and adducts the wrist.

Sphenoid

The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory information from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

False

The flexibility and compressive strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

True

The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers

posterior leg

The flexor hallucis longus muscle lies on the ________.

anterior arm

The flexor pollicis longus muscle lies on the ________.

serratus anterior

The following muscles all insert on the scapula. Which one does NOT adduct the scapula?

****none of these choices **** contributes to the sagittal suture forms part of the floor of the orbit articulates with the mandible

The frontal bone

none of these choices

The frontal bone: -contributes to the sagittal suture -forms part of the floor of the orbit -articulates with the mandible -none of these choices

True

The glossopharyngeal nerves pass through the jugular foramena.

true

The glossopharyngeal nerves pass through the jugular foramena.(T/F)

True

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate.

Acetabulum

The head of the femur fits into this feature of the pelvis.

True

The head of the ulna is on the distal end of the bone (True/False).

hyoid

The illustrated bone is the _____?

True

The inferior constrictor, middle constrictor, and superior constrictor are muscles that move the wall of the pharynx, assisting with the movement of food and liquid into the esophagus. (T/F)

is classified functionally as a synarthrosis

The joint between the parietal and frontal bones _________.

Occipital condyles and atlas

The joint that allows you to nod your head "Yes" is found between these structures.

Atlas and axis

The joint that allows you to shake your head "No" is found between these structures.

patellofemoral

The knee joint, the largest joint, is actually three joints: two tibiofemoral joints and one ____________ joint.

Radius

The lateral styloid process is a feature of which of the following bones?

anterior cruciate

The line is pointing to the _______ ligament.

False

The lumbar curve is concave anteriorly.

The condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment.

The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.

True

The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible.

False

The metaphysis is the tubular shaft of a long bone.

Floating ribs

The most inferior ribs are classified as

protraction

The movement of the mandible in a forward direction parallel to the ground is called _____.

spinales.

The muscle group nearest the vertebral column is the

Psoas major

The muscle indicated by line A is the

false

The muscle indicated by line D can extend the spine.

True

The muscle indicated by line E is the external oblique. T/F

anterior and posterior

The muscles of the arm (brachium) are divided into which of the following compartments

Extend, Flex

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg

adductors of the thigh

The muscles that originate on the anterior surface of the pubic bone are

rotator cuff.

The muscles that support the shoulder and limit its movement range are collectively called

gomphosis

The name of the type of joint where a tooth fits into a socket is _____.

divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis

The nutrient artery of a long bone

False

The olecranon, which forms the prominence of the elbow, is located on the distal end of the humerus

metacarpal bones.

The palms of the hand are made up of

completely enclosed in a tendon

The patella has an/is

distal, femur

The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the _____ end of the _____.

sacrum

The pelvis includes which bone of the axial skeleton?

True

The posterior fontanel is at the junction of the future lambdoid and sagittal sutures.

thoracic, sacral, concave

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the __________ and the _________ curves. They are curved so that they are anteriorly ____________ (convex or concave).

rotation

The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is

intramembranous

The process of _____ ossification produces flat bones of the skull and the lower jawbone.

flexion

The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh.

False

The scalenes originate on the first and second ribs and insert on the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae

has three large nonarticular fossae that occupy a large portion of the surface of the bone

The scapula

Sphenoid

The sella turcica is a feature of the _________ bone.

Temporal

The sense of hearing could be impaired by trauma to the _________ bone.

True

The skull is made up of some bones that were part of the branchial arches

True

The skull is made up of some bones that were part of the branchial arches.

mandibular fossa

The small depression on temporal bone that the condylar process fits into is called

the presence of compact bone the orientation of the osteons along the lines of stress

The strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to

joint capsule

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called (a)

trochlear (IV) nerves.

The superior oblique muscles of the eyeball are innervated by:

zygomatic

The temporal processes are part of what bone?

has a medial malleolus at the distal end.

The tibia

an agonist-antagonist pair.

The triceps brachii and biceps brachii are good examples of

tibia

The weight bearing bone of the lower leg is the

anterior, femur

This is an _____________ view of the _________.

True

Trigeminal nerves control muscles of mastication.

Superior oblique

Using the figure above, identify D

lateral rectus

Using the figure above, identify G.

internal oblique.

Using the figure above, identify M.

rectus abdominis.

Using the figure above, identify S.

ulna

What bone has the olecranon process?

Spinal Cord

What is found inside the vertebral foramena? (fill in the blank)

Osteon

What is name of the circled structure?

flexes great toe

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

flexes the great toe

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

extends leg

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

dorsiflexes foot

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

intertubercular sulcus or intertubercular groove

What is the feature that is found between the greater tubercle & lesser tubercle of the humerus

pull, pulling, contract

What is the major action of muscles to move bones?

Sartorius

What is the muscle that originates above the acetabulum and inserts on the tibia

Biceps femoris

What muscle is indicated by B?

triceps brachii

What muscle is indicated by B?

brachialis

What muscle is indicated by C?

Sartorius

What muscle is indicated by O?

biceps brachii tendon or biceps brachii

What muscle's tendon is found in this feature?

temporal and mandible

What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?

articular cartilage synovial fluid hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bone *all of these choices*

What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?

Olecranon process

When you lean on your elbows on a desk, this feature is in contact with the desk.

Contains transverse foramina and has a bifid (split into two) spinous process

Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?

transverse processes articulate with tubercles of ribs

Which best describes a typical thoracic vertebra?

has a peg-like process called a dens

Which best describes the axis

most important breathing muscle

Which best describes the diaphragm?

the prominence of the calf

Which best describes the gastrocnemius?

houses a structure that gathers tears

Which best describes the lacrimal bone?

forms most of the hard palate

Which best describes the maxilla bone?

forms part of the bridge of the nose

Which best describes the nasal bone?

bears condyles that articulate with the atlas

Which best describes the occipital bone?

posterior compartment of the thigh.

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are all in the

True

Bone matrix contains crystallized mineral salts called hydroxyapatite.

forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

Which best describes the palatine bone?

exaggeration of the lumbar curve

Which best describes the term lordosis?

includes temporal process of zygomatic arch

Which best describes the zygomatic bone?

radial collateral ligament

Which feature goes with the elbow joint

acetabular labrum

Which feature goes with the hip joint?

medial and lateral menisci

Which feature goes with the knee joint?

glenoid labrum

Which feature goes with the shoulder joint?

Support the Body

Which is a major function of the skeletal system

elbow joint

Which joint shows a hinge motion?

Between atlas and dens of axis

Which joint shows a pivot motion

between atlas and dens of axis

Which joint shows a pivot motion? between tarsal bones, knee joint, hip joint, between atlas and dens of axis

ankle (talocrural)

Which joint shows the motions called dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

temporomandibular

Which joint shows the motions called elevation and depression?

L

Which label is on the central canal?

Pronator Teres

Which muscle turns the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly?

carpal bones

Which of the following bones are in contact with the distal radius?

hypoglossal canal

Which of the following features belongs to the occipital bone?

Most are not present at birth but develop as forces are exerted on bones and are most prominent during adult life. Processes and outgrowths are the result of tension from tendons and ligaments on the periosteum of a bone. Surface markings on skeletal remains may provide information related to age, sex, and physical fitness.

Which of the following is a true statement about bone surface markings?

Lateral condyle

Which of the following is an articular feature of the tibia?

lateral condyle

Which of the following is an articular feature of the tibia?

patella

Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?

The bodies of vertebrae form the posterior surface of the vertebral column.

Which of the following is false?

deltoid tuberosity

Which of the following is the attachment site for the deltoid muscle?

It is the medial bone of the forearm. Its head articulates with the distal end of the ulna. It articulates with the trochlear notch of the humerus. ****none of these choices****

Which of the following is true of the radius?

Agonist contract while antagonist relax The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

acromioclavicular

Which of the following ligaments attaches the clavicle to the scapula?

geniohyoid

Which of the following muscles attach to the mandible bone?

Hinge Joint

Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements

tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

Which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the joint, tighten only at full extension of the joint, and act to stabilize the joint?

Subscapular fossa

Which of these characteristics is on the deep surface of the scapula in contact with the ribs?

trabeculae

Which one of the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?

transverse process

Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?

temporal

Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?

diarthrosis

Which type of joint has the most movement

subclavius

While driving to school to take an anatomy test, a college student gets in a car accident and breaks her collar bone on the steering wheel. Which of the following muscles is the most likely damaged in this injury?

True

Bursae are connective tissue sacs that are responsible for reducing friction during the movement of some joints. (T/F)

osteocytes

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae. In mature bone, these cells are called ____________?

stability

Concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases, ________ decreases.

Thoracic

Costal facets and demifacets for rib articulations are found on these vertebrae

superior orbital fissure.

Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI all exit the cranium through (the)

circumduction

Drawing a large circle on a chalkboard is possible by means of ________ at the shoulder joint

***All of the Answeres are correct* the matrix of the cartilage model becomes calcified. cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage. osteoclasts erode the center of the new bone to form a marrow cavity.

During endochondral bone formation

Fibrous joints

Fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in

control of body temperature

Functions of the skeletal system do NOT include

bone marrow

How does spongy bone receive oxygen and nutrients?

synovial

If a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and if it contains a joint cavity, it is classified as

Temporal

If a squamous suture were separated (opened up), a parietal bone would be pulled away from a _____ bone.

anterior

In a hydrocephalic newborn, the increased ICP can cause a "bulge" on the top of the head where the ______________ fontanel is found.

oculomotor trochlear abducens

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

three vastus muscles and the rectus femoris.

Knee extensors, known as the quadriceps femoris, include the

Circumferential Lamellae

Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as

Autoimmune response that damages joints - rheumatoid arthritis Damage to tendons and ligaments leads to loss of motion in the spinal column - ankylosing spondylitis Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis resulting from inflammation - osteoarthritis Aching and morning stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and pelvis - arthritis in the elderly

Match the disorder with its cause or symptoms. Autoimmune response that damages joints Damage to tendons and ligaments leads to loss of motion in the spinal column Loss of articular cartilage and synovitis resulting from inflammation - Aching and morning stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and pelvis -

endomysium - G epimysium - C muscle fascicle - E muscle fiber - F perimysium - D periosteum - A

Match the letters in the figure with the following terms: endomysium - epimysium - muscle fascicle - muscle fiber - perimysium - periosteum -

endomysium G., epimysium C., muscle fascicle E., muscle fiber F., perimysium D., periosteum A.

Match the letters in the figure with the following terms: endomysium, epimysium, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, perimysium, periosteum

Fontanels

Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called

True

Most fibrous joints are synarthrotic; that is, they are immovable.

posterior humerus

Muscles that extend the forearm insert on the_____ surface of the______ bone.

True

Muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than pennate muscles.

parietal temporal

Of the eight bones that form the cranium, only the _ _ and _ _ bones are paired bones.

all of the answers are correct.

Of the following muscles, which can compress the abdomen? internal oblique, External oblique, transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis

Triceps Brachii

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the

True

Opposition is a movement of the human thumb that is important for the utilization of tools.

False

Osteoclasts are found in lacunae of bone. (T/F)

D

22. Identify the head of the radius.

symphysis

A _____ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.

are responsible for the formation of matrix

A characteristic of osteoblasts is that they

are responsible for the destruction of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream

A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they

sphincter

A circular muscle that encloses a body orifice is a __ muscle.

a ring of matrix

A lamella is

the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified.

A long bone increases in length until

Inversion

A movement that turns the sole of the foot inward is an example of

articular cartilage on the parts of the epiphyses where joints are formed

A typical long bone has

True

the muscle indicated by line A is the deltoid.

muscles, blood vessels and nerves

intercostal spaces contain

has no body and no spinous process

which best describes the atlas?

sacrum

10. The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the: