ANAT 3.2 Lecture
Cerebellum
-1/2 of brain's neurons, vermis (center)/hemispheres/lobes (ant./post) -Outer gray, middle white (arbor vitae), deep gray matter -Fine tunes mvmt, equilibrium, posture, memorizes movement patterns
Cerebrospinal fluid filled cavities
-2 lateral ventricles -Third above the hypothalamus -4th (between brain stem and cerebellum
Deep fibular nerve
-Anterior leg muscles -Dorsiflexors
Gray matter:
-Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons -Superficial Cerebral cortex -Deep Cerebral nuclei
Insula Lobe
-Deep to lateral sulcus -Taste (gustatory cortex) -Interoceptive awareness, emotion, empathy
Tissue and Structure of spinal vertebrae
-Outer white, inner gray matter -Spinal meninges
Common fibular nerve
-Short head biceps femoris -Splits to deep and superficial
Occipital Lobe
-Sight (visual cortex) -Visual reception and visual interpretation
Diencephalon
-Thalamus -Hypothalamus -Epithalamus
Parietal Lobe
-Touch perception (somatosensory cortex) -B0dy orientation and sensory discrimination
Dura Mater
2 outermost layers -Subdural space - interstitial fluid Periosteal Layer Meningeal Layer
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs; motor and sensory axons Split into anterior and posterior rami -Posterior = back skin and deep muscles -Anterior = ant./lat. trunk, upper/lower limbs -ANS (rami communicates)
Gyrus
A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.
Temporal Lobe
Auditory processing (hearing) -Language comprehension (Wernicke's area) -Memory / information retrieval
Cerebellum (Lobe)
Balance and coordination
CFS
Clear liquid fluid that circulates
Cranial Meninges
Connective tissue separates brain from, contain blood vessels
Midbrain
Contains nuclei for CN III, IV
Pons
Contains nuclei for CN V-VII
Ophthalmic Branch
Cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp, meninges
Hemispheres are connected by?
Corpus Callodum
Arachnoid mater
Fiber web arachnoid trabeculae -Subarachnoid space- cerebrospinal fluid, protects/supports
Lumbar Plexus
Hip girdle and thigh Posterior division - femoral nerve Anterior division - obturator nerve
Hypothalamus
Homeostatic Needs -Temp, appetite, emotion, circadian rhythm, endocrine control (pituitary gland)
Sacral Plexus
Knee, ankle and foot Sciatic nerve (body's Longest) splits into tibial and common fibular -Tibial nerve -Common fibular nerve -Deep fibular nerve -Superficial fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Lateral leg musle3s Plantar flexors and evertors
Frontal Lobe
Motor Control (premotor cortex) -Problem solving -Speech production (Broach's area)
White matter
Myelinated axons; bundled in tracts
Maxillary branch
Nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek, meninges
Cervical Plexus
Neck muscle, skin, head and shoulders Phrenic nerve - diaphragm
Plexus
Network of ant. rami serve specific body part -Cervical -Brachial -Lumbar -Sacra;
Spinal Cord
Outer White, inner gray
Brainstem (BS)
Pathway for tracts between cerebrum & spinal cord -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla oblongata
Brachial Plexus
Pectoral girdle and upper limb -Axillary nerve -Musculocutaneous nerve -Median nerve -Ulnar nerve -Radial Nerve
Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus
Cerebrum
Repsonsible for conscious thouts/intellect - 80%
XII - Hypoglossal Nerve
Se3nsory function - none Motor Function - tongue muscles nerve Damage - swallowing and speech difficulty
II - Optic Nerve
Sensory Function - Vision Motor Function - none Nerve Damage - visual defects
IV - Trochlear Nerve
Sensory Function - none Motor Function - move eye inferiorly, laterally Nerve damage - paralysis of muscles, double vision
III - Oculomotor Nerve
Sensory Function - none Motor Function- Eye Movement Nerve Damage - Upper eyelid droop, paralysis of most eye muscles, double vision, focusing difficulty
I - Olfactory Nerve
Sensory Function - smell Motor Function - none Nerve Damage - partial or full loss of smell
VII - Facial
Sensory Function - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Motor Function - facial expression, eye and salivary gland secretion Nerve Damage - decreased tearing, decrease saliva production, loss of taste, facial nerve palsy (belle palsy
V - Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory Function - touch, temperature, pain Motor Function - mastication, swallowing Nerve damage - intense, pulsating pain -Ophthalmic Branch -Maxillary Branch -Mandibular branch
VIII - Vesticulocochlear nerve
Sensory function - Balance, Hearing Motor Function - none Nerve damage - loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness; loss of hearing
XI - Accessory Nerve
Sensory function - none Motor Function - pharynx, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid Nerve damage - paralysis trapezius & SCM
VI - Abducens Nerve
Sensory function - none Motor function - eye abduction Nerve Damage - limits lateral movement, double vision
IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Sensory function - sensation & taste posterior 1/3 tongue, sensation pharynx, monitor 02 and C02 Motor Function pharynx muscle; salivary secretion Nerve Damage - reduced saliva, loss of taste
X - Vagus Nerve
Sensory function - visceral sense hear, lungs, most abdominal organs, external acoustic meatus eardrum, laryngopharynx, and larynx Motor Function - pharynx & larynx muscles Nerve Damage - hoarseness, monotone voice, loss of voice, difficulty swallowing, impaired gastrointestinal system
Mandibular branch
Tongue, meninges, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, ear
Brainstem (Lobe)
Voluntary responses
Cerebrum
Wrinkled part of the brainFF
Obturator nerve
adductors, gracilis, pectineus
Pia mater
adheres to brain
Epithalamus
circadian rhythm (pineal gland)
Medulla oblangata
contains autonomic nuclei (sneezing, swallowing, coughing), contains nuclei for CN VIII- Xii``
Fissure
deep groove/separations
Tibial nerve
hamstings, plantar flexors
Sulcus
narrow groove
Limbic System
neural system surrounding diencephalon; Responsible for: -Emotions (pain, pleasure, affection, anger), memory, smell -Damage - Lack of fear and memory impairment (amygdala, hippocampus)
Thalamus
relay sensory information, gray matte