ANAT 3.2 Lecture

Cerebellum

-1/2 of brain's neurons, vermis (center)/hemispheres/lobes (ant./post) -Outer gray, middle white (arbor vitae), deep gray matter -Fine tunes mvmt, equilibrium, posture, memorizes movement patterns

Cerebrospinal fluid filled cavities

-2 lateral ventricles -Third above the hypothalamus -4th (between brain stem and cerebellum

Deep fibular nerve

-Anterior leg muscles -Dorsiflexors

Gray matter:

-Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons -Superficial Cerebral cortex -Deep Cerebral nuclei

Insula Lobe

-Deep to lateral sulcus -Taste (gustatory cortex) -Interoceptive awareness, emotion, empathy

Tissue and Structure of spinal vertebrae

-Outer white, inner gray matter -Spinal meninges

Common fibular nerve

-Short head biceps femoris -Splits to deep and superficial

Occipital Lobe

-Sight (visual cortex) -Visual reception and visual interpretation

Diencephalon

-Thalamus -Hypothalamus -Epithalamus

Parietal Lobe

-Touch perception (somatosensory cortex) -B0dy orientation and sensory discrimination

Dura Mater

2 outermost layers -Subdural space - interstitial fluid Periosteal Layer Meningeal Layer

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs; motor and sensory axons Split into anterior and posterior rami -Posterior = back skin and deep muscles -Anterior = ant./lat. trunk, upper/lower limbs -ANS (rami communicates)

Gyrus

A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.

Temporal Lobe

Auditory processing (hearing) -Language comprehension (Wernicke's area) -Memory / information retrieval

Cerebellum (Lobe)

Balance and coordination

CFS

Clear liquid fluid that circulates

Cranial Meninges

Connective tissue separates brain from, contain blood vessels

Midbrain

Contains nuclei for CN III, IV

Pons

Contains nuclei for CN V-VII

Ophthalmic Branch

Cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp, meninges

Hemispheres are connected by?

Corpus Callodum

Arachnoid mater

Fiber web arachnoid trabeculae -Subarachnoid space- cerebrospinal fluid, protects/supports

Lumbar Plexus

Hip girdle and thigh Posterior division - femoral nerve Anterior division - obturator nerve

Hypothalamus

Homeostatic Needs -Temp, appetite, emotion, circadian rhythm, endocrine control (pituitary gland)

Sacral Plexus

Knee, ankle and foot Sciatic nerve (body's Longest) splits into tibial and common fibular -Tibial nerve -Common fibular nerve -Deep fibular nerve -Superficial fibular nerve

Superficial fibular nerve

Lateral leg musle3s Plantar flexors and evertors

Frontal Lobe

Motor Control (premotor cortex) -Problem solving -Speech production (Broach's area)

White matter

Myelinated axons; bundled in tracts

Maxillary branch

Nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek, meninges

Cervical Plexus

Neck muscle, skin, head and shoulders Phrenic nerve - diaphragm

Plexus

Network of ant. rami serve specific body part -Cervical -Brachial -Lumbar -Sacra;

Spinal Cord

Outer White, inner gray

Brainstem (BS)

Pathway for tracts between cerebrum & spinal cord -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla oblongata

Brachial Plexus

Pectoral girdle and upper limb -Axillary nerve -Musculocutaneous nerve -Median nerve -Ulnar nerve -Radial Nerve

Femoral nerve

Quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus

Cerebrum

Repsonsible for conscious thouts/intellect - 80%

XII - Hypoglossal Nerve

Se3nsory function - none Motor Function - tongue muscles nerve Damage - swallowing and speech difficulty

II - Optic Nerve

Sensory Function - Vision Motor Function - none Nerve Damage - visual defects

IV - Trochlear Nerve

Sensory Function - none Motor Function - move eye inferiorly, laterally Nerve damage - paralysis of muscles, double vision

III - Oculomotor Nerve

Sensory Function - none Motor Function- Eye Movement Nerve Damage - Upper eyelid droop, paralysis of most eye muscles, double vision, focusing difficulty

I - Olfactory Nerve

Sensory Function - smell Motor Function - none Nerve Damage - partial or full loss of smell

VII - Facial

Sensory Function - taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Motor Function - facial expression, eye and salivary gland secretion Nerve Damage - decreased tearing, decrease saliva production, loss of taste, facial nerve palsy (belle palsy

V - Trigeminal Nerve

Sensory Function - touch, temperature, pain Motor Function - mastication, swallowing Nerve damage - intense, pulsating pain -Ophthalmic Branch -Maxillary Branch -Mandibular branch

VIII - Vesticulocochlear nerve

Sensory function - Balance, Hearing Motor Function - none Nerve damage - loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness; loss of hearing

XI - Accessory Nerve

Sensory function - none Motor Function - pharynx, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid Nerve damage - paralysis trapezius & SCM

VI - Abducens Nerve

Sensory function - none Motor function - eye abduction Nerve Damage - limits lateral movement, double vision

IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Sensory function - sensation & taste posterior 1/3 tongue, sensation pharynx, monitor 02 and C02 Motor Function pharynx muscle; salivary secretion Nerve Damage - reduced saliva, loss of taste

X - Vagus Nerve

Sensory function - visceral sense hear, lungs, most abdominal organs, external acoustic meatus eardrum, laryngopharynx, and larynx Motor Function - pharynx & larynx muscles Nerve Damage - hoarseness, monotone voice, loss of voice, difficulty swallowing, impaired gastrointestinal system

Mandibular branch

Tongue, meninges, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, ear

Brainstem (Lobe)

Voluntary responses

Cerebrum

Wrinkled part of the brainFF

Obturator nerve

adductors, gracilis, pectineus

Pia mater

adheres to brain

Epithalamus

circadian rhythm (pineal gland)

Medulla oblangata

contains autonomic nuclei (sneezing, swallowing, coughing), contains nuclei for CN VIII- Xii``

Fissure

deep groove/separations

Tibial nerve

hamstings, plantar flexors

Sulcus

narrow groove

Limbic System

neural system surrounding diencephalon; Responsible for: -Emotions (pain, pleasure, affection, anger), memory, smell -Damage - Lack of fear and memory impairment (amygdala, hippocampus)

Thalamus

relay sensory information, gray matte