Anatatezt

Enzymes assist in the occurrence of reactions by

lowering of activation energy.

How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?

many times

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

stomach.

At the venous ends of the pulmonary capillaries...

the Pco2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.

At the arterial ends of the pulmonary capillaries...

the Po2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.

Mass movements of the colon are integrated by...

the enteric plexus.

The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air.

False

The carbonic acid ion is then joined to a hydrogen ion by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

False

The fluid filled area between the pleural layers is the...

pleural cavity.

The micturition reflex is coordinated by neurons in the spinal cord.

True

The pleural membranes completely surround the each lung.

True

In simple terms sucrase

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Consuming B vitamins in excess of need will

decrease formation of energy (ATP).

During expiration...

decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.

The pleural membranes function like a fluid filled balloon that completely surrounds the heart.

False

At the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries,

O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

At the arterial end of the tissue capillaries,

O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.

________stimulation via the ________ nerve causes the secretion of HCl in the stomach.

Parasympathetic ; vagus

As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.

True

At the venous end of tissue capillaries, there is no net movement of O2 and CO2.

True

Cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine, inhibits gastric secretions in the stomach.

True

Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum.

True

Gasses diffuse because of differences in partial pressures from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

True

If urination is not convenient, the brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to inhibit the micturition reflex

True

In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.

True

Mass movements of the colon propel its contents toward the rectum.

True

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme.

True

The partial pressure of a gas is measured in millimeters of mercury

True

When partial pressures for a given gas are equal between the capillaries and the tissue fluids, no net movement of that gas occurs.

True

The ranking from highest to lowest Po2 in the area of the arterial ends of the tissue capillaries is...

all three are equal.

How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

by binding to the active site

In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between...

carbon dioxide and water.

Gastric secretion begins during the ________ phase and ends during the ________ phase.

cephalic ; intestinal

Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells...

exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.

Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by...

food in the stomach; chyme in the duodenum.

The hormone ________ stimulates the secretion of the hormone ________ in the stomach.

gastrin ; pepsin

Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

glucose

Hydrochloric acid is formed when...

hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.

The result of the process of inspiration is...

increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.

What organ produces bile?

liver

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Where is sucrose found in the human body?

on the microvilli of the small intestine

Which B vitamin is found in egg yolk (and other foods) and functions as part of Coenzyme A?

pantothenic acid

Defecation is stimulated by...

parasympathetic reflexes; local reflexes.

The outermost layer of the pleural membrane is the...

parietal pleura.

The direction of gas movement is determined by

partial pressure differences.

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine.

When urination is desired, decreased action potentials along which of the following causes relaxation of the external urinary sphincter?

somatic motor neurons

Inspiration begins as...

the diaphragm contracts

In response to these impulses, which of the following cause the smooth muscle on the urinary bladder to contract?

the parasympathetic neurons from the spinal cord to the urinary bladder

When the urinary bladder becomes stretched, there is an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from...

the urinary bladder to the sacral region.

What function do many B vitamins serve in the production of energy?

they function as co-enzymes

In the example shown, what co-enzyme is used to assist in the production of ATP from pyruvate?

thiamine pyrophosphate

The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the...

visceral pleura.