Anatomical movement

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Posterior

towards the back of my body; back or at the back of

Dorsiflexion

bringing toes up

3 types of planes

transverse sagittal frontal

The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders.

inferior

The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle.

proximal

Frontal Plane

A cut that divides you by front and back.

Sagittal plane

A cut that divides you in halves, left and right.

Mid-sagittal plane

A sagittal cut that creates equal halves

Superior

Above; towards the head of the body or above

Medial

Close to the mid-line of the body; toward the midline of the body

The knees are (superior/inferior) to the waist

inferior

Internal rotation

turning in

External rotation

turning out

Jessica has just turned her foot to point out to the side in ballet class. What motion did she make with her hip?

external rotation

Prone

facing down wile lying down; lying face downwards

The shoulders are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line

lateral

The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine.

lateral

The neck is (lateral/medial) to the arms

medial

ADduction

move a body part towards the body

ABduction

moving a body part away from the body

Inferior

Below; towards the feet, or below

Proximal

Closer to (you have to have a point 0 for this, such as- my wrist is proximal to my knuckles when consulting my elbow); closer to the top of the limb

Lateral

Point further from your mid-line; toward the side of the body, or away from the midline of the body

Flexion

Shortening the angle of a joint (bringing it forward)

What is the importance of having the anatomical position?

To have a reference point

Pronation (usually pertains to the wrist)

Turning something down. (like turning your palm down so your wrist pronates)

Supination (usually pertains to the wrist)

Turning something up. (like you would do with your wrist if you were holding a bowl of soup)

Anatomical position

-facing forward -palms forward -standing

Transverse plane

Across the middle, aka cutting through your abdomen

Distal

Away from (you have to have a point 0 for this, such as- my knee is distal to my ankle when consulting my big toe); closer toward the bottom or end of a limb

Extension

Elongating the angle of a joint (pushing it backwards)

Johnny's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out (straightens). What motion did his knee make?

Extension

The arms are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line

Lateral

The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot.

Medial

Jewel has just pointed her toe in dance class. What motion did she make?

Plantarflexion

Jennifer swings her leg, straightened, out to the side to close a door with her foot. What motion did she make with her leg?

abduction

Joe has just stretched both arms upwards to try and wake himself up in class. What motion did he make at his shoulders?

abduction

Jamal is doing jumping jacks. What motion occurs at his hips as his feet move toward the middle?

adduction

The biceps are (posterior/anterior) to the triceps

anterior

The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow.

distal

Supine

facing up while lying down; lying face upwards

Circumduction

one end fixed, other is circulating

The hamstring is (posterior/anterior) to the quadriceps

posterior

The heel is (posterior/anterior) to the toes

posterior

The shoulder blade is on the anterior/posterior side of the body.

posterior

The calf muscle is (superior/inferior) to the ankle

superior

The elbow is (superior/inferior) to the wrist

superior

The hands are (superior/inferior) to the feet

superior

The knee is superior/inferior to the ankle

superior

Plantarflexion

toes down

Anterior

towards the front of the body; front, or in front of


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